Effect of Elevation on the Density and Species Composition of Encroacher Woody Plants in Borana Rangeland, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zinabu Bora ◽  
Ayana Angassa ◽  
Yongdong Wang ◽  
Xinwen Xu ◽  
Yuan You
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Southern Ethiopia

scholarly journals Do Woody Tree Thinning and Season Have Effect on Grass Species’ Composition and Biomass in a Semi-Arid Savanna? The Case of a Semi-Arid Savanna, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malicha Loje Hare ◽  
Xin Wen Xu ◽  
Yong Dong Wang ◽  
You Yuan ◽  
Abule Ebro Gedda
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Multivariate Technique ◽  
Semi Arid

Encroachment of woody plants has negative effects on grass species and seriously challenging livestock production and pastoral livelihood in semi-arid savanna. The effect of thinning and season on grass species composition and biomass was investigated in lowland grazing area for three seasons. The study consisted of 15 plots (each 50 m × 50 m), thinned to differing intensities. The plots were located next to each other on a homogeneous area of 3.8 ha. Five thinning intensities (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) were allocated randomly to the plots and replicated three times. The 0% plot was left unthinned referred to as the control plot. The remaining plots were thinned to the equivalents of 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the tree density of that of the control plot. A two-way analysis of variance and Tukey Honest Significant Differences tests were used to compare responses of grass species. Ordination of variables was carried out by multivariate technique using correspondence analysis to explore the similarity relationship of plots, seasons and species. The differences in species composition and biomass in the control and the thinned plots were significant (p < 0.05). Higher grass species composition and biomass were documented in thinned plots than in the control plot. Species abundance in thinned plots ranged from 11 to 12, while that of the 0% plot was six species. Grass biomass (Kg ha-1) varied from 2,688.4 ± 736.8 to 5,035.8 ± 743.9 across thinned plots, whereas in the control plot the yield was 885.8 ± 369.1. The result showed that grass species composition and biomass increased with the increasing intensity of thinning. Grass values appeared to be optimum at the heavy intensity of thinning woody plants. Seasons were also significant with the highest values recorded in the rainy season. Rainfall played an important role by interacting with thinning and influenced total grass values. Overall, thinning that combined improved soil moisture negatively influenced woody cover and enhanced grass species composition and biomass production. Thinning of bushes to the 75% of tree density would sustain the original savanna and maximize forage production for grazers.

scholarly journals Communities of tree vegetation and wood-destroying fungi in parks of the Kyiv city, Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Blinkova ◽  
Oleksandra Ivanenko
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Sambucus Nigra ◽  
Xylotrophic Fungi

Abstract Selected forestry parameters were investigated in the system of tree vegetation and wood-destroying fungi in parks of the Kyiv city along a gradient of recreational transformation. We investigated vitality, age structure and health conditions of woody plants (Acer platanoides L., Aesculus hippocastanum L., Carpinus betulus L., Frangula alnus Mill., Pinus sylvestris L., Quercus robur L., Q. rubra L., Sambucus nigra L., Tilia cordata Mill.), and species, systematic, trophic and spatial compositions of xylotrophic fungi (27 species of xylotrophs representing 22 genera, 16 families, 6 orders of divisions Basidiomycota; class Agaricomycetes). The results showed that the communities of tree vegetation and xylotrophic fungi in parks depend on the degree of recreational transformation of the environment. Vitality, age structure and health conditions of trees altered species composition of xylotrophs.

scholarly journals Ecological and biological characteristics of the dendroflora of Cheboksary in the greening system of the city

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Konstantin Vitalyevich Samokhvalov ◽  
Evgeny Arkadievich Sinichkin ◽  
Aleksandr Petrovich Arsentiev
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Degree Of Participation ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
The City

The paper presents the results of a comprehensive analysis of the species composition of Cheboksary. The analysis of the dendroflora of the urban environment was carried out according to 3 indicators: the territory of woody plants, the occurrence of woody plant species in landscaping, the structure of the landscaping system. The arboreal vegetation of Cheboksary is represented by 73 species belonging to 43 genera and 20 families. The predominant part of the dendroflora is represented by the covered-seeded plants (86,3%), the gymnosperms - 13,7%. In the dendroflora of green areas of the city, the most widely represented families are Rosaceae, Pinaceae, Salicaceae (48%). The analysis of the species composition of woody plants showed that in the functional and economic zones of Cheboksary plantings of general use are represented by 65 species, plantings of limited use - 52 species, plantings along the streets and main roads - 50 species. The analysis of the species composition of woody plants depending on the share of their participation in landscaping revealed that the greatest number of woody plants is used with low (51 species) and medium (50 species) share. The analysis of the degree of participation of woody plants in landscaping in the four identified functional and economic zones of Cheboksary found that the greatest number of taxa prevail with an average participation in the central zone (37 species), the coastal and suburban zones (36 species). The largest number of species of woody plants grow in the green areas of the central functional and economic zone, where the landscaping involved 66 species, the smallest number grow in the green areas of the industrial area (36 species).

scholarly journals Native forests but not agroforestry systems preserve arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species richness in southern Ethiopia

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 749-759
Author(s):  
Zerihun Belay ◽  
Mesele Negash ◽  
Janne Kaseva ◽  
Mauritz Vestberg ◽  
Helena Kahiluoto
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Native Forests ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The rapid conversion of native forests to farmland in Ethiopia, the cradle of biodiversity, threatens the diversity of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) pivotal to plant nutrition and carbon sequestration. This study aimed to investigate the impact of this land-use change on the AMF species composition and diversity in southern Ethiopia. Soil samples were collected from nine plots in each of three land-use types: native forest, agroforestry, and khat monocropping. The plots of the three land-use types were located adjacent to each other for each of the nine replicates. Three 10 × 10m subplots per plot were sampled. AMF spores were extracted from the soil samples, spore densities were determined, and species composition and diversity were evaluated through morphological analysis. Both spore density and species richness were statistically significantly higher in the native forest than in the agroforestry plots with no clear difference to khat, whereas the true diversity (exponential of Shannon–Wiener diversity index) did not differ among the three land-use types due to high evenness among the species in agroforestry. In total, 37 AMF morphotypes belonging to 12 genera in Glomeromycota were found, dominated by members of the genera Acaulospora and Glomus. The highest isolation frequency index (78%) was recorded for Acaulospora koskei from native forest. Consequently, the agroforestry system did not appear to aid in preserving the AMF species richness of native forests relative to perennial monocropping, such as khat cultivation. In contrast, the native forest areas can serve as in situ genetic reserves of mycorrhizal symbionts adapted to the local vegetative, edaphic, and microbial conditions.

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