scholarly journals Electrochemistry for neurochemical analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley E. Ross ◽  
Alexander G. Zestos
Keyword(s):  
Neurochemical Analysis

The enteric nervous system of echinoderms: unexpected complexity revealed by neurochemical analysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-873
Author(s):  
J.E. Garcia-Arraras ◽  
M. Rojas-Soto ◽  
L.B. Jimenez ◽  
L. Diaz-Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Radial Nerve ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Nerve Ring ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Distinct Component ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Neurochemical Analysis

Echinoderms are one of the most important groups of metazoans from the point of view of evolution, ecology and abundance. Nevertheless, their nervous system has been little studied. Particularly unexplored have been the components of the nervous system that lie outside the ectoneural and hyponeural divisions of the main nerve ring and radial nerve cords. We have gathered information on the nervous components of the digestive tract of echinoderms and demonstrate an unexpected level of complexity in terms of neurons, nerve plexi, their location and neurochemistry. The nervous elements within the digestive system consist of a distinct component of the echinoderm nervous system, termed the enteric nervous system. However, the association between the enteric nervous system and the ectoneural and hyponeural components of the nervous system is not well established. Our findings also emphasize the importance of the large lacunae in the neurobiology of echinoderms, a feature that should be addressed in future studies.

Characterisation of a Platinum-based Electrochemical Biosensor for Real-time Neurochemical Analysis of Choline

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keeley L. Baker ◽  
Fiachra B. Bolger ◽  
Michelle M. Doran ◽  
John P. Lowry
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensor ◽  
Neurochemical Analysis

scholarly journals Hippocampal hub neurons maintain distinct connectivity throughout their lifetime

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Bocchio ◽  
Claire Gouny ◽  
David Angulo-Garcia ◽  
Tom Toulat ◽  
Thomas Tressard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Cell Assemblies ◽  
Population Synchrony ◽  
Neurochemical Analysis ◽  
In Vivo Calcium Imaging

Abstract The temporal embryonic origins of cortical GABA neurons are critical for their specialization. In the neonatal hippocampus, GABA cells born the earliest (ebGABAs) operate as ‘hubs’ by orchestrating population synchrony. However, their adult fate remains largely unknown. To fill this gap, we have examined CA1 ebGABAs using a combination of electrophysiology, neurochemical analysis, optogenetic connectivity mapping as well as ex vivo and in vivo calcium imaging. We show that CA1 ebGABAs not only operate as hubs during development, but also maintain distinct morpho-physiological and connectivity profiles, including a bias for long-range targets and local excitatory inputs. In vivo, ebGABAs are activated during locomotion, correlate with CA1 cell assemblies and display high functional connectivity. Hence, ebGABAs are specified from birth to ensure unique functions throughout their lifetime. In the adult brain, this may take the form of a long-range hub role through the coordination of cell assemblies across distant regions.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Neurochemical Analysis of Focal Excitotoxic Lesions in Models of Neurodegenerative Illness Using Spectroscopic Imaging

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce G. Jenkins ◽  
Emmanuel Brouillet ◽  
Yin-Ching I. Chen ◽  
Elsdon Storey ◽  
Jörg B. Schulz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Selective Inhibition ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Aminooxyacetic Acid ◽  
Glutamate Antagonists ◽  
Systemic Injection ◽  
Neurochemical Analysis ◽  
Intracellular Energy

Water-suppressed chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging was used to detect neurochemical alterations in vivo in neurotoxin-induced rat models of Huntington's and Parkinson's disease. The toxins were: N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP), malonate, and azide. Local or systemic injection of these compounds caused secondary excitotoxic lesions by selective inhibition of mitochondrial respiration that gave rise to elevated lactate concentrations in the striatum. In addition, decreased N-acetylaspartate (NAA) concentrations were noted at the lesion site over time. Measurements of lactate washout kinetics demonstrated that t1/2 followed the order: 3-NP ≈ MPP+ » AOAA ≈ malonate, which parallels the expected lifetimes of the neurotoxins based on their mechanisms of action. Further increases in lactate were also caused by intravenous infusion of glucose. At least part of the excitotoxicity is mediated through indirect glutamate pathways because lactate production and lesion size were diminished using unilateral decortectomies (blockade of glutamatergic input) or glutamate antagonists (MK-801). Lesion size and lactate were also diminished by energy repletion with ubiquinone and nicotinamide. Lactate measurements determined by magnetic resonance agreed with biochemical measurements made using freeze clamp techniques. Lesion size as measured with MR, although larger by 30%, agreed well with lesion size determined histologically. These experiments provide evidence for impairment of intracellular energy metabolism leading to indirect excitotoxicity for all the compounds mentioned before and demonstrate the feasibility of small-volume metabolite imaging for in vivo neurochemical analysis.

?-Ethyltryptamine (etryptamine): An electroencephalographic, behavioral and neurochemical analysis

1963 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wm. G. Steiner ◽  
G. R. Pscheidt ◽  
E. Costa ◽  
H. E. Himwich
Keyword(s):  
Neurochemical Analysis
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