Identification of QTLs influencing wood property traits in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). II. Chemical wood properties

Preliminary studies based on small sample sets show that near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has the potential for rapidly estimating many important wood properties. However, if NIR is to be used operationally, then calibrations using several hundred samples from a wide variety of growing conditions need to be developed and their performance tested on samples from new populations. In this study, 120 Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine) radial strips (cut from increment cores) representing 15 different sites from three physiographic regions in Georgia (USA) were characterized in terms of air-dry density, microfibril angle (MFA), and stiffness. NIR spectra were collected in 10-mm increments from the radial longitudinal surface of each strip and split into calibration (nine sites, 729 spectra) and prediction sets (six sites, 225 spectra). Calibrations were developed using untreated and mathematically treated (first and second derivative and multiplicative scatter correction) spectra. Strong correlations were obtained for all properties, the strongest R2 values being 0.83 (density), 0.90 (MFA), and 0.93 (stiffness). When applied to the test set, good relationships were obtained (Rp2 ranged from 0.80 to 0.90), but the accuracy of predictions varied depending on math treatment. The addition of a small number of cores from the prediction set (one core per new site) to the calibration set improved the accuracy of predictions and importantly minimized the differences obtained with the various math treatments. These results suggest that density, MFA, and stiffness can be estimated by NIR with sufficient accuracy to be used in operational settings.

Download Full-text

Comparison of Pinus taeda L. wood property calibrations based on NIR spectra from the radial-longitudinal and radial-transverse faces of wooden strips

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf.2005.034 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 214-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Laurence R. Schimleck ◽

Reinhard Stürzenbecher ◽

Christian Mora ◽

P. David Jones ◽

Richard F. Daniels

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Microfibril Angle ◽

Wood Property ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Dry Density ◽

Increment Core ◽

Pinus Taeda L ◽

Radial Strip

Abstract When a radial strip is cut from an increment core it can potentially be cut with two orientations: parallel to longitudinal tracheids, i.e., a radial-longitudinal (RL) strip (the orientation of SilviScan samples), or at an orientation of 90° to the tracheids, i.e., a radial-transverse (RT) strip. Both strips could be used for near-infrared (NIR) analysis, but it is unknown how calibrations based on RT-face NIR spectra compare with those based on RL-face NIR spectra. A total of 20 Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine) RL strips were characterized in terms of air-dry density, microfibril angle (MFA), stiffness and several tracheid morphological characteristics. NIR spectra were collected in 10-mm increments from the RL and RT faces of matching strips and used to develop calibrations for each property. In general, RL-face NIR spectra gave calibrations that provided stronger relationships. Differences between the two sets of calibrations were small, indicating that either face could be used for NIR analysis.

Download Full-text

Wood properties and ring width responses to long-term atmospheric CO2 enrichment in field-grown loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)

Plant Cell & Environment ◽

10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00392.x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 213-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

F. W. TELEWSKI ◽

R. T. SWANSON ◽

B. R. STRAIN ◽

J. M. BURNS

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Ring Width ◽

Co2 Enrichment ◽

Wood Properties ◽

Atmospheric Co2 ◽

Pinus Taeda L

Download Full-text

Identification of representative sampling heights for specific gravity and moisture content in plantation-grown loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x2012-009 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 574-584 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Finto Antony ◽

Laurence R. Schimleck ◽

Richard F. Daniels

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Pinus Taeda ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Wood Properties ◽

Representative Sampling ◽

Breast Height ◽

Sampling Height ◽

Pinus Taeda L ◽

Whole Tree

Conventionally, increment cores collected at breast height (1.4 m) have been used to measure wood properties of standing loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees. This height has been used because of the ease of sampling and cost involved in extracting the cores. In this study, the efficacy of a breast-height core to represent whole-tree specific gravity (SG) and moisture content (MC) was examined. The sampling height that best represents whole-tree SG and MC was identified using the correlation between volume-weighted whole-tree SG and MC with SG and MC measurements collected at different heights within a tree. We found a high correlation between observed whole-disk SG and MC with volume-weighted whole-tree SG and MC at most sampling heights. The strength of the correlation followed a skewed parabolic curve form for both wood properties. The strongest correlations were observed between 4.6 and 6.1 m, with marginally lower correlations at the base of the tree, and the weakest correlations were observed towards the tip of the tree. In addition, it was found that the number of stands and trees that need to be sampled to achieve a certain accuracy in overall mean whole-tree SG and MC was greater if breast height was used as a sampling height compared with the most representative sampling heights identified (4.6 m for SG and 6.1 m for MC).

