Gluteoperinealis muscle: a surgically important variation

Background Patients in Belgium needing out-of-hours care have two options: the emergency department or the general practitioner on call often organised in a general practitioner cooperative. Currently, there is no triage system in Belgium so patients do not know where to go. Methods Our primary objective was to examine the ability of a newly developed telephone guideline, called 1733, to adequately estimate the urgency of health problems presented by simulated patients. Ten clinical vignettes were presented to 12 operators in a simulated phone call. The operators had to assign a protocol, urgency level and resource to dispatch (ambulance, general practitioner house visit, etc.) to each case. Results A total of 120 phone calls were analysed. The operators chose the right protocol in 69% and the correct urgency level in 35% of the cases. The proportion of under- and over-triage was 26% and 39%, respectively. There was important variation in between the operators. The sensitivity for detecting highly urgent cases was 0.42, the specificity 0.92. Conclusion Using the new Belgian 1733 guideline for telephone triage, operators mostly chose the appropriate protocol but only chose the correct urgency in one out of three cases. In this phase of development, the studied telephone guideline is not ready for implementation.

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Pay-off-biased social learning underlies the diffusion of novel extractive foraging traditions in a wild primate

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2017.0358 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 284 (1856) ◽

pp. 20170358 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Brendan J. Barrett ◽

Richard L. McElreath ◽

Susan E. Perry

Keyword(s):

Social Learning ◽

Learning Strategies ◽

Individual Learning ◽

Adaptive Behaviour ◽

Cultural Dynamics ◽

New Techniques ◽

Individual Level ◽

Important Variation ◽

In The Wild ◽

Innovation And Diffusion

The type and variety of learning strategies used by individuals to acquire behaviours in the wild are poorly understood, despite the presence of behavioural traditions in diverse taxa. Social learning strategies such as conformity can be broadly adaptive, but may also retard the spread of adaptive innovations. Strategies like pay-off-biased learning, by contrast, are effective at diffusing new behaviour but may perform poorly when adaptive behaviour is common. We present a field experiment in a wild primate, Cebus capucinus , that introduced a novel food item and documented the innovation and diffusion of successful extraction techniques. We develop a multilevel, Bayesian statistical analysis that allows us to quantify individual-level evidence for different social and individual learning strategies. We find that pay-off-biased and age-biased social learning are primarily responsible for the diffusion of new techniques. We find no evidence of conformity; instead rare techniques receive slightly increased attention. We also find substantial and important variation in individual learning strategies that is patterned by age, with younger individuals being more influenced by both social information and their own individual experience. The aggregate cultural dynamics in turn depend upon the variation in learning strategies and the age structure of the wild population.

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Health Care for Mitochondrial Disorders in Canada: A Survey of Physicians

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/cjn.2019.240 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 717-726 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Karen Paik ◽

Matthew A. Lines ◽

Pranesh Chakraborty ◽

Sara D. Khangura ◽

Maureen Latocki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Research Priorities ◽

Mitochondrial Diseases ◽

Mitochondrial Disorders ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Treatment Practices ◽

Important Variation ◽

Physician Care

ABSTRACT:Background:An improved understanding of diagnostic and treatment practices for patients with rare primary mitochondrial disorders can support benchmarking against guidelines and establish priorities for evaluative research. We aimed to describe physician care for patients with mitochondrial diseases in Canada, including variation in care.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional survey of Canadian physicians involved in the diagnosis and/or ongoing care of patients with mitochondrial diseases. We used snowball sampling to identify potentially eligible participants, who were contacted by mail up to five times and invited to complete a questionnaire by mail or internet. The questionnaire addressed: personal experience in providing care for mitochondrial disorders; diagnostic and treatment practices; challenges in accessing tests or treatments; and views regarding research priorities.Results:We received 58 survey responses (52% response rate). Most respondents (83%) reported spending 20% or less of their clinical practice time caring for patients with mitochondrial disorders. We identified important variation in diagnostic care, although assessments frequently reported as diagnostically helpful (e.g., brain magnetic resonance imaging, MRI/MR spectroscopy) were also recommended in published guidelines. Approximately half (49%) of participants would recommend “mitochondrial cocktails” for all or most patients, but we identified variation in responses regarding specific vitamins and cofactors. A majority of physicians recommended studies on the development of effective therapies as the top research priority.Conclusions:While Canadian physicians’ views about diagnostic care and disease management are aligned with published recommendations, important variations in care reflect persistent areas of uncertainty and a need for empirical evidence to support and update standard protocols.

