Uptake and synthesis of compatible solutes as microbial stress responses to high-osmolality environments

1998 ◽  
Vol 170 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Kempf ◽  
E. Bremer
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
High Osmolality ◽  
Microbial Stress

scholarly journals Primed to be strong, primed to be fast: modeling benefits of microbial stress responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Wesener ◽  
Britta Tietjen
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Early Stress ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Microbial Stress ◽  
Population Performance

ABSTRACT Organisms are prone to different stressors and have evolved various defense mechanisms. One such defense mechanism is priming, where a mild preceding stress prepares the organism toward an improved stress response. This improved response can strongly vary, and primed organisms have been found to respond with one of three response strategies: a shorter delay to stress, a faster buildup of their response or a more intense response. However, a universal comparative assessment, which response is superior under a given environmental setting, is missing. We investigate the benefits of the three improved responses for microorganisms with an ordinary differential equation model, simulating the impact of an external stress on a microbial population that is either naïve or primed. We systematically assess the resulting population performance for different costs associated with priming and stress conditions. Our results show that independent of stress type and priming costs, the stronger primed response is most beneficial for longer stress phases, while the faster and earlier responses increase population performance and survival probability under short stresses. Competition increases priming benefits and promotes the early stress response. This dependence on the ecological context highlights the importance of including primed response strategies into microbial stress ecology.

Microbial stress responses

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1374-1375
Author(s):  
Lawrence P. Wackett
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Microbial Stress

scholarly journals Haloadaptative Responses of Aspergillus sydowii to Extreme Water Deprivation: Morphology, Compatible Solutes, and Oxidative Stress at NaCl Saturation

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Irina Jiménez-Gómez ◽  
Gisell Valdés-Muñoz ◽  
Tonatiuh Moreno-Perlin ◽  
Rosa R. Mouriño-Pérez ◽  
María del Rayo Sánchez-Carbente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Aspergillus Sydowii ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Water activity (aw) is critical for microbial growth, as it is severely restricted at aw < 0.90. Saturating NaCl concentrations (~5.0 M) induce extreme water deprivation (aw ≅ 0.75) and cellular stress responses. Halophilic fungi have cellular adaptations that enable osmotic balance and ionic/oxidative stress prevention to grow at high salinity. Here we studied the morphology, osmolyte synthesis, and oxidative stress defenses of the halophile Aspergillus sydowii EXF-12860 at 1.0 M and 5.13 M NaCl. Colony growth, pigmentation, exudate, and spore production were inhibited at NaCl-saturated media. Additionally, hyphae showed unpolarized growth, lower diameter, and increased septation, multicellularity and branching compared to optimal NaCl concentration. Trehalose, mannitol, arabitol, erythritol, and glycerol were produced in the presence of both 1.0 M and 5.13 M NaCl. Exposing A. sydowii cells to 5.13 M NaCl resulted in oxidative stress evidenced by an increase in antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation biomarkers. Also, genes involved in cellular antioxidant defense systems were upregulated. This is the most comprehensive study that investigates the micromorphology and the adaptative cellular response of different non-enzymatic and enzymatic oxidative stress biomarkers in halophilic filamentous fungi.

Salt stress responses in a geographically diverse collection of Eutrema/Thellungiella spp. accessions

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Ping Lee ◽  
Christian Funk ◽  
Alexander Erban ◽  
Joachim Kopka ◽  
Karin I. Köhl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Thellungiella Salsuginea ◽  
Natural Genetic Variation ◽  
Eutrema Salsugineum ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Plant Salt Tolerance

Salinity strongly impairs plant growth and development. Natural genetic variation can be used to dissect complex traits such as plant salt tolerance. We used 16 accessions of the halophytic species Eutrema salsugineum (previously called Thellungiella salsuginea (Pallas) O.E.Schulz, Thellungiella halophila (C.A.Meyer) O.E. Schulz and Thellungiella botschantzevii D.A.German to investigate their natural variation in salinity tolerance. Although all accessions showed survival and growth up to 700 mM NaCl in hydroponic culture, their relative salt tolerance varied considerably. All accessions accumulated the compatible solutes proline, sucrose, glucose and fructose and the polyamines putrescine and spermine. Relative salt tolerance was not correlated with the content of any of the investigated solutes. We compared the metabolomes and transcriptomes of Arabidopsis thaliana (L. Heynh.) Col-0 and E. salsugineum Yukon under control and salt stress conditions. Higher content of several metabolites in Yukon compared with Col-0 under control conditions indicated metabolic pre-adaptation to salinity in the halophyte. Most metabolic salt responses in Yukon took place at 200 mM NaCl, whereas few additional changes were observed between 200 and 500 mM. The opposite trend was observed for the transcriptome, with only little overlap between salt-regulated genes in the two species. In addition, only about half of the salt-regulated Yukon unigenes had orthologues in Col-0.

scholarly journals Sugar Alcohols, Salt Stress, and Fungal Resistance: Polyols—Multifunctional Plant Protection?

