scholarly journals Do elections accelerate the COVID-19 pandemic?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Palguta ◽  
René Levínský ◽  
Samuel Škoda
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Election Law ◽  
Risk Avoidance ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Strategic Risk ◽  
Physical Mobility

AbstractElections define representative democracies but also produce spikes in physical mobility if voters need to travel to polling places. In this paper, we examine whether large-scale, in-person elections propagate the spread of COVID-19. We exploit a natural experiment from the Czech Republic, which biannually renews mandates in one-third of Senate constituencies that rotate according to the 1995 election law. We show that in the second and third weeks after the 2020 elections (held on October 9–10), new COVID-19 infections grew significantly faster in voting compared to non-voting constituencies. A temporarily related peak in hospital admissions and essentially no changes in test positivity rates suggest that the acceleration was not merely due to increased testing. The acceleration did not occur in the population above 65, consistently with strategic risk-avoidance by older voters. Our results have implications for postal voting reforms or postponing of large-scale, in-person (electoral) events during viral outbreaks.

scholarly journals The development of regional differentiation of office construction in the Czech Republic: 1990–2010

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
Pavel Domalewski ◽  
Jan Baxa
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Dominant Position

Abstract The factors that were crucial for the construction of administrative buildings in the regional capitals of the Czech Republic are subject to examination in this article. One primary question is whether the development of office construction reflects the qualitative importance of the cities, or whether there are some other regularities in the spatial distribution of construction. To identify the key factors, controlled interviews with experts professionally involved in the construction of administrative buildings were carried out, and these data were then extended as part of a large-scale questionnaire survey with other experts on the issue. The results have confirmed the dominant position of the capital city of Prague in terms of its qualitative importance, as the remaining regional capitals have less than one-tenth of the volume of modern office building areas. The greatest differences in the construction of administrative buildings have been noted in Brno and Ostrava, despite the fact that they exhibit similar characteristics when considered in the light of respondent-determined factors.

Lean home services in Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 784-802
Author(s):  
Felipe Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Lean Management ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Size Limits

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the findings of an empirical research on the leanness of the home services sector in the Czech Republic. The automotive sector provides reference to argue the numerical outcomes. Design/methodology/approach The research uses a specifically designed assessment tool (Lean Index – LI) to determine the sector’s leanness level. Referring to the results from both sectors, the paper draws conclusions about the current leanness level of home services providers. Findings The proposed LI indicates a value of 69.50 per cent for home services providers, whereas the LI for the automotive industry suppliers is 82.88 per cent. This suggests that there are large opportunities for the implementation of lean management in the home services sector. However, the main challenge is to introduce a continuous improvement approach to these companies. Research limitations/implications The sample size limits the generalisation of the research results. However, this paper represents the first empirical attempt to implement a large-scale survey. The results are limited to the Czech Republic. However, parties from other countries have indicated interest to replicate the research. Practical implications This research provides first empirical findings on the possibilities of implementing lean in the home services sector. Future research projects in other sectors will have the opportunity to make use of the LI assessment tool. Originality/value The paper presents the first approach of lean management into the home services sector. It provides valuable information to specialised institutions in the sector about the possibilities of lean management in the sector. It also provides an overview of the sector for practitioners and academics willing to pioneer lean in the sector.

scholarly journals Analysis of land-law relations development in the Czech Republic after 1989 in the legal and economic kontext

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 250-256
Author(s):  
J. Bartůšková ◽  
J. Homolka
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Land Law ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Czech Land

Changes in the land law, which occurred after 1948, still influence the whle Czech countryside to this day. Typical features of Czech agriculture, i.e. the fragmentation of ownership of the agricultural land fund and the high share of leased agricultural land, which is a direct consequence of the socialistic large-scale production, continue even despite extensive legal changes after 1989. The changes in the Czech land law after 1989 brought about not only the legal guarantees for owners but also new problems, which are still necessary to solve. An important tool of the solution of the present Czech agriculture problems is represented by land adjustments. The membership of the Czech Republic in the European Union on one hand led to the simplification of land acquisition for some foreigners, however; on the other hand it has not influenced in principle the structure of landowners. Still in 2008, the questions of the atonement of property injustices are finished yet regarding the churches concerning agricultural and forest land. A new civil code, currently in process, which can influence some legal relations to the land, has not been put forward to the Parliament yet.