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Natural polyploidy in Vanilla planifolia (Orchidaceae)

Genome ◽

10.1139/g08-068 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 51 (10) ◽

pp. 816-826 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Séverine Bory ◽

Olivier Catrice ◽

Spencer Brown ◽

Ilia J. Leitch ◽

Rodolphe Gigant ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Phenotypic Variation ◽

Chromosome Numbers ◽

Reunion Island ◽

Vanilla Planifolia ◽

Root Cells ◽

Flow Cytometry Data ◽

Important Variation ◽

Réunion Island ◽

Stomatal Length

Vanilla planifolia accessions cultivated in Reunion Island display important phenotypic variation, but little genetic diversity is demonstrated by AFLP and SSR markers. This study, based on analyses of flow cytometry data, Feulgen microdensitometry data, chromosome counts, and stomatal length measurements, was performed to determine whether polyploidy could be responsible for some of the intraspecific phenotypic variation observed. Vanilla planifolia exhibited an important variation in somatic chromosome number in root cells, as well as endoreplication as revealed by flow cytometry. Nevertheless, the 2C-values of the 50 accessions studied segregated into three distinct groups averaging 5.03 pg (for most accessions), 7.67 pg (for the ‘Stérile’ phenotypes), and 10.00 pg (for the ‘Grosse Vanille’ phenotypes). For the three groups, chromosome numbers varied from 16 to 32, 16 to 38, and 22 to 54 chromosomes per cell, respectively. The stomatal length showed a significant variation from 37.75 µm to 48.25 µm. Given that 2C-values, mean chromosome numbers, and stomatal lengths were positively correlated and that ‘Stérile’ and ‘Grosse Vanille’ accessions were indistinguishable from ‘Classique’ accessions using molecular markers, the occurrence of recent autotriploid and autotetraploid types in Reunion Island is supported. This is the first report showing evidence of a recent autopolyploidy in V. planifolia contributing to the phenotypic variation observed in this species.

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The Influence of Rooting Substrate and Growth Regulators Indol butyric Acid and Naphthalene Acetic Acid in the Number and Length of Adventitious Roots to Hardwood Cuttings in Blueberry cv. ‘Bluecrop’ (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)

Journal of Agricultural Studies ◽

10.5296/jas.v4i4.10013 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Sabri Braha ◽

Petrit Rama

Keyword(s):

Growth Regulators ◽

Growing Season ◽

Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽

Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽

Important Variation ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

One Year ◽

The Impact ◽

Better Than

The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of the turf-only substrate and turf–perlite in the ratio 2:1 and of growth regulators in the quality of adventive roots ( the number and length) of well lignified one-year old branches without fruit buds in the Bluecrop cultivar (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) taken at the end of the latent period before budding at the February 15 th during the -2015 growing season. In order to support the increase of the number of roots and their length the hardwood cuttings are treated with different IBA and NAA concentrations (1500, 3000, 4500 ppm), while a part of cuttings were untreated control. The number and the length of roots have increased in relation to the increase of concentration from 1500 to 3000 ppm followed by a decline of these values in concentrations over 3000 ppm. Respectively, the number of roots (8) and the higher values of root length (4.6 cm) are achieved in the turf–perlite substrate, IBA 3000 ppm (compared to the turf-only substrate). The presence of perlite helps the aeration of the substrate and supports biochemical and physiological processes which lead to the inducing of adventive roots. Regarding the number and length of roots an important variation for (p<0.05) was observed between different concentrations of IBA and NAA. In general the effect of IBA was a lot better than the effect of NAA.