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Williamson ◽  
Dianne B. Jennings ◽  
Wei-Wen Guo ◽  
D. Mason Pharr ◽  
Marilyn Ehrenshaft
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Plant Culture ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions

The traditional use of polyols as osmotica in plant culture media is based on the assumption that polyols are not taken up or metabolized by cells. In reality, polyols are significant photosynthetic products and efficiently utilized metabolites in a large number of plants. In addition to these metabolic roles, initial interest in polyols focused primarily on their function as osmoprotectants. This was hypothesized to be due to their ability to act as compatible solutes. More recent research, however, indicates much broader roles for polyols in stress responses based on their significant antioxidant capacity. These include protection against salt and photooxidative stress as well as a potential role in plant pathogen interactions.

scholarly journals Errors during Gene Expression: Single-Cell Heterogeneity, Stress Resistance, and Microbe-Host Interactions

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Evans ◽  
Yongqiang Fan ◽  
Kalyn Weiss ◽  
Jiqiang Ling
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Cell Heterogeneity ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Physiological Impact ◽  
Microbial Stress ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACTGene expression has been considered a highly accurate process, and deviation from such fidelity has been shown previously to be detrimental for the cell. More recently, increasing evidence has supported the notion that the accuracy of gene expression is indeed flexibly variable. The levels of errors during gene expression differ from condition to condition and even from cell to cell within genetically identical populations grown under the same conditions. The different levels of errors resulting from inaccurate gene expression are now known to play key roles in regulating microbial stress responses and host interactions. This minireview summarizes the recent development in understanding the level, regulation, and physiological impact of errors during gene expression.

scholarly journals Expression of the Malus sieversii NF-YB21 Encoded Gene Confers Tolerance to Osmotic Stresses in Arabidopsis thaliana

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 9777
Author(s):  
Chen Feng ◽  
Yanyan Wang ◽  
Yueting Sun ◽  
Xiang Peng ◽  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Malus Sieversii ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Physiological Analysis

Drought is the main environmental factor that limits the yield and quality of apples (Malus × domestica) grown in arid and semi-arid regions. Nuclear factor Ys (NF-Ys) are important transcription factors involved in the regulation of plant growth, development, and various stress responses. However, the function of NF-Y genes is poorly understood in apples. Here, we identified 43 NF-Y genes in the genome of apples and conducted an initial functional characterization of the apple NF-Y. Expression analysis of NF-Y members in M. sieversii revealed that a large number of NF-Ys were highly expressed in the roots compared with the leaves, and a large proportion of NF-Y genes responded to drought treatment. Furthermore, heterologous expression of MsNF-YB21, which was significantly upregulated by drought, led to a longer root length and, thus, conferred improved osmotic and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. Moreover, the physiological analysis of MsNF-YB21 overexpression revealed enhanced antioxidant systems, including antioxidant enzymes and compatible solutes. In addition, genes encoding catalase (AtCAT2, AtCAT3), superoxide dismutase (AtFSD1, AtFSD3, AtCSD1), and peroxidase (AtPER12, AtPER42, AtPER47, AtPER51) showed upregulated expression in the MsNF-YB21 overexpression lines. These results for the MsNF-Y gene family provide useful information for future studies on NF-Ys in apples, and the functional analysis of MsNF-YB21 supports it as a potential target in the improvement of apple drought tolerance via biotechnological strategies.

Evaluating the role of microbial stress response mechanisms in causing biological treatment system upset

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.G. Love ◽  
C.B. Bott
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Environmental Perturbations ◽  
Minimal Damage ◽  
Monitoring Technologies ◽  
Microbial Stress

It is known that microbial stress mechanisms play a significant role in short-term microbial adaptation to environmental perturbations, and activation of these mechanisms enhance a cell's chance for surviving the perturbation with minimal damage. Although the target of these mechanisms is protective at the cellular level, the effect may be disruptive at the macroscopic level in engineered bioreactor systems. In this paper, it is proposed that these mechanisms are activated in response to wastewater influent perturbations and may be a significant cause of activated sludge treatment process upset. Selected microbial stress responses are reviewed and hypotheses indicating their potential role in treatment process upset are proposed. A research approach that was previously used to identify the mechanistic cause of deflocculation during perturbation by electrophilic chemicals is summarized, and a protocol for future experiments geared toward establishing source-cause-effect relationships for a range of wastewater upset conditions is put forth. Identifying source-cause-effect relationships will provide a basis for development of new monitoring technologies and operational strategies for systems under the influence of influent chemical perturbations.

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