scholarly journals Postural control during upper body locomotor-like movements: similar synergies based on dissimilar muscle modes

2008 ◽  
Vol 193 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessander Danna-Dos-Santos ◽  
Elena Yu. Shapkova ◽  
Alexandra L. Shapkova ◽  
Adriana M. Degani ◽  
Mark L. Latash
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Muscle Modes

scholarly journals Case Studies in Neuroscience: A dissociation of balance and posture demonstrated by camptocormia

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. St George ◽  
V. S. Gurfinkel ◽  
J. Kraakevik ◽  
J. G. Nutt ◽  
F. B. Horak
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Voluntary Attention ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Postural Alignment ◽  
Passive Rotation ◽  
Custom Made

Upright stance in humans requires an intricate exchange between the neural mechanisms that control balance and those that control posture; however, the distinction between these control systems is hard to discern in healthy subjects. By studying balance and postural control of a participant with camptocormia — an involuntary flexion of the trunk during standing that resolves when supine — a divergence between balance and postural control was revealed. A kinematic and kinetic investigation of standing and walking showed a stereotyped flexion of the upper body by almost 80° over a few minutes, and yet the participant’s ability to control center of mass within the base of support and to compensate for external perturbations remained intact. This unique case also revealed the involvement of automatic, tonic control of the paraspinal muscles during standing and the effects of attention. Although strength was reduced and MRI showed a reduction in muscle mass, there was sufficient strength to maintain an upright posture under voluntary control and when using geste antagoniste maneuvers or “sensory tricks” from visual, auditory, and haptic biofeedback. Dual tasks that either increased or decreased the attention given to postural alignment would decrease or increase the postural flexion, respectively. The custom-made “twister” device that measured axial resistance to slow passive rotation revealed abnormalities in axial muscle tone distribution during standing. The results suggest that the disorder in this case was due to a disruption in the automatic, tonic drive to the postural muscles and that myogenic changes were secondary. NEW & NOTEWORTHY By studying an idiopathic camptocormia case with a detailed biomechanical and sensorimotor approach, we have demonstrated unique insights into the neural control of human bipedalism 1) balance and postural control cannot be considered the same neural process, as there is a stereotyped abnormal flexed posture, without balance deficits, associated with camptocormia, and 2) posture during standing is controlled by automatic axial tone but “sensory tricks” involving sensory biofeedback to direct voluntary attention to postural alignment can override, when required.

scholarly journals Influence of typical handball characteristics on upper body posture and postural control in male handball players

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ohlendorf ◽  
S. Salzer ◽  
R. Haensel ◽  
J. Rey ◽  
L. Maltry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Upper Body Posture

scholarly journals Attenuation of Upper Body Accelerations during Gait: Piloting an Innovative Assessment Tool for Parkinson’s Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Buckley ◽  
Brook Galna ◽  
Lynn Rochester ◽  
Claudia Mazzà
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Current Investigation ◽  
Lower Back

The objective of the current investigation was to explore whether upper body accelerations obtained during gait provide sensitive measures of postural control in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Thirteen people with PD (70±11years) and nineteen age-matched controls (70±7years) walked continuously for two minutes while wearing three inertial sensors located on their lower back (L5), shoulder level (C7), and head. Magnitude (root mean square (RMS)), attenuation (attenuation coefficient), and smoothness (Harmonic ratios, HR) of the accelerations were calculated. People with PD demonstrated greater RMS, particularly in the mediolateral direction, but similar harmonic ratio of head accelerations compared to controls. In addition, they did not attenuate accelerations through the trunk and neck as well as control participants. Our findings indicate that measuring upper body movement provides unique information regarding postural control in PD and that poor attenuation of acceleration from the pelvis to the head contributes to impaired head control. This information is simple to measure and appears to be sensitive to PD and, consequently, is proposed to benefit researchers and clinicians.

scholarly journals Immersive virtual reality interferes with default head-trunk coordination strategies in young children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenifer C. Miehlbradt ◽  
Luigi F. Cuturi ◽  
Silvia Zanchi ◽  
Monica Gori ◽  
Silvestro Micera
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Coordination Pattern ◽  
Immersive Virtual Reality ◽  
Visuomotor Integration ◽  
Coordination Strategies ◽  
Sensory Environment

AbstractThe acquisition of postural control is an elaborate process, which relies on the balanced integration of multisensory inputs. Current models suggest that young children rely on an ‘en-block’ control of their upper body before sequentially acquiring a segmental control around the age of 7, and that they resort to the former strategy under challenging conditions. While recent works suggest that a virtual sensory environment alters visuomotor integration in healthy adults, little is known about the effects on younger individuals.Here we show that this coordination pattern is disrupted by an immersive virtual reality framework where a steering role is assigned to the trunk, which causes 6- to 8-year-olds to employ an ill-adapted segmental strategy. These results provide an alternate trajectory of motor development and emphasize the immaturity of postural control at these ages.