Download Full-text

Water availability and genetic effects on wood properties of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x10-162 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 40 (12) ◽

pp. 2265-2277 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

C. A. Gonzalez-Benecke ◽

T. A. Martin ◽

A. Clark ◽

G. F. Peter

Keyword(s):

South Carolina ◽

Soil Water ◽

Pinus Taeda ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Water Availability ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Basal Area ◽

Wood Properties ◽

Wood Stiffness ◽

Pinus Taeda L

We studied the effect of water availability on basal area growth and wood properties of 11-year-old loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) trees from contrasting Florida (FL) (a mix of half-sib families) and South Carolina coastal plain (SC) (a single, half-sib family) genetic material. Increasing soil water availability via irrigation increased average whole-core specific gravity (SG) and latewood percentage (LW%) by 0.036 and 6.93%, respectively. Irrigation did not affect latewood SG or wood stiffness, but irrigated FL and SC trees had more latewood due to a 29 day longer growing season. Irrigation did not affect the length of corewood production, but irrigated trees had earlier transition ages, producing outerwood ~3 years before rainfed trees. The increase in whole-core SG and LW% was moderate because irrigation promoted earlywood growth in corewood formed before canopy closure, but after year 7, rain-fed and irrigated trees had similar earlywood growth but irrigated trees had more latewood growth, increasing ring SG and LW%. The SC half-sib family had higher SG and greater LW% than trees from FL independent of irrigation due to greater yearly latewood growth. Thus, absence of soil water stress extended seasonal diameter cessation date but did not change latewood SG or wood stiffness.

Download Full-text

Faculty Opinions recommendation of Apparent homology of expressed genes from wood-forming tissues of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) with Arabidopsis thaliana.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1015332.196410 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Guenter Theissen

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Pinus Taeda ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Pinus Taeda L

Download Full-text

A Consensus Map for Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.). I. Construction and Integration of Individual Linkage Maps From Two Outbred Three-Generation Pedigrees

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/151.1.321 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 151 (1) ◽

pp. 321-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mitchell M Sewell ◽

Bradley K Sherman ◽

David B Neale

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Mapping Function ◽

Genetic Maps ◽

Linkage Data ◽

Linkage Maps ◽

Consensus Map ◽

Pinus Taeda L

Abstract A consensus map for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) was constructed from the integration of linkage data from two unrelated three-generation outbred pedigrees. The progeny segregation data from restriction fragment length polymorphism, random amplified polymorphic DNA, and isozyme genetic markers from each pedigree were recoded to reflect the two independent populations of parental meioses, and genetic maps were constructed to represent each parent. The rate of meiotic recombination was significantly greater for males than females, as was the average estimate of genome length for males {1983.7 cM [Kosambi mapping function (K)]} and females [1339.5 cM(K)]. The integration of individual maps allows for the synthesis of genetic information from independent sources onto a single consensus map and facilitates the consolidation of linkage groups to represent the chromosomes (n = 12) of loblolly pine. The resulting consensus map consists of 357 unique molecular markers and covers ∼1300 cM(K).

Download Full-text

Four Site-Preparation Techniques for Regenerating Pine-Hardwood Mixtures in the Piedmont

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/21.3.116 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 116-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Thomas A. Waldrop

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Height Growth ◽

Site Preparation ◽

Site Conditions ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Southern Appalachian ◽

Medium Quality ◽

Pinus Taeda L ◽

Preparation Techniques

Abstract Four variations of the fell-and-burn technique, a system developed to produce mixed pine-hardwood stands in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, were compared in the Piedmont region. All variations of this technique successfully improved the commercial value of low-quality hardwood stands by introducing a pine component. After six growing seasons, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) occupied the dominant crown position and oaks the codominant position in fell-and-burn treated stands on poor to medium quality sites. The precise timing of felling residual stems, as prescribed by the fell-and-burn technique, may be flexible because winter and spring felling produced similar results. Although summer site preparation burns reduced hardwood height growth by reducing the length of the first growing season, they did not improve pine survival or growth. Pines were as tall as hardwoods within four growing seasons in burned plots and within six growing seasons in unburned plots. Additional research is needed to determine the level or intensity of site preparation needed to establish pine-hardwood mixtures over a range of site conditions. South. J. Appl. For. 21(3):116-122.

Download Full-text