A comparative experimental study of visual brain event-related potentials to a working memory task: virtual reality head-mounted display versus a desktop computer screen

AbstractVirtual reality head mounted display (VR HMD) systems are increasingly utilised in combination with electroencephalography (EEG) in the experimental study of cognitive tasks. The aim of our investigation was to determine the similarities/differences between VR HMD and the computer screen (CS) in response to an n-back working memory task by comparing visual electrophysiological event-related potential (ERP) waveforms (N1/P1/P3 components). The same protocol was undertaken for VR HMD and CS with participants wearing the same EEG headcap. ERP waveforms obtained with the VR HMD environment followed a similar time course to those acquired in CS. The P3 mean and peak amplitudes obtained in VR HMD were not significantly different to those obtained in CS. In contrast, the N1 component was significantly higher in mean and peak amplitudes for the VR HMD environment compared to CS at the frontal electrodes. Significantly higher P1 mean and peak amplitudes were found at the occipital region compared to the temporal for VR HMD. Our results show that successful acquisition of ERP components to a working memory task is achievable by combining VR HMD with EEG. In addition, the higher amplitude N1/P1 components seen in VR HMD indicates the potential utility of this VR modality in the investigation of early ERPs. In conclusion, the combination of VR HMD with EEG/ERP would be a useful approach to advance the study of cognitive function in experimental brain research.

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P9.4 Cognitive event-related potentials: method for testing features of working memory using the Sternberg memory task

Clinical Neurophysiology ◽

10.1016/s1388-2457(11)60358-1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 122 ◽

pp. S102

Author(s):

M. Krbot ◽

A.B. Sefer ◽

M. Cifrek ◽

K. Krbot ◽

V. Isgum

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Memory Task ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Cognitive Event

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Association Between the Visual N1-P2 Complex and Neuroticism

Clinical EEG and Neuroscience ◽

10.1177/15500594211039937 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 155005942110399

Author(s):

Bowen Xiu ◽

Christopher Andanty ◽

Nasia Dai ◽

Clement C. Zai ◽

Ariel Graff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Error Detection ◽

Memory Task ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Significant Performance ◽

Impaired Attention ◽

Electroencephalographic Activity ◽

Healthy Participants ◽

P200 Amplitude

Neuroticism is a personality trait associated with impaired attention, memory, and error detection. Thus, the present study investigated the visual N100 and P200 event-related potentials components associated with attention using a 2-back working memory task in healthy neurotic and nonneurotic participants, evaluated using the Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness Five Factor Inventory. A total of 35 healthy participants were asked to perform the 2-back task while recording electroencephalographic activity from 64 electrodes on the scalp. Analysis of the N100 and P200 amplitude and latency in high neuroticism and low neuroticism subjects showed an increased P200 amplitude and latency for high neuroticism subjects in the frontal and parietal regions, respectively. However, there were no significant performance differences between the high and low neuroticism subjects for the 2-back working memory task. Therefore, the results suggest that neuroticism is associated with the P200 component elicited in the context of a working memory task.

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Inspiring Movement — Physical Activity in a Virtual Sea as a Driver for Ecological Awareness

International Journal of Semantic Computing ◽

10.1142/s1793351x21400158 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (04) ◽

pp. 539-559

Author(s):

Carolin Strassmann ◽

Alexander Arntz ◽

Sabrina C. Eimler

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Experimental Study ◽

Working Memory ◽

Virtual Reality ◽

Behavioral Change ◽

Recall Performance ◽

Flow Experience ◽

Ecological Awareness ◽

Head Mounted Display ◽

Raising Awareness

As environmental pollution continues to expand, new ways for raising awareness for the consequences need to be explored. Virtual reality has emerged as an effective tool for behavioral change. This paper investigates if virtual reality applications controlled through physical activity can support an even stronger effect, because they enhance attention and recall performance by stimulating working memory through motor functions. This was tested in an experimental study ([Formula: see text]) using a virtual reality head-mounted display in combination with the ICAROS fitness device enabling participants to explore either a plastic-polluted or a non-polluted sea. Results indicated that using a regular controller elicits more presence and a more intense Flow experience than the ICAROS condition, which people controlled via their physical activity. Moreover, the plastic-polluted stimulus was more effective in inducing people’s stated tendency to change their attitude than a non-polluted sea.

