scholarly journals In vitro antifungal activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark and leaf essential oils against Candida albicans and Candida auris

2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (20) ◽  
pp. 8911-8924
Author(s):  
Hoang N. H. Tran ◽  
Lee Graham ◽  
Emmanuel C. Adukwu
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Haemolytic Activity ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

Abstract Candida infections are a significant source of patient morbidity and mortality. Candida albicans is the most common pathogen causing Candida infections. Candida auris is a newly described pathogen that is associated with multi-drug-resistant candidiasis and candidaemia in humans. The antifungal effects of various essential oils and plant compounds have been demonstrated against human pathogenic fungi. In this study, the effect of cinnamon leaf and bark essential oils (CEOs) was determined against both C. albicans and C. auris. The disc diffusion (direct and vapour) and broth microdilution method was used to determine antifungal activity of the EOs against selected strains (C. albicans ATCC 10231, C. albicans ATCC 2091 and C. auris NCPF 8971) whilst the mode of action and haemolysin activity of the CEOs were determined using electron microscopy and light microscopy. Direct and vapour diffusion assays showed greater inhibitory activity of bark CEO in comparison with leaf CEO. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) of bark CEO for all tested strains was below 0.03% (v/v), which was lower than the MICs of the leaf CEO (0.06–0.13%, v/v) dependent on the strain and the MFCs at 0.25% (v/v). In the morphological interference assays, damage to the cell membrane was observed and both CEOs inhibited hyphae formation. The haemolysin production assay showed that CEOs can reduce the haemolytic activity in the tested C. albicans and C. auris strains. At low concentrations, CEOs have potent antifungal and antihaemolytic activities in vitro against C. albicans and C. auris. Key points • Essential oils from Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume bark and leaf (CBEO and CLEO) demonstrated fungicidal properties at very low concentrations. • The antifungal activity of CBEO was greater than that of CLEO consistent with other recent published literature. • The mode of action of CBEO and CLEO was damage to the membrane of C. albicans and C. auris. • Both CBEO and CLEO inhibited the formation of hyphae and reduced haemolysin production in C. albicans and C. auris.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and in vitro activity of Origanum vulgare L., Satureja hortensis L., Thymus serpyllum L. and Thymus vulgaris L. essential oils towards oral isolates of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Baj ◽  
Anna Biernasiuk ◽  
Rafał Wróbel ◽  
Anna Malm
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Satureja Hortensis ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Thymus Serpyllum

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to investigate the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) from: Origanum vulgare L., Satureja hortensis L., Thymus serpyllum L. and Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae) cultivated in Poland, and to study their antifungal activity towards clinical isolates of oral Candida spp. The hydrodistilled essential oils were analyzed using the GC-MS method. The antifungal activity was evaluated in vitro against oral isolates and reference strains of Candida albicans and C. glabrata, using the broth microdilution method according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines, allowing for estimation of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC). GC-MS analysis revealed that carvacrol was the main EO compound in oregano and summer savory, while thymol and linalool were the major ingredients of thyme and wild thyme oils, respectively. The EOs possessed fungicidal activity against C. albicans and C. glabrata, including oral isolates, with MIC = 125 – 2000 mg/L, MFC = 250 – 4000 mg/L and MFC/MIC = 1 – 4, depending on the yeast and plant species. The most active was thyme oil – with MIC = 125 – 500 mg/L, MFC = 250 – 500 mg/L and MFC/MIC = 1 – 2.

scholarly journals Effect of seasonality on chemical profile and antifungal activity of essential oil isolated from leaves Psidium salutare (Kunth) O. Berg

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delmacia G. de Macêdo ◽  
Marta Maria A. Souza ◽  
Maria Flaviana B. Morais-Braga ◽  
Henrique Douglas M. Coutinho ◽  
Antonia Thassya L. dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

Medicinal plants play a crucial role in the search for components that are capable of neutralizing the multiple mechanisms of fungal resistance. Psidium salutare (Kunth) O. Berg is a plant native to Brazil used as both food and traditional medicine to treat diseases and symptoms such as stomach ache and diarrhea, whose symptoms could be related to fungal infections from the genus Candida. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of seasonal variability on the chemical composition of the Psidium salutare essential oil, its antifungal potential and its effect on the Candida albicans morphogenesis. The essential oils were collected in three different seasonal collection periods and isolated by the hydrodistillation process in a modified Clevenger apparatus with identification of the chemical composition determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antifungal assays were performed against Candida strains through the broth microdilution method to determine the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). Fungal growth was assessed by optical density reading and the Candida albicans dimorphic effect was evaluated by optical microscopy in microculture chambers. The chemical profile of the essential oils identified 40 substances in the different collection periods with γ-terpinene being the predominant constituent. The antifungal activity revealed an action against the C. albicans, C. krusei and C. tropicalis strains with an IC50 ranging from 345.5 to 2,754.2 µg/mL and a MFC higher than 1,024 µg/mL. When combined with essential oils at sub-inhibitory concentrations (MIC/16), fluconazole had its potentiated effect, i.e. a synergistic effect was observed in the combination of fluconazole with P.salutare oil against all Candida strains; however, for C. albicans, its effect was reinforced by the natural product in all the collection periods. The results show that the Psidium salutare oil affected the dimorphic transition capacity, significantly reducing the formation of hyphae and pseudohyphae in increasing concentrations. The results show that P. salutare oil exhibits a significant antifungal activity against three Candida species and that it can act in synergy with fluconazole. These results support the notion that this plant may have a potential use in pharmaceutical and preservative products.