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A COVID-19 Risk Assessment for the US Labor Force

10.1101/2020.04.13.20063776 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Samantha Maher ◽

Alexandra E Hill ◽

Peter Britton ◽

Eli P. Fenichel ◽

Peter Daszak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Health Risk ◽

Return To Work ◽

Control Measures ◽

Social Risk ◽

Social Risk Factors ◽

Individual Level ◽

Important Variation ◽

Level Data ◽

The Us

AbstractThe consequences of COVID-19 infection varies substantially based on individual social risk factors and predisposing health conditions. Understanding this variability may be critical for targeting COVID-19 control measures, resources and policies, including efforts to return people back to the workplace. We compiled individual level data from the National Health Information Survey and Quarterly Census of Earnings and Wages to estimate the number of at-risk workers for each US county and industry, accounting for both social and health risks. Nearly 80% of all workers have at least one health risk and 11% are over 60 with an additional health risk. We document important variation in the at-risk population across states, counties, and industries that could provide a strategic underpinning to a staged return to work.One Sentence SummaryThere is important variability in the proportion of the US workforce at risk for COVID-19 complications across regions, counties, and industries that should be considered when targeting control and relief policies, and a staged return to work.

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Retail Prices in a City

American Economic Journal Economic Policy ◽

10.1257/pol.20180218 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 175-206

Author(s):

Alon Eizenberg ◽

Saul Lach ◽

Merav Oren-Yiftach

Keyword(s):

Credit Card ◽

Structural Model ◽

The Elderly ◽

Grocery Shopping ◽

Limited Mobility ◽

Important Variation ◽

High Propensity ◽

Expenditure Data ◽

Retail Prices ◽

The City

This study examines grocery price differentials across neighborhoods in a large metropolitan area (the city of Jerusalem, Israel). Important variation in access to affordable grocery shopping is documented using CPI data on prices and neighborhood-level credit card expenditure data. Residents of peripheral, nonaffluent neighborhoods are charged some of the highest prices in the city and yet display a low tendency to shop outside their neighborhood. In contrast, residents of affluent, centrally located neighborhoods often benefit from lower grocery prices charged in their own neighborhood while also displaying a high propensity to shop at the hard discount grocers located in the city’s commercial districts. The role of spatial frictions in shaping these patterns is studied within a structural model where households determine their shopping destination and retailers choose prices. The estimated model implies strong spatial segmentation in households’ demand. Counterfactual analyses reveal that alleviating spatial frictions results in considerable benefits to the average resident of the peripheral neighborhoods. At the same time, it barely affects the equilibrium prices charged across the city, and so it does little to benefit households with limited mobility (e.g., the elderly). (JEL L11, L81, R22, R23)

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PAYOFF-BIASED SOCIAL LEARNING UNDERLIES THE DIFFUSION OF NOVEL EXTRACTIVE FORAGING TRADITIONS IN A WILD PRIMATE

10.1101/110221 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Brendan J Barrett ◽

Richard L McElreath ◽

Susan E Perry

Keyword(s):

Social Learning ◽

Learning Strategies ◽

Individual Learning ◽

Adaptive Behaviour ◽

Cultural Dynamics ◽

New Techniques ◽

Individual Level ◽

Important Variation ◽

In The Wild ◽

Innovation And Diffusion

AbstractThe type and variety of learning strategies used by individuals to acquire behaviours in the wild are poorly understood, despite the presence of behavioural traditions in diverse taxa. Social learning strategies such as conformity can be broadly adaptive, but may also retard the spread of adaptive innovations. Strategies like payoff-biased learning, in contrast, are effective at diffusing new behaviour but may perform poorly when adaptive behaviour is common. We present a field experiment in a wild primate,Cebus capucinus, that introduced a novel food item and documented the innovation and diffusion of successful extraction techniques. We develop a multilevel, Bayesian statistical analysis that allows us to quantify individual-level evidence for different social and individual learning strategies. We find that payoff-biased social learning and age-biased social learning are primarily responsible for the diffusion of new techniques. We find no evidence of conformity; instead rare techniques receive slightly increased attention. We also find substantial and important variation in individual learning strategies that is patterned by age, with younger individuals being more influenced by both social information and their own individual experience. The aggregate cultural dynamics in turn depend upon the variation in learning strategies and the age structure of the wild population.