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Event-Related Potentials in Young and Elderly Adults during a Visual Spatial Working Memory Task

Clinical EEG and Neuroscience ◽

10.1177/155005940403500408 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 185-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Verner Knott ◽

Anne Millar ◽

Louise Dulude ◽

Lisa Bradford ◽

Fahad Alwahhabi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Spatial Working Memory ◽

Memory Task ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Elderly Adults ◽

Visual Spatial ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Visual Spatial Working Memory

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Neural Differentiation of Lexico-Syntactic Categories or Semantic Features? Event-Related Potential Evidence for Both

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/08989290260045819 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 561-577 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Marion L. Kellenbach ◽

Albertus A. Wijers ◽

Marjolijn Hovius ◽

Juul Mulder ◽

Gijsbertus Mulder

Keyword(s):

Memory Task ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Semantic Knowledge ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Semantic Features ◽

Grammatical Class ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Lexical Semantic Knowledge ◽

Processing Differences ◽

Attribute Type

Event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to investigate whether processing differences between nouns and verbs can be accounted for by the differential salience of visual-perceptual and motor attributes in their semantic specifications. Three subclasses of nouns and verbs were selected, which differed in their semantic attribute composition (abstract, high visual, high visual and motor). Single visual word presentation with a recognition memory task was used. While multiple robust and parallel ERP effects were observed for both grammatical class and attribute type, there were no interactions between these. This pattern of effects provides support for lexical—semantic knowledge being organized in a manner that takes account both of category-based (grammatical class) and attribute-based distinctions.

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The Effect of Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 (APOE E4) on Visuospatial Working Memory in Healthy Elders and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients: An Event-related Potentials Study

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2064 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S171-S172 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. Gu

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Apolipoprotein E ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

P300 Amplitude ◽

Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽

Time Range ◽

Visuospatial Working Memory ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Competing Interest

IntroductionPrevious studies provided inconsistent evidences for the effect of apolipoprotein E ɛ4 (APOE ɛ4) status on the visuospatial working memory (VSWM). Our study was the first investigation with event-related potential (ERP) to explore the effect of APOE ɛ4 on VSWM in healthy elders and aMCI patients.ObjectiveThe aim was to investigate the effect of APOE ɛ4 on VSWM with event-related potential (ERP) study in healthy elders and aMCI patients.MethodsThirty-nine aMCI patients (27 APOE ɛ4 non-carriers and 12 APOE ɛ4 carriers) and 43 their matched control (25 APOE ɛ4 non-carriers and 18 APOE ɛ4 carriers) performed an N-back task, a VSWM paradigm that manipulated the number of items to be stored in memory.ResultsOur study detected reduced accuracy and delayed mean correct response time in aMCI patients than healthy elders. P300 was elicited by VSWM and its amplitude was lower in aMCI patients at the central-parietal and parietal electrodes than healthy controls. In healthy elders, P300 amplitude declined prior to task performance change in APOE ɛ4 carriers than non-carriers. Regarding aMCI patients, P300 amplitude result revealed exacerbated VSWM deficits in APOE ɛ4 carriers than APOE ɛ4 non-carriers. Additionally, standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography analysis (s-LORETA) result showed enhanced brain activation in right parahippocampal gyrus during P300 time range in APOE ɛ4 carriers than non-carriers in aMCI patients (Fig. 1, Tables 1 and 2).ConclusionsIt demonstrated that P300 amplitude might serve as a biomarker for recognizing aMCI patients and contribute to early detection of worse VSWM in APOE ɛ4 carriers than non-carriers.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

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Brain Processing of Complex Geometric Forms in a Visual Memory Task Increases P2 Amplitude

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci10020114 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 114

Author(s):

