scholarly journals Steam and Flame Applications as Novel Methods of Population Control for Invasive Asian Clam (Corbicula fluminea) and Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha)

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-663
Author(s):  
Neil E. Coughlan ◽  
Eoghan M. Cunningham ◽  
Stephen Potts ◽  
Diarmuid McSweeney ◽  
Emma Healey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Shock ◽  
Zebra Mussel ◽  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Corbicula Fluminea ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Open Flame ◽  
Asian Clam ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Abstract Control strategies for established populations of invasive alien species can be costly and complex endeavours, which are frequently unsuccessful. Therefore, rapid-reaction techniques that are capable of maximising efficacy whilst minimising environmental damage are urgently required. The Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea Müller, 1774), and the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha Pallas, 1771), are invaders capable of adversely affecting the functioning and biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems. Despite efforts to implement substantial population-control measures, both species continue to spread and persist within freshwater environments. As bivalve beds often become exposed during low-water conditions, this study examined the efficacy of steam-spray (≥100 °C, 350 kPa) and open-flame burn treatments (~1000 °C) to kill exposed individuals. Direct steam exposure lasting for 5 min caused 100% mortality of C. fluminea buried at a depth of 3 cm. Further, combined rake and thermal shock treatments, whereby the substrate is disturbed between each application of either a steam or open flame, caused 100% mortality of C. fluminea specimens residing within a 4-cm deep substrate patch, following three consecutive treatment applications. However, deeper 8-cm patches and water-saturated substrate reduced maximum bivalve species mortality rates to 77% and 70%, respectively. Finally, 100% of D. polymorpha specimens were killed following exposure to steam and open-flame treatments lasting for 30 s and 5 s, respectively. Overall, our results confirm the efficacy of thermal shock treatments as a potential tool for substantial control of low-water-exposed bivalves. Although promising, our results require validation through upscaling to field application, with consideration of other substrate types, increased substrate depth, greater bivalve densities, non-target and long-term treatment effects.

scholarly journals Smoke on the Water: Comparative Assessment of Combined Thermal Shock Treatments for Control of Invasive Asian Clam, Corbicula fluminea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil E. Coughlan ◽  
Ross N. Cuthbert ◽  
Eoghan M. Cunningham ◽  
Stephen Potts ◽  
Diarmuid McSweeney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Shock ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Corbicula Fluminea ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Dry Ice ◽  
Open Flame ◽  
Asian Clam ◽  
Clam Corbicula ◽  
Expensive Process

AbstractSuppression of established populations of invasive alien species can be a complex and expensive process, which is frequently unsuccessful. The Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774), is considered a high impact invader that can adversely alter freshwater ecosystems and decrease their socioeconomic value. To date, C. fluminea continues to spread and persist within freshwater environments worldwide, despite repeated management attempts to prevent dispersal and suppress established populations. As extensive C. fluminea beds can often become exposed during low-water conditions, the direct application of hot or cold thermal shock treatments has been proposed as suitable mechanism for their control. Further, mechanical substrate disturbance may enhance the efficacy of thermal shock treatments by facilitating exposures to multiple layers of buried clams. In the present study, we advanced these methods by assessing combined applications of both hot and cold thermal shock treatments for control of C. fluminea, using steam spray (≥100 °C; 350 kPa), low- or high-intensity open-flame burns (~1000 °C) and dry ice (−78 °C). In a direct comparison of raking combined with hot thermal shock applications, both steam and high-intensity open-flame treatments tended to be most effective, especially following multiple applications. In addition, when hot thermal treatments are followed by a final cold shock (i.e. dry ice), steam treatments tended to be most effective. Further, when dry ice was applied either alone or prior to an application of a hot shock treatment, substantial if not complete C. fluminea mortality was observed. Overall, this study demonstrated that combined applications of hot and cold thermal shock treatments, applied following the disruption of the substrate, can substantially increase C. fluminea mortality compared to separate hot or cold treatments.

Identification of larvae: the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha), quagga mussel (Dreissena rosteriformis bugensis), and Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea)

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Nichols ◽  
M. G. Black
Keyword(s):  
Shell Length ◽  
Zebra Mussel ◽  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Corbicula Fluminea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Zebra Mussels ◽  
Shell Size ◽  
Asian Clam ◽  
Clam Corbicula ◽  
Asian Clams

There are presently four freshwater bivalves in the United States that produce larvae or veligers commonly found in the water column: two forms of Asian clams and two species of dreissenids. Portions of the geographic range of three of these bivalves, one species of Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea), zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha), and quagga mussels (Dreissena rosteriformis bugensis), overlap, causing problems with larval identification. To determine which characteristics can be used to separate larval forms, adult Asian clams, quaggas, and zebra mussels were brought into the laboratory and induced to spawn, and the resulting larvae were reared. Hybrids between quaggas and zebra mussels were also produced, but not reared to maturity. Characteristics allowing for the most rapid and accurate separation of larvae were hinge length, shell length/height, shell shape, shell size, and the presence or absence of a foot and velum. These characteristics were observed in laboratory-reared larvae of known parentage and field-caught larvae of unknown parentage. In most cases, larvae of the Asian clam can be readily separated from those produced by either type of dreissenid on the basis of shell size and presence of a foot. Separating the gametes and embryos of the two types of dreissenids is not possible, but after shell formation, most of the larval stages can be distinguished. Hinge length, shell length/height, and the similarity in size of the shell valves can be used to separate straight-hinged, umbonal, pediveliger, and plantigrade larvae. Quagga × zebra mussel hybrids show characteristics of both parents and are difficult to identify.