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Sugar Sweetened Beverage Consumption among Primary School Students: Influence of the Schools’ Vicinity

Journal of Environmental and Public Health ◽

10.1155/2016/1416384 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alexandre Lebel ◽

Pascale Morin ◽

Éric Robitaille ◽

Benoit Lalonde ◽

Ramona Florina Fratu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary School Students ◽

Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽

School Students ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽

Beverage Consumption ◽

Sweetened Beverage ◽

Dietary Preferences ◽

Important Variation ◽

Complex Interactions ◽

Lower Socioeconomic

The purpose of the research was to explore the associations between the characteristics of schools’ vicinity and the risk of sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in elementary students. Findings exposed an important variation in student’s SSB consumption between schools. Schools with a lower socioeconomic status or in a densely built environment tend to have higher proportion of regular SSB drinkers. These characteristics of the school’s vicinity partly explained the variation observed between them. We estimated that a student moving to a school with a higher proportion of SSB drinkers may increase his/her chances by 52% of becoming a daily consumer. Important changes in dietary preferences can occur when children are in contact with a new social environment. Findings also support the idea that dietary behaviors among children result from the complex interactions between biological, social, and environmental factors.

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Higher education institutions, PRME and partnerships for the goals: retrofit labeling or driving force for change?

Sustainability Accounting Management and Policy Journal ◽

10.1108/sampj-03-2020-0069 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Christian Hauser ◽

Annmarie Ryan

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Higher Education Institutions ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Current Mode ◽

Theory And Practice ◽

University Partnerships ◽

Content Type ◽

Important Variation ◽

Multi Stakeholder ◽

The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to propose a framework to map partnerships as practiced in higher education institutions (HEIs) and trace the current mode of engagement between HEIs and their partners. This paper reflects on the alignment between current practices and what is understood in the literature as “true” partnerships. We are interested in the different modes of engagement that are labeled by the HEIs as partnerships and consider the plasticity of the term. The interest is in how the term is operationalized by HEIs and how variations in approach can be accounted for while still maintaining some stability and common understanding of the term partnership. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on extant literature in the field of cross-sector partnerships, a three-dimensional framework is proposed to map partnerships as practiced in HEIs. Furthermore, this paper draws on insights gained from the partnership stories of 13 leading principles of responsible management education (PRME) signatories to evidence examples of how this framework can help us to categorize the different types of engagement that the HEIs call partnerships. These case stories were gathered in the fall of 2019, based on a brief inquiry form sent to the 39 PRME signatories who were part of the PRME Champions Cycle 2018–2019. Findings This paper sees cases where faculty drive interaction on sustainable development goal-related issues with external stakeholders, but where the impact of these interactions seems to reside within the main business of the HEI (teaching and research). In contrast, much partnering work addresses broader social impacts. Of particular, interest in partnerships that seek to address a specific local issue, first and foremost and doing so in such a way as to apply the unique resources of the HEI working in multi-stakeholder networks. This paper also notes important variation between individual faculty-driven initiatives and initiatives where the school provides a strategic framework to support these efforts. Research limitations/implications By focusing on the academic sector and its stakeholder partnerships, this paper contributes to the literature on cross-sector partnerships. In particular, the specifics of this context and the importance of, for example, academic freedom have been under-researched in this field. Furthermore, the framework presented is novel in that it helps us to grasp the nuances of external university partnerships that can form out of individual, programmatic and other institutional levels. Practical implications From a practice perspective, the framework offers a useable tool for HEI partnership managers to position themselves and their activities and reflect more on how they organize external partnerships. Further, this tool offers a more precise framework for the discussion on partnerships within the PRME to sharpen the partnership instrument and bring more clarity about what is meant by the partnership for the goals. Originality/value The paper offers a novel partnership portfolio framework that contributes both to theory and practice. The framework aids in mapping the locus of benefits/outcomes and the material and affective commitments made by the HEI to bring these collaborations about. In dimensionalizing partnerships in this way, this paper can conceptualize a balanced portfolio in an HEI’s partnerships for the goals.

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