IgA and IgA-specific receptors in human disease: structural and functional insights into pathogenesis and therapeutic potential

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Gomes ◽  
Andrew B. Herr
Keyword(s):  
Human Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Specific Receptors

scholarly journals Therapeutic Attributes of Endocannabinoid System against Neuro-Inflammatory Autoimmune Disorders

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3389
Author(s):  
Ishtiaq Ahmed ◽  
Saif Ur Rehman ◽  
Shiva Shahmohamadnejad ◽  
Muhammad Anjum Zia ◽  
Muhammad Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Autoimmune Disorders ◽  
Specific Receptors ◽  
Different Cell Types

In humans, various sites like cannabinoid receptors (CBR) having a binding affinity with cannabinoids are distributed on the surface of different cell types, where endocannabinoids (ECs) and derivatives of fatty acid can bind. The binding of these substance(s) triggers the activation of specific receptors required for various physiological functions, including pain sensation, memory, and appetite. The ECs and CBR perform multiple functions via the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1); cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), having a key effect in restraining neurotransmitters and the arrangement of cytokines. The role of cannabinoids in the immune system is illustrated because of their immunosuppressive characteristics. These characteristics include inhibition of leucocyte proliferation, T cells apoptosis, and induction of macrophages along with reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion. The review seeks to discuss the functional relationship between the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and anti-tumor characteristics of cannabinoids in various cancers. The therapeutic potential of cannabinoids for cancer—both in vivo and in vitro clinical trials—has also been highlighted and reported to be effective in mice models in arthritis for the inflammation reduction, neuropathic pain, positive effect in multiple sclerosis and type-1 diabetes mellitus, and found beneficial for treating in various cancers. In human models, such studies are limited; thereby, further research is indispensable in this field to get a conclusive outcome. Therefore, in autoimmune disorders, therapeutic cannabinoids can serve as promising immunosuppressive and anti-fibrotic agents.

Proglucagon-Derived Peptides: Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Potential

Physiology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine M Sinclair ◽  
Daniel J. Drucker
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Glucagon Receptor ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide

Glucagon is used for the treatment of hypoglycemia, and glucagon receptor antagonists are under development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Moreover, glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and GLP-2 receptor agonists appear to be promising therapies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and intestinal disorders, respectively. This review discusses the physiological, pharmacological, and therapeutic actions of the proglucagon-derived peptides, with an emphasis on clinical relevance of the peptides for the treatment of human disease.

Multiple sclerosis following treatment with a cannabinoid receptor-1 antagonist

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
B W van Oosten ◽  
J Killestein ◽  
E MH Mathus-Vliegen ◽  
C H Polman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor 1 ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis

Laboratory research including animal models of human disease suggests that cannabinoids might have therapeutic potential in multiple sclerosis (MS). We have recently seen a 46-year-old woman who developed MS after starting treatment with a cannabino id recepto r antagonist for obesity. The occurrence of MS several months after starting a cannabinoid receptor antagonist suggests that the cannabino id system might indeed be relevant to disease pathogenesis in MS.

scholarly journals Therapeutic potential of alpha-1 antitrypsin in human disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minsun Kim ◽  
Qing Cai ◽  
Youngman Oh
Keyword(s):  
Human Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin

scholarly journals Unravelling similarities and differences in the role of circular and linear PVT1 in cancer and human disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Traversa ◽  
Giorgia Simonetti ◽  
Doron Tolomeo ◽  
Grazia Visci ◽  
Gemma Macchia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Metabolism Regulation ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Apoptosis Inhibition ◽  
The Many

AbstractThe plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) is a long non-coding RNA gene involved in human disease, mainly in cancer onset/progression. Although widely analysed, its biological roles need to be further clarified. Notably, functional studies on PVT1 are complicated by the occurrence of multiple transcript variants, linear and circular, which generate technical issues in the experimental procedures used to evaluate its impact on human disease. Among the many PVT1 transcripts, the linear PVT1 (lncPVT1) and the circular hsa_circ_0001821 (circPVT1) are frequently reported to perform similar pathologic and pro-tumorigenic functions when overexpressed. The stimulation of cell proliferation, invasion and drug resistance, cell metabolism regulation, and apoptosis inhibition is controlled through multiple targets, including MYC, p21, STAT3, vimentin, cadherins, the PI3K/AKT, HK2, BCL2, and CASP3. However, some of this evidence may originate from an incorrect evaluation of these transcripts as two separate molecules, as they share the lncPVT1 exon-2 sequence. We here summarise lncPVT1/circPVT1 functions by mainly focusing on shared pathways, pointing out the potential bias that may exist when the biological role of each transcript is analysed. These considerations may improve the knowledge about lncPVT1/circPVT1 and their specific targets, which deserve further studies due to their diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential.

scholarly journals STAT3 Signaling in Breast Cancer: Multicellular Actions and Therapeutic Potential

Cancers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Sarah Q. To ◽  
Rhynelle S. Dmello ◽  
Anna K. Richards ◽  
Matthias Ernst ◽  
Ashwini L. Chand
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
Hallmarks Of Cancer ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Stat3 Signaling ◽  
Gp130 Receptor ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature ◽  
Specific Receptors

Interleukin (IL)-6 family cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-11, are defined by the shared use of the gp130 receptor for the downstream activation of STAT3 signaling and the activation of genes which contribute to the “hallmarks of cancer”, including proliferation, survival, invasion and metastasis. Increased expression of these cytokines, or the ligand-specific receptors IL-6R and IL-11RA, in breast tumors positively correlate to disease progression and poorer patient outcome. In this review, we examine evidence from pre-clinical studies that correlate enhanced IL-6 and IL-11 mediated gp130/STAT3 signaling to the progression of breast cancer. Key processes by which the IL-6 family cytokines contribute to the heterogeneous nature of breast cancer, immune evasion and metastatic potential, are discussed. We examine the latest research into the therapeutic targeting of IL-6 family cytokines that inhibit STAT3 transcriptional activity as a potential breast cancer treatment, including current clinical trials. The importance of the IL-6 family of cytokines in cellular processes that promote the development and progression of breast cancer warrants further understanding of the molecular basis for its actions to help guide the development of future therapeutic targets.

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