Industrial Discharges of Metals in Kigali, Rwanda, and the Impact on Drinking Water Quality

1997 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gasana ◽  
L. Twagilimana ◽  
W. Hallenbeck ◽  
G. Brenniman
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
The Impact

Water quality aspects related to domestic drinking water storage tanks and consideration in current standards and guidelines throughout the world – a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-463
Author(s):  
Irene Slavik ◽  
Keila Roberta Oliveira ◽  
Peter Batista Cheung ◽  
Wolfgang Uhl
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
The World ◽  
Standards And Guidelines ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In many parts of the world, drinking water storage takes place in near-house or in-house tanks. This can impact drinking water quality considerably. International and numerous national standards and guidelines addressing the construction, installation and operation of domestic drinking water storage tanks are reviewed on their consideration of water quality aspects and the minimisation of health risks associated with drinking water storage. Several national and international standards and guidelines are reviewed in terms of drinking water quality requirements. Factors that have an impact on water quality in relation to the use of domestic drinking water storage tanks are summarised comprehensively. The impact of the domestic storage of drinking water on water quality, the points and locations of use, their positioning, the materials they are made of, their design and operation, as well as aspects of how they are operated and maintained is outlined and discussed in detail. Finally, the incorporation of aspects regarding water quality in drinking water storage tanks in standards and guidelines is presented and assessed. To make the use of domestic drinking water storage tanks safer and more efficient, recommendations for modifications, improvements and extensions of respective standards are made.

scholarly journals The impact of rainfall on drinking water quality in Antananarivo, Madagascar

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e0218698
Author(s):  
Alexandra Bastaraud ◽  
Emeline Perthame ◽  
Jean-Marius Rakotondramanga ◽  
Jackson Mahazosaotra ◽  
Noro Ravaonindrina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The impact of rainfall on drinking water quality in Antananarivo, Madagascar

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Bastaraud ◽  
Emeline Perthame ◽  
Jean-Marius Rakotondramanga ◽  
Jackson Mahazosaotra ◽  
Noro Ravaonindrina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Impact

AbstractLow-income cities that are subject to high population pressure and vulnerable to climate events often have a low capacity to continuously deliver safe drinking water. Here we report the findings of a 32-year investigation of the temporal dynamics of indicators of drinking water quality in the city of Antananarivo, where we assess the long-term evolution of supplied water quality and characterize the interactions between climate conditions and the full-scale supply system. A total of 25,467 water samples were collected every week at different points in the supplied drinking water system. Samples were analyzed for total coliforms (TC), Escherichia coli (EC), intestinal Enterococci (IE), and spores of Clostridia (SSRC). Nine-hundred-eighty-one samples that were identified as positive for one or more indicators were unevenly distributed across the series. The breakpoint method identified four periods when the time series displayed changes in the level and profile of contamination (i) and the monthly pattern of contamination (ii), with more direct effects of rainfall on the quality of supplied drinking water. The modeling showed significantly different lags among indicators of bacteria occurrence after cumulative rainfall, which range from 4 to 8 weeks. Among the effects of low-income urbanization, a rapid demographic transition and urban watershed degradation are progressively affecting the quality of supplied water and resulting in the more direct effects of rainfall events.

scholarly journals THE QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER AS A FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF DENTAL PATHOLOGY OF THE HARD TISSUES OF THE TEETH IN CHILDREN

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1120-1124
Author(s):  
Oksana V. Klitynska ◽  
Natalia V. Hasiuk ◽  
Volodymyr І. Struk ◽  
Roksolana Yu. Kruchak ◽  
Viacheslav R. Gurando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The aim: A study of the impact of drinking water quality on the state of dental health in schoolchildren who permanently live in areas of biogeochemical deficiency of fluorine and iodine. Material and methods: The composition of the drinking water of the city of Uzhhorod and the city of Rakhiv has been investigated. The prevalence and intensity of dental caries in children is determined, drinking water is taken in accordance with Uzhhorod and Rakhiv. Results: The regional features of the composition of drinking water of the mountain Rakhivsky district of the Transcarpathian region are the high variety of combinations of mineral components and the frequent excess of the normative content of dry residue components, namely nitrates, sulfates, chlorides, magnesium and calcium.Water oxidation, total stiffness and total alkalinity were significantly different. The established drinking water quality indicators have a direct dependence on the prevalence and intensity of dental caries in children, that is, a significant increase in the number of carious temporary, carious and distant permanent teeth and a decrease in filled temporary and permanent teeth (p < 0. 05) were diagnosed. Conclusions: One of the most pressing problems in water hygiene is the urgent need to review and improve regulations, State sanitary regulations, standards and other regulations in the field of drinking water, including through the development of regional drinking water quality standards.