Héctor A. Cepeda-Freyre ◽

Gregorio Garcia-Aguilar ◽

Jose R. Eguibar ◽

Carmen Cortes

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Visual Working Memory ◽

Cognitive Processing ◽

Visual Memory ◽

Memory Load ◽

Memory Task ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Test Phase ◽

Related Potentials

We study the cognitive processing of visual working memory in three different conditions of memory load and configuration change. Altering this features has been shown to alter the brain’s processing in memory tasks. Most studies dealing with this issue have used the verbal-phonological modality. We use complex geometric polygons to assess visual working memory in a modified change detection task. Three different types of backgrounds were used to manipulate memory loading and 18 complex geometric polygons to manipulate stimuli configuration. The goal of our study was to test whether the memory load and configuration affect the correct-recall ratios. We expected that increasing visual items loading and changing configuration of items would induce differences in working memory performance. Brain activity related to the task was assessed through event-related potentials (ERP), during the test phase of each trial. Our results showed that visual items loading and changing of item configuration affect working memory on test phase on ERP component P2, but does not affect performance. However frontal related ERP component—P3—was minimally affected by visual memory loading or configuration changing, supporting that working memory is related to a filtering processing in posterior brain regions.

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Mind Wandering and Retrieval from Episodic Memory: A Pilot Event-Related Potential Study

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.102.3.805-818 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 102 (3) ◽

pp. 805-818 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Leigh Martin Riby ◽

Jonathan Smallwood ◽

Valerie P. Gunn

Keyword(s):

Episodic Memory ◽

Memory Task ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Mind Wandering ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Task Completion ◽

Low Frequencies ◽

Line Drawings ◽

Strategic Processes ◽

Related Potentials

The present study investigated the effects of mind wandering (task-unrelated thought) on the subcomponents of episodic memory as reflected by event-related potentials (ERPs). Specifically, individual differences in the pattern of ERP episodic ‘old/new’ effects (left-parietal, right-frontal and central-negativity effects) were examined across groups of participants experiencing either high or low frequencies of task-unrelated thought during encoding. Twenty participants studied lists of words and line drawings in one of two contexts (red versus green coloured boxes). At test, participants discriminated between target (old words or line drawings presented in one colour) and nontargets (old items from the other colour and new items). On completion of the memory task, participants completed the ‘thinking’ component of the Dundee Stress State Questionnaire to provide a retrospective measure of task-unrelated thought. Behavioural data indicated that irrespective of the presence of task-unrelated thought, participants were able to complete the memory task equally well. However, an analysis of ERPs across High and Low task-unrelated thought groups revealed differences in retrieval strategy. Those individuals with infrequent episodes of task-unrelated thought at study used a ‘pure’ recollection strategy (left-parietal effect only). Conversely, those participants experiencing frequent episodes of task-unrelated thought were unable to recollect the stimuli with ease, as indexed by a diminished parietal effect. As a consequence, these participants employed additional strategic processes for task completion, as indexed by an elevated amplitude of central negativity effects. These data are consistent with the decoupling hypothesis of mind wandering which suggests impaired recollection when attention becomes directed away from the task.

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The Role of Spatial Selective Attention in Working Memory for Locations: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/089892900562444 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 840-847 ◽

Cited By ~ 131

Author(s):

Edward Awh ◽

Lourdes Anllo-Vento ◽

Steven A. Hillyard

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Selective Attention ◽

Visual Processing ◽

Spatial Working Memory ◽

Memory Task ◽

Stimulus Display ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Related Potentials ◽

On Line ◽

Multichannel Recordings

We investigated the hypothesis that the covert focusing of spatial attention mediates the on-line maintenance of location information in spatial working memory. During the delay period of a spatial working-memory task, behaviorally irrelevant probe stimuli were flashed at both memorized and nonmemorized locations. Multichannel recordings of event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to assess visual processing of the probes at the different locations. Consistent with the hypothesis of attention-based rehearsal, early ERP components were enlarged in response to probes that appeared at memorized locations. These visual modulations were similar in latency and topography to those observed after explicit manipulations of spatial selective attention in a parallel experimental condition that employed an identical stimulus display.

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