scholarly journals Antifungal properties of Foeniculum vulgare, Carum carvi and Eucalyptus sp. essential oils against Candida albicans strains

2013 ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelica Skrobonja ◽  
Dafina Delic ◽  
Maja Karaman ◽  
Milan Matavulj ◽  
Mirjana Bogavac
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Carum Carvi ◽  
Microdilution Method

Aromatic plants are among the most important sources of biologically active secondary metabolites, with high antimicrobal potential. This study was carried out to examine in vitro antifungal activity of Foeniculum vulgare (Apiaceae), Carum carvi (Apiaceae) and Eucalyptus sp.(Myrtaceae) essential oils against three Candida albicans strains of different origin (laboratory-CAL, human pulmonary-CAH and ATCC10231-CAR). The essential oils were screened on C. albicans using disc and well-diffusion and microdilution method, and compared to Nystatine and Fluconazole as standard anti-mycotics. The activity of tested oils was expressed by inhibition zone diameter (mm), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) (mg/ml). The results indicated that studied essential oils show antifungal activity against all three isolates of C. albicans. It was observed that each oil exhibits different degree of antifungal activity depending on the oil concentration applied as well as on analyzed strain of C. albicans. Carum carvi demonstrated the strongest antifungal effect to all tested strains, showing the lowest MIC values (0.03mg/ml for CAL, 0.06mg/ml for CAH, and 0.11mg/ml for CAR, respectively). Eucalyptus sp. exhibited the lowest antifungal activity, with MIC values ranging from 0.11 mg/ml for CAL to 0.45 mg/ml for both CAH and CAR.

scholarly journals In vitro antifungal activity of essential oils extracted from plants against fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant Candida albicans

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzad Katiraee ◽  
◽  
Somayeh Ahmadi Afshar ◽  
Seyyedeh Faezeh Rahimi Pirmahalleh ◽  
Hojatollah Shokri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity and Detoxification of Aflatoxins by Plant Extracts: Potential for Food Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara Ponzilacqua ◽  
Carlos Humberto Corassin ◽  
Carlos Augusto Fernandes Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Food Applications ◽  
Aflatoxin B

Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi of the genusAspergillus, which occur naturally in cereals like corn, beans and rice. Aflatoxin B1causes an extensive number of toxic effects in animals and humans. This mycotoxin is a stable term and can act in low concentrations due to their higher toxicity. Management to prevent commodities aflatoxin contamination is essential during the production, mainly in pre- and post-harvest steps. A number of essential oils and aqueous plant extracts have been reported to be fungal growth inhibitors and may provide an attractive alternative to prevent aflatoxin contamination in foods. Thus, the aim of this review is to highlight recent data on thein vitroantifungal activity of essential oils and aqueous extracts from plants and discuss the perspectives of their use in food products.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of essential oils of Origanum vulgare and Rosmarinus officinalis against three Candida albicans strains

2013 ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dafina Delic ◽  
Jelica Skrobonja ◽  
Maja Karaman ◽  
Milan Matavulj ◽  
Mirjana Bogavac
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Rosemary Essential Oil

Due to general growing resistance and side effects to common antifungal drugs nowadays, there have been many studies reported on the use of herbal essential oils as antifungal agents in recent years. In this study, essential oils of Origanum vulgare and Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae) were examined for their in vitro antifungal activity against three Candida albicans strains (laboratory - CAL, human pulmonary - CAH, and reference ATCC10231-CAR) in comparison to Nystatin (0.30 mg/ml) and Fluconazole (2 mg/ml) as standard antifungal agents. The antifungal activity was evaluated by comparing inhibition zone diameters obtained both by disc-and well-diffusion assays, as well as by comparing MIC and MBC values detected by microdilution assay. Diffusion test results revealed stronger antifungal effect of O. vulgare against all analyzed C. albicans strains identifying CAL strain as the most susceptible one. Inhibition zones ranged from 12.65 to 25.10 mm depending on the concentrations applied. The highest concentrations of Rosemary essential oil (5.00 mg/ml) demonstrated activity against two strains: CAL and CAR ATCC 10231 in both diffusion assays applied, while no antifungal activity was recorded against CAH isolate. Microdilution assay showed that both oils demonstrated the same MIC values for all tested strains (0.11 mg/ml), except MIC value against ATCC strain (0.23 mg/ml) obtained for Rosemary essential oil. The obtained results indicated that oregano and rosemary essential oils might be highly effective in the natural prevention treatment of candidiasis, although toxicity assays should be previously preformed.

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