scholarly journals The Impact of Drinking Water Quality and Sanitation on Child Health: Evidence from Rural Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 2193-2211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammed A. Usman ◽  
Nicolas Gerber ◽  
Joachim von Braun
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Rural Ethiopia ◽  
The Impact

Impact of Water-Rocks Interaction on Groundwater Geochemistry of Southern Mor Range, Balochistan, Pakistan and its Appraisal for Drinking Water Quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-368
Author(s):  
Maria Kaleem Maria Kaleem ◽  
Shahid Naseem Shahid Naseem ◽  
Erum Bashir Erum Bashir ◽  
Bushra Shahab and Muhammad Mansha Bushra Shahab and Muhammad Mansha
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Trace Element Geochemistry ◽  
Element Geochemistry ◽  
Piper Diagram ◽  
Type Water ◽  
The Impact

Major and trace element geochemistry of groundwater of southern Mor Range, Balochistan was made to insight the impact of igneous and sedimentary rock on the composition of groundwater. The median values of ions display Na+andgt; Mg2+ andgt;Ca2+andgt;K+ and HCO3-andgt;SO4-2andgt;Cl-andgt;CO3-2 trend in the distribution of cations and anions respectively. The plots on Piper diagram indicated Ca-Na-Cl-type water (40.84%) as dominant water facies, followed by Ca-Cl-type (18.36%), Ca-Na-HCO3-Cl-type (16.33%), Ca-HCO3-Cl-type (12.24%), Na-Cl is (10.20%). The plots on Gibbs’ diagrams delineate rock weathering combined with evaporation process for regulating the ionic composition. Molar ratio of Ca2++Mg2+ vs. HCO3-+SO42- and Ca2+/Na+ vs. Mg2+/Na+ demonstrated that the groundwater of the study area has genetic association with the igneous rocks of Bela Ophiolite and sedimentary rocks of Ferozabad Group. Strong correlation matrix and PCA diagram also witnessed genetic affiliation with the rocks of the study area. The ionic composition revealed, nearly 50% samples faced process of ion exchange. Estimation of selected trace elements (Fe, Zn, V, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, As and Co) was also done to evaluate the drinking water quality and their possible health implications. Majority of them was found within permissible limits; however, in some of the samples, Fe, V and Pb exceed the WHO specifications.

scholarly journals Assessment of rainwater harvesting and maintenance practice for better drinking water quality in rural areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dung A. Dao ◽  
Son H. Tran ◽  
Huyen T. T. Dang ◽  
Viet-Anh Nguyen ◽  
Viet Anh Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
P Value ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In many areas of the world, rainwater has been collected and consumed by people. Our research aims to assess the use of rainwater and the impact of operation and maintenance activities of the rainwater system on drinking water quality in rural areas where there is no access to a public drinking water system. Through the questionnaire, direct visits, interviews and sampling of water at surveyed households (HHs), it was found that 100 and 98% of surveyed HHs used rainwater for drinking and cooking, respectively. Nearly, 80% of them were aware of the necessity of frequent reservoir cleaning as well as first-flush removal. Cleaning the water reservoir had a significant impact on water quality, in particular the total dissolved solids (p-value &lt; 0.05). The use of strainers and more frequency of cleaning the catchment roofs and gutters would make the lower turbidity in water. However, the use of strainers would reduce the dissolution of oxygen in the reservoirs. A recommendation on the frequency of maintaining the rainwater harvesting systems was proposed after assessment of the operation and maintenance behaviors at surveyed HHs.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Water Filters and Improved Cook Stoves on Drinking Water Quality and Household Air Pollution: A Randomised Controlled Trial in Rwanda

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e91011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghislaine Rosa ◽  
Fiona Majorin ◽  
Sophie Boisson ◽  
Christina Barstow ◽  
Michael Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Cook Stoves ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Filters
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