Toxicity of a Traditional Molluscicide to Asian Clam Veligers

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Layhee ◽  
Miho Yoshioka ◽  
Bahram Farokhkish ◽  
Jackson A. Gross ◽  
Adam J. Sepulveda
Keyword(s):  
Zebra Mussel ◽  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Aquatic Invasive Species ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Asian Clam ◽  
Clam Corbicula ◽  
Aquaculture Facilities

Abstract Aquaculture and hatchery industries are in need of effective control methods to reduce the risk of spreading aquatic invasive species, such as the Asian clam Corbicula fluminea, through aquaculture and hatchery activities. The planktonic nature of Asian clam veligers enables this life stage to enter water-based infrastructure undetected, including hatchery trucks used to stock fish. Once in hatchery trucks, veligers can disperse overland and establish in previously uninvaded habitats. As a result, there is a need to develop techniques that result in veliger mortality but do not harm fish. In September 2012, we conducted laboratory trials to determine if a molluscicide (750 mg/L potassium chloride and 25 mg/L formalin) commonly used to kill zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) veligers in hatchery trucks can also effectively kill Asian clam veligers. We exposed Asian clam veligers to this molluscicide for 1, 3, and 5 h in each of two water types: deionized water and filtered lake water. We found <20% mortality at the 1-h exposure period and 100% mortality at both the 3-h and 5-h exposure periods, regardless of water type. This laboratory study represents an important step toward reducing the spread of Asian clams by aquaculture facilities.

Adaptive variation in palp and gill size of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) and Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea)

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1130-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry S. Payne ◽  
Andrew C. Miller ◽  
Erica D. Hubertz ◽  
Jin Lei
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Zebra Mussel ◽  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Corbicula Fluminea ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Gill Area ◽  
Clam Corbicula ◽  
History Of

Significant interpopulation differences occur in palp to gill area ratios of two nonindigenous species of freshwater bivalves in North America, Dreissena polymorpha and Corbicula fluminea. Larger palps (both species) and smaller gills (C. fluminea) occur in individuals from habitats characterized by a relatively high suspended solids concentration. The extremely brief evolutionary history of both species in North America is strong evidence that these differences in palp to gill area ratios are ecophenotypic.

Effects of temperature and chronic hypoxia on survivorship of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) and Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea)

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1564-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D Johnson ◽  
Robert F McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Zebra Mussel ◽  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Chronic Hypoxia ◽  
Corbicula Fluminea ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Clam Corbicula ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Four Levels

We examined the effects of four levels of chronic hypoxic stress at three temperatures on the survivorship of Dreissena polymorpha and Corbicula fluminea to assess the efficacy of O2 deprivation as a macrofouling control treatment and examine if critical hypoxia limits support reported distribution patterns. At 25°C, the hypoxia tolerance was examined at Po2 = 7.9, 11.9, 15.9, 23.8, and 31.8 Torr (1 Torr = 133.322 Pa) or 5, 7.5, 10, 15, and 20% of full air O2 saturation (Po2 = 159 Torr). At 15°C, the hypoxia tolerance to 7.9, 11.9, and 15.9 Torr was tested and at 7.9 Torr for 5°C treatments. For both species, Po2 and temperature influenced survivorship dramatically with increasing survivorship at higher Po2 and decreasing temperatures. At 25°C, C. fluminea experienced mortality at 7.9, 11.9, and 15.9 Torr, with LT50 values of 144, 216, and 216 h, respectively, versus 288, 384, and 480 h for the 15°C exposures. Dreissena polymorpha treatments had LT50 values of 120, 216, and 216 h at 25°C for the 7.9-, 11.9-, and 15.9-Torr treatments versus 26% mortality after 600 h and 28% mortality after 720 h at 15°C. The 7.9-Torr treatments at 5°C had LT50 values of 480 h for C. fluminea and 1056 h for D. polymorpha. This study showed that both species displayed broad seasonal variation in hypoxia tolerance and that hypoxia limits may be used to assess infestation risk.

scholarly journals Use of the Zebra Mussel Dreissena polymorpha (Mollusca, Bivalvia) as a Bioindicator of Microplastics Pollution in Freshwater Ecosystems: A Case Study from Lake Iseo (North Italy)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
Paolo Pastorino ◽  
Marino Prearo ◽  
Serena Anselmi ◽  
Vasco Menconi ◽  
Marco Bertoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Zebra Mussel ◽  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Subalpine Lakes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

The monitoring of microplastics pollution in freshwater environments trails behind its practice in marine ecosystems. We evaluated the use of the invasive zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) as a potential bioindicator of microplastic litter in freshwater lakes. Samples were collected from three sites (Lovere, Costa Volpino, Castro) at the northern end of Lake Iseo (one of the major subalpine lakes in north Italy) and compared for water physicochemical parameters, biometrical features of zebra mussels, and microplastics items/specimens (color, shape, size, and chemical composition). We hypothesized that since a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) on the Oglio River discharges into this area of the lake, the microplastics in D.polymorpha could be measured and compared in samples from the three sites at different distances from the WWTP. There was no difference in the physicochemical water parameters and biometric features between the samples from the three sites, whereas there was a significant difference in items/specimen between the sites in decreasing order (mean ± standard deviation): Costa Volpino (0.23 ± 0.43) > Lovere (0.07 ± 0.25) > Castro (0.03 ± 0.18). The chi-square test showed a significant difference in shape, color, and chemical composition frequency in the samples from the three sites. The chemical composition of the microplastics was polyethylene terephthalate (45%), nylon (20%), polypropylene (20%), polyamide resin (10%), and polyvinyl chloride (5%). Our data show that the amount of microplastics the zebra mussel accumulated was greater the closer the sampling site to the WWTP. Our findings suggest that the zebra mussel may provide a useful tool to monitor microplastics pollution in lakes.

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