scholarly journals Chewing gum reduces visually induced motion sickness

Author(s):  
Mara Kaufeld ◽  
Katharina De Coninck ◽  
Jennifer Schmidt ◽  
Heiko Hecht

AbstractVisually induced motion sickness (VIMS) is a common side-effect of exposure to virtual reality (VR). Its unpleasant symptoms may limit the acceptance of VR technologies for training or clinical purposes. Mechanical stimulation of the mastoid and diverting attention to pleasant stimuli-like odors or music have been found to ameliorate VIMS. Chewing gum combines both in an easy-to-administer fashion and should thus be an effective countermeasure against VIMS. Our study investigated whether gustatory-motor stimulation by chewing gum leads to a reduction of VIMS symptoms. 77 subjects were assigned to three experimental groups (control, peppermint gum, and ginger gum) and completed a 15-min virtual helicopter flight, using a VR head-mounted display. Before and after VR exposure, we assessed VIMS with the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ), and during the virtual flight once every minute with the Fast Motion Sickness Scale (FMS). Chewing gum (peppermint gum: M = 2.44, SD = 2.67; ginger gum: M = 2.57, SD = 3.30) reduced the peak FMS scores by 2.05 (SE = 0.76) points as compared with the control group (M = 4.56, SD = 3.52), p < 0.01, d = 0.65. Additionally, taste ratings correlated slightly negatively with both the SSQ and the peak FMS scores, suggesting that pleasant taste of the chewing gum is associated with less VIMS. Thus, chewing gum may be useful as an affordable, accepted, and easy-to-access way to mitigate VIMS in numerous applications like education or training. Possible mechanisms behind the effect are discussed.

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanja Hemmerich ◽  
Behrang Keshavarz ◽  
Heiko Hecht

Visually induced motion sickness is an unpleasant but common side-effect of many simulations and VR-applications. We investigated whether an earth-fixed reference frame provided in the simulation is able to reduce motion sickness. To do so, we created a moving starfield that did not contain any indicators of the spatial orientation of the observer. As the observer was simulated to move through the randomly oscillating starfield, a time-to-contact task had to be carried out. Two colored stars on collision course with each other had to be spotted, then they disappeared and the time of their collision had to be judged. Eye-movements, task performance, and motion sickness were recorded. This condition without visual reference to the observer's upright was supplemented with three conditions containing either an earth-fixed fixation cross, an earth-fixed horizon line, or a line that was yoked to the head. Results show that only the earth-fixed horizon was able to significantly reduce visually induced motion sickness. Thus, a mere earth-stationary anchor does not suffice, a clear indication of earth horizontal seems necessary to reap a modest benefit.


Author(s):  
L. James Smart ◽  
Edward W. Otten ◽  
Thomas A. Stoffregen

One of the most frustrating aspects of motion sickness is the apparent lack of predictability, particularly from one context (seasickness) to another (cybersickness). It has been postulated that this lack of predictability is indicative of separate but related disorders. Recent evidence has suggested that the problem may not lie in the disorder itself, but in the measures used to predict it. Based on the predictions of Riccio and Stoffregen (1991) and the findings of Smart, Stoffregen, and Bardy (2002), a secondary analysis was performed using parameters of postural motion in order to classify participants who would later become motion sick across three laboratory (four modes of presentation: moving room (Smart, et al, 2002), high fidelity flight simulator (Stoffregen, et al, 2000) large screen projection, and head mounted display (Otten, 2005)) settings. Results suggest that measures of postural instability may serve as a common, minimally invasive, and predictive index of visually induced motion sickness.


Author(s):  
Mustapha Mouloua ◽  
Janan Smither ◽  
Robert C. Kennedy ◽  
Robert S. Kennedy ◽  
Daniel E. Compton ◽  
...  

This research was designed to empirically examine the effect of adaptation training using a simulated rotary stimulation (SRS) technique on simulation sickness and inducing graded motion sickness through the systematic distortion of the relevant characteristics of two VR devices (VE and optokinetic OKN drum). Forty participants were randomly assigned to either a control (no training with SRS) or experimental (4-day training with SRS) condition. The results indicated that the experimental group who had prior training with SRS reported lower DLQ scores (Mean=2.09) than the control group participants (Mean=4.09) following VE exposure. Similarly, the experimental group who had prior training with SRS reported lower DLQ scores (Mean=1.95) than the control group participants (Mean=3.68) following OKN exposure. With regard to SSQ scores, the experimental group who had prior training with SRS reported significantly lower SSQ scores following the day 5 SRS exposure (Mean= 11.49) than the control group (Mean=1.60). Furthermore, the experimental group who had prior training with SRS reported significantly lower SSQ scores (Mean=11.75) than the control group participants (Mean=22.71) following VE exposure.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihito Masuoka ◽  
Hiroyuki Morikawa ◽  
Takashi Kawai ◽  
Toshio Nakagohri

