Fungsi Pengawasan Partisipatif Dalam Mewujudkan Pemilu Demokratis

The involvement of the community in the political process is very necessary to be considered as the existence of political apathy in the general election. The political process can be said to be democratic when the community is the main actor in making political decisions, so that democracy guarantees the participation of the community itself. Participatory election supervision is a joint way of how the community can participate in supervising both campaigns, calm periods and election day by transforming moral strength into strength. with the consequence of having knowledge and skills about electoral and monitoring techniques. The main problem in this research is how to implement participatory supervision in realizing democratic elections?. The results show that participatory supervision plays a strategic role in the formation of responsive and impartial electoral law, implementation of election law by supervisors at the field level and the formation of a community legal culture/culture that can support the creation of participatory supervision for the realization of democratic elections in 2024.

KAJIAN HUKUM TERHADAP PERANGKAT DESA YANG IKUT SERTA DALAM KAMPANYE PEMILU DI KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR

The general election or regional head election (hereinafter referred to as the Regional Head Election) in a country is an effort to realize good governance and the realization of a democratic state. However, it raises legal problems in the field, such as the occurrence of the attitudes of state officials or state apparatus in this case, one of which is village officials who participate in efforts to win one of the candidates for election and post-conflict local election. This needs to be investigated through legal studies using normative legal research methods, with legal research sources namely primary legal materials and secondary legal materials and the analysis used in this study using qualitative analysis. The Village Head is one part of the Government Bureaucracy which has been clearly regulated in the Election Law. All government bureaucracies may not be involved or support one candidate, including one of them is the Village Head, but in practice there are still many Village Heads who support certain candidates. In article 66 clause 2 part C about The General Election Commission Regulation Number 7 of 2015 was emphasized in the campaign, candidate pairs and/or campaign teams are prohibited from involving “village head or other designations/lurah and village apparatus or other designations/kelurahan.” The prohibition to include village heads and village apparatus is contained in Article 280 paragraph (2) of the Election Law. It is clear that if the campaign involves the village apparatus, it is included in the election violation and is included in an election crime and can be given a criminal sanction if it is proven to have committed an election crime. Pemilihan umum ataupun juga pemilihan kepala daerah (yang selanjutnya disebut dengan Pemilukada) dalam suatu negara merupakan upaya untuk mewujudkan pemerintahan yang baik serta terwujudnya negara demokrasi. Namun menimbulkan persoalan-persoalah hukum di lapangan seperti terjadinya sikap-sikap aparat negara atau perangkat-perangkat negara dalam hal ini salah satunya adalah perangkat desa yang ikut serta dalam upaya memenangkan salah satu calon peserta pemilu maupun pemilukada. Hal ini perlu diteliti melalui kajian hukum dengan metode penelitian hukum normatif, dengan sumber penelitian hukum yakni bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder serta analisa yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan analisis kualitatif. Kepala Desa merupakan salah satu bagian dari Birokrasi Pemerintah yang telah diatur secara jelas di dalam Undang-Undang Pemilu. Semua birokrasi pemerintahan tidak boleh terlibat ataupun mendukung salah satu calon termasuk salah satunya adalah Kepala Desa namun dalam pelaksanaannya masih banyak seorang Kepala Desa menjadi pendukung bagi calon tertentu. Pada pasal 66 ayat 2 bagian C Peraturan Komisi Pemilihan Umum Nomor 7 tahun 2015 ditegaskan dalam kampanye, pasangan calon dan/atau tim kampanye dilarang melibatkan “kepala desa atau sebutan lain/lurah dan perangkat desa atau sebutan lain/kelurahan ”Larangan mengikut sertakan kepala desa dan perangkat desa terdapat dalam Pasal 280 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Pemilu. Jelas bahwa apabila dalam kampanye melibatkan dan perangkat desa termasuk dalam pelanggaran pemilu dan masuk dalam tindak pidana pemilu dan dapat diberi sanksi berupa pidana apabila terbukti melakukan tindak pidana pemilu.

ON THE CONCEPTS «ELECTORAL LEGISLATION» AND «LEGISLATION ON ELECTIONS»

The terms «electoral lagislation» and «lagislation on elections» in the legal literature are used to identify the election law. The author does not agree with their identity and suggests to consider them in a broad and narrow sense. The electoral legislation should be considered in a broad sense, as it governs electoral legal relations not only by electoral laws but also by rules contained in related laws. Lagislation on elections forms the main part of election law.

INTERPRETATION OF OPEN LEGAL POLICY BY THE CONSTITUTIONAL JUDGES IN JUDICIAL REVIEW OF PARLIAMENTARY THRESHOLDS

This study attempted to discuss the interpretation of open legal policy by constitutional judges in terms of reviewing legislation related to the legal norms of parliamentary thresholds. Through conceptual and statutory approaches, this study tries to examine the ways or models of interpretation conducted by constitutional judges. This research uses Aharon Barak's thinking on the concept of legal interpretation a benchmark and an analytical tool. The results of this study show that the interpretation conducted by the constitutional judge relating to a norm that is considered an open legal policy is appropriate. This research is expected to help academics and legal practitioners, especially with regard to election law to be able to dig deeper into models of legal interpretation, not only based on the idea of Aharon Barak but also by other thinkers or experts.

LIABILITY FOR VIOLATION OF ELECTION LAW

This article analyzes liability for violations of electoral legislation, their peculiarity, the procedure and conditions for their application.The types of constitutional, administrative and criminal liability for violation of electoral legislation, as well as their features, have been disclosed.At the same time, the similarities and differences of each type of responsibility, theoretical and practical aspects of their application are analyzed.Keywords: elections, a responsibility, legal responsibility, constitutional and legal responsibility, administrative responsibility, criminal liability

Do elections accelerate the COVID-19 pandemic?

Elections define representative democracies but also produce spikes in physical mobility if voters need to travel to polling places. In this paper, we examine whether large-scale, in-person elections propagate the spread of COVID-19. We exploit a natural experiment from the Czech Republic, which biannually renews mandates in one-third of Senate constituencies that rotate according to the 1995 election law. We show that in the second and third weeks after the 2020 elections (held on October 9–10), new COVID-19 infections grew significantly faster in voting compared to non-voting constituencies. A temporarily related peak in hospital admissions and essentially no changes in test positivity rates suggest that the acceleration was not merely due to increased testing. The acceleration did not occur in the population above 65, consistently with strategic risk-avoidance by older voters. Our results have implications for postal voting reforms or postponing of large-scale, in-person (electoral) events during viral outbreaks.

Presidential election law will harden Libya divisions

Headline LIBYA: Presidential election law will harden divisions