Coordination of hip and spine to maintain equilibrium in unstable sitting revealed by spectral analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour Abdullah Alshehri ◽  
Wolbert van den Hoorn ◽  
David Klyne ◽  
Paul W. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Amplitude Spectrum ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Poor Control ◽  
Lower Lumbar ◽  
Eye Closure ◽  
Healthy Participants

Unstable sitting paradigms have been used to assess the trunk's contribution to postural control. The coordination of spine or hip with an unstable seat that underpin postural control during this task remain unclear. This study aimed to address this issue using analysis in the frequency domain. Seventy-two healthy participants maintained balance while sitting on a seat fixed to a hemisphere. Angular motion of seat, spinal regions (lower lumber, lumbar, upper lumbar and thoracic) and hip was recorded with a 3-D motion capture system. Coordination between spinal regions and hip with the seat was quantified using cross-spectral analyses. In the sagittal plane; amplitude spectrum of hip and lumbar segments were higher than other segments, coherence between these segments and the seat was high, and their motion was generally opposite in direction to the seat. In the frontal plane; amplitude spectrum of lower lumbar and lumbar segments, but not the hip, were higher than other segments, and coherently moved in the opposite direction to the seat. Segments closest to the seat made a direction-specific and greater contribution to maintenance of equilibrium than upper body segments, which were more limited during unstable sitting. Although eye closure and higher body mass index involved larger amplitude of center of pressure movement, rather than inferring poor control, this was associated with enhanced coordination between segments and seat. Understanding how hip/spine segments are coordinated with the seat is important to interpret postural strategies used to maintain equilibrium and to interpret observations for other populations (e.g., back pain).

scholarly journals Standard values of the upper body posture and postural control: a study protocol

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Ohlendorf ◽  
Christoph Mickel ◽  
Natalie Filmann ◽  
Eileen M. Wanke ◽  
David A. Groneberg
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Study Protocol ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Upper Body Posture ◽  
Standard Values

scholarly journals Immersive virtual reality interferes with default head–trunk coordination strategies in young children

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenifer Miehlbradt ◽  
Luigi F. Cuturi ◽  
Silvia Zanchi ◽  
Monica Gori ◽  
Silvestro Micera
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Coordination Pattern ◽  
Immersive Virtual Reality ◽  
Visuomotor Integration ◽  
Coordination Strategies ◽  
Sensory Environment

AbstractThe acquisition of postural control is an elaborate process, which relies on the balanced integration of multisensory inputs. Current models suggest that young children rely on an ‘en-block’ control of their upper body before sequentially acquiring a segmental control around the age of 7, and that they resort to the former strategy under challenging conditions. While recent works suggest that a virtual sensory environment alters visuomotor integration in healthy adults, little is known about the effects on younger individuals. Here we show that this default coordination pattern is disrupted by an immersive virtual reality framework where a steering role is assigned to the trunk, which causes 6- to 8-year-olds to employ an ill-adapted segmental strategy. These results provide an alternate trajectory of motor development and emphasize the immaturity of postural control at these ages.

Permeability of the microcirculation in area postrema of rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 348-349
Author(s):  
Shams M. Ghoneim ◽  
Frank M. Faraci ◽  
Gary L. Baumbach
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Area Postrema ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Acute Hypertension ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Ultrastructural Characteristics ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Adjacent Brain

The area postrema is a circumventricular organ in the brain stem and is one of the regions in the brain that lacks a fully functional blood-brain barrier. Recently, we found that disruption of the microcirculation during acute hypertension is greater in area postrema than in the adjacent brain stem. In contrast, hyperosmolar disruption of the microcirculation is greater in brain stem. The objective of this study was to compare ultrastructural characteristics of the microcirculation in area postrema and adjacent brain stem.We studied 5 Sprague-Dawley rats. Horseradish peroxidase was injected intravenously and allowed to circulate for 1, 5 or 15 minutes. Following perfusion of the upper body with 2.25% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate, the brain stem was removed, embedded in agar, and chopped into 50-70 μm sections with a TC-Sorvall tissue chopper. Sections of brain stem were incubated for 1 hour in a solution of 3,3' diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (0.05%) in 0.05M Tris buffer with 1% H2O2.

Mid-aortic syndrome: computed tomography angiography depicting extensive collateral circulation in an 11-year-old patient with thoracoabdominal aortic coarctation

VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krohn ◽  
Gebauer ◽  
Hübler ◽  
Beck
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Collateral Circulation ◽  
Intestinal Ischemia ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Descending Aorta ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Blood Pressures

The mid-aortic syndrome is an uncommon clinical condition characterized by severe narrowing of the descending aorta, usually with involvement of its renal and visceral branches, presenting with uncontrollably elevated blood pressures of the upper body, renal and cardiac failure, intestinal ischemia, encephalopathy symptoms and claudication of the lower limbs, although clinical presentation is variable. In this article we report the case of an eleven-year-old patient with the initial diagnosis of a mid-aortic syndrome and present the computed tomography angiography pictures and reconstructions before and after surgical therapy.

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