BACKGROUND Virtual reality (VR) technology has started to gain attention as a form of surgical support in medical settings. Likewise, the widespread use of smartphones has resulted in the development of various medical applications; for example, Google Cardboard, which can be used to build simple head-mounted displays (HMDs). However, because of the absence of observed and reported outcomes of the use of three-dimensional (3D) organ models in relevant environments, we have yet to determine the effects of or issues with the use of such VR technology. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper was to study the issues that arise while observing a 3D model of an organ that is created based on an actual surgical case through the use of a smartphone-based simple HMD. Upon completion, we evaluated and gathered feedback on the performance and usability of the simple observation environment we had created. METHODS We downloaded our data to a smartphone (Galaxy S6; Samsung, Seoul, Korea) and created a simple HMD system using Google Cardboard (Google). A total of 17 medical students performed 2 experiments: an observation conducted by a single observer and another one carried out by multiple observers using a simple HMD. Afterward, they assessed the results by responding to a questionnaire survey. RESULTS We received a largely favorable response in the evaluation of the dissection model, but also a low score because of visually induced motion sickness and eye fatigue. In an introspective report on simultaneous observations made by multiple observers, positive opinions indicated clear image quality and shared understanding, but displeasure caused by visually induced motion sickness, eye fatigue, and hardware problems was also expressed. CONCLUSIONS We established a simple system that enables multiple persons to observe a 3D model. Although the observation conducted by multiple observers was successful, problems likely arose because of poor smartphone performance. Therefore, smartphone performance improvement may be a key factor in establishing a low-cost and user-friendly 3D observation environment.


Author(s):  
Behrang Keshavarz ◽  
Brandy Murovec ◽  
Niroshica Mohanathas ◽  
John F. Golding

Objective Two studies were conducted to develop and validate a questionnaire to estimate individual susceptibility to visually induced motion sickness (VIMS). Background VIMS is a common side-effect when watching dynamic visual content from various sources, such as virtual reality, movie theaters, or smartphones. A reliable questionnaire predicting individual susceptibility to VIMS is currently missing. The aim was to fill this gap by introducing the Visually Induced Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire (VIMSSQ). Methods A survey and an experimental study were conducted. Survey: The VIMSSQ investigated the frequency of nausea, headache, dizziness, fatigue, and eyestrain when using different visual devices. Data were collected from a survey of 322 participants for the VIMSSQ and other related phenomena such as migraine. Experimental study: 23 participants were exposed to a VIMS-inducing visual stimulus. Participants filled out the VIMSSQ together with other questionnaires and rated their level of VIMS using the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ). Results Survey: The most prominent symptom when using visual devices was eyestrain, and females reported more VIMS than males. A one-factor solution with good scale reliability was found for the VIMSSQ. Experimental study: Regression analyses suggested that the VIMSSQ can be useful in predicting VIMS ( R2 = .34) as measured by the SSQ, particularly when combined with questions pertaining to the tendency to avoid visual displays and experience syncope ( R2 = .59). Conclusion We generated normative data for the VIMSSQ and demonstrated its validity. Application The VIMSSQ can become a valuable tool to estimate one’s susceptibility to VIMS based on self-reports.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nam-Gyoon Kim ◽  
Beom-Su Kim

The present study investigated the effect of retinal eccentricity on visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) and postural control. Participants wore a head-mounted display masked for the central 10° (peripheral vision), the peripheral except for the central 10° (central vision), or unmasked (control) to watch a highly immersive 3D virtual reality (VR) ride along China’s Great Wall. The Simulator Sickness Questionnaire was administered to assess VIMS symptoms before and after the VR exposure. In addition, postural sway data were collected via sensors attached to each participant’s head, torso, and hip. Results demonstrated that peripheral vision triggered the most severe symptoms of motion sickness, whereas full vision most perturbed posture. The latter finding contradicts previous research findings demonstrating the peripheral advantage of postural control. Although the source of compromised postural control under peripheral stimulation is not clear, the provocative nature of visual stimulation depicting a roller-coaster ride along a rugged path likely contributed to the contradictory findings. In contrast, motion sickness symptoms were least severe, and posture was most stable, under central vision. These findings provide empirical support for the tactic assumed by VR engineers who reduce the size of the field of view to ameliorate the symptoms of motion sickness.


Author(s):  
Behrang Keshavarz ◽  
Raheleh Saryazdi ◽  
Jennifer L. Campos ◽  
John F. Golding

Visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) is a specific form of motion sickness caused by dynamic visual content such as Virtual Reality applications. Predicting individual susceptibility to VIMS has proven to be difficult and a reliable method has yet to emerge. Here, we introduce the Visually Induced Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire (VIMSSQ), a modification of the Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire uniquely designed to predict the susceptibility to VIMS specifically. Scores on the VIMSSQ are based on incidences of nausea, headache, fatigue, dizziness, and eyestrain during the past use of visual devices. In this proof-of-concept study, 71 adult participants (34 younger, 37 older) engaged in a simulated driving task and VIMS was measured using the Fast Motion Sickness Scale. Strong correlations with the reported level of VIMS were found for the nausea aspects of the VIMSSQ, suggesting that the VIMSSQ may be a useful tool to estimate individuals’ susceptibility to VIMS.


2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustapha Mouloua ◽  
Janan Smither ◽  
Robert C. Kennedy ◽  
Robert S. Kenned ◽  
Dan Compton ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behrang Keshavarz ◽  
Alison C. Novak ◽  
Lawrence J. Hettinger ◽  
Thomas A. Stoffregen ◽  
Jennifer L. Campos

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