Plant poisonings in children in the Czech Republic, 1996-2001

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Vichova ◽  
Ludek Jahodar
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Complete Data ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Thorn Apple ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Poisoning In Children

Ingestion of or exposure to potentially poisonous plants is a relatively common presenting complaint in hospital paediatric departments, especially amongst toddlers. We present a retrospective study conducted to review the hospital admissions following acute childhood poisoning with plants in the Czech Republic over a 6-year period from 1996 to 2001. Six university hospital paediatric departments and two local hospital paediatric departments were involved in the study. Information and complete data on the cases were collected on the basis of all hospital medical records and internal hospital database outcomes. A total of 174 plant exposures were analysed to tabulate the list of top species involved in plant poisonings. The aims were to provide classification according to agent frequency, clinical presentations, severity of symptoms expressed, affected age groups and gender of patients and to evaluate the treatment according to patient outcome. The most frequent ingestions were of thorn apple seeds (14.9%), followed by dumb cane exposures (11.5%) and common yew (9.8%). Thorn apple, dumb cane, golden chain and raw beans caused the most serious symptoms. There were no fatalities reported out of the reviewed medical records. Complete data on plant poisoning in children from all over the territory of the Czech Republic are not available; however, we believe that the frequency of causes and the rank of plant species commonly involved are properly reflected in our study.

Large Scale Fracture Mechanics Testing

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Brumovsky
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Fracture Mechanics ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Leak Before Break ◽  
Reactor Pressure

This paper gives a short overview of experimental programs using large scale models/experiments realized in the Czech Republic with the aim to support the reactor pressure components of WWER type reactors. One part of the program was concentrated on reactor pressure vessel components only. It contained flat specimens with defects on one side and models with stress concentrators (nozzles, bolting joints) on the other side. Second part of the program was a part of the LBB (Leak-before-break) project applied to all WWER safety related pipings. Large scale models with defects, located in heterogenous (safe-end) as well as homogenous welds are described.

scholarly journals Shopping centre - a new phenomenon and developing consumer behaviour in the transformation period

Geografie ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Spilková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Social Geography ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Spatial Structures ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Shopping Centre ◽  
Shopping Behaviour ◽  
Shopping Centres

This article deals with the question of large-scale retail concepts and in particular with the phenomenon of shopping centres. First, the issues of location and management of large shopping centres are discussed and basic problematical aspects of shopping centres are indicated. The situation of shopping centres and hypermarkets and their development in the Czech Republic are also shortly described. The second part of the article characterises emerging consumer behaviour and some ways of research into this question within this specific field of geography. Foreign experience and research methods concerning consumer behaviour are used in the study of the situation in the Czech Republic. A new model of developing shopping behaviour of customers in transforming economies is postulated. The model follows the basic perspective of social geography, i.e. the interaction between social processes and spatial structures.

scholarly journals Vývoj komunikačního prostředí simulátoru na podporu řešení krizových situací

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Jiří Barta ◽  
◽  
Jiří Kalenda
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Crisis Communication ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Crisis Preparedness ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Considerable Impact

Exercises of the crisis management authorities, which test and verify both plans and capabilities, form part of the crisis preparedness. This article deals with the preparation and implementation of the exercise of crisis management authorities in the Czech Republic. The first part of the article deals with the preparation and putting into practice of crisis preparedness training using software and simulation tools and selected modules, tested at the gas supplies breakdown of large scale. Next part of the article focuses on the training of the crisis management bodies, describing all preparation and implementation phases. The results of the exercise were applied in an evaluation, which detected problems in the field of crisis communication. The exercises tested a simulator, which is being developed. This simulator allowed to record communication and thereby to create conditions similar to the real situation. Simulation has a considerable impact on preparedness due to the possibility to test and verify plans and capabilities of included bodies, identify deficiencies and create an environment for improvements.

Large-Scale Tests Performed in Support of LBB Projects Applied to WWER Type NPPs in the Czech Republic in Years 1992–1994

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Lauerova ◽  
Jiri Palyza ◽  
Jiri Zdarek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Limit Load ◽  
Computational Results ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Normal Operating ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Large Scale Tests ◽  
Stable Tearing

In the paper, an overview of large-scale experiments performed on components of WWER primary circuits within several LBB projects conducted in the Czech Republic in years 1992 – 1994 is presented. The tested components were replicas of the real ones; they contained a through-wall crack and were loaded by pressure and bending moment in two stages, as appropriate according to the LBB methodology. All tested components exhibited stable behaviour under normal operating loading superposed with safe shutdown earthquake loading (NOC + SSE) applied during 1st stage of experiment. During 2nd stage of experiment, under loading by bending moment only, the models usually exhibited stable tearing of the crack, in some cases limit load (maximum force at loading controlled by displacement) was reached. In the paper, the experiments are briefly described, with presenting the main experimental and (in some cases) FE computational results.

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