Cyanobacterial diversity of Svalbard Archipelago

Two new secondary metabolites, svalbamides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from a culture extract of Paenibacillus sp. SVB7 that was isolated from surface sediment from a core (HH17-1085) taken in the Svalbard archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. The combinational analysis of HR-MS and NMR spectroscopic data revealed the structures of 1 and 2 as being lipopeptides bearing 3-amino-2-pyrrolidinone, d-valine, and 3-hydroxy-8-methyldecanoic acid. The absolute configurations of the amino acid residues in svalbamides A and B were determined using the advanced Marfey’s method, in which the hydrolysates of 1 and 2 were derivatized with l- and d- forms of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl-5-alanine amide (FDAA). The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were completely assigned by deducing the stereochemistry of 3-hydroxy-8-methyldecanoic acid based on DP4 calculations. Svalbamides A and B induced quinone reductase activity in Hepa1c1c7 murine hepatoma cells, indicating that they represent chemotypes with a potential for functioning as chemopreventive agents.

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Phylogeography of the Brittle Star Ophiura sarsii Lütken, 1855 (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the Barents Sea and East Atlantic

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d13020040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Evgeny Genelt-Yanovskiy ◽

Yixuan Li ◽

Ekaterina Stratanenko ◽

Natalia Zhuravleva ◽

Natalia Strelkova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Barents Sea ◽

Haplotype Diversity ◽

Brittle Star ◽

The Arctic ◽

Coi Gene ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Svalbard Archipelago ◽

Mitochondrial Coi ◽

The Barents Sea

Ophiura sarsii is a common brittle star species across the Arctic and Sub-Arctic regions of the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. Ophiurasarsii is among the dominant echinoderms in the Barents Sea. We studied the genetic diversity of O.sarsii by sequencing the 548 bp fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene. Ophiurasarsii demonstrated high genetic diversity in the Barents Sea. Both major Atlantic mtDNA lineages were present in the Barents Sea and were evenly distributed between the northern waters around Svalbard archipelago and the southern part near Murmansk coast of Kola Peninsula. Both regions, and other parts of the O.sarsii range, were characterized by high haplotype diversity with a significant number of private haplotypes being mostly satellites to the two dominant haplotypes, each belonging to a different mtDNA clade. Demographic analyses indicated that the demographic and spatial expansion of O.sarsii in the Barents Sea most plausibly has started in the Bølling–Allerød interstadial during the deglaciation of the western margin of the Barents Sea.

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Characterization of seawater properties and ocean heat content in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard Archipelago

RENDICONTI LINCEI ◽

10.1007/s12210-016-0544-4 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (S1) ◽

pp. 155-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Stefano Aliani ◽

Roberta Sciascia ◽

Ilaria Conese ◽

Alessandra D’Angelo ◽

Fabrizio Del Bianco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Content ◽

Ocean Heat Content ◽

Svalbard Archipelago

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Variability of the total ozone trend over Europe for the period 1950–2004 derived from reconstructed data

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-8-2847-2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 2847-2857 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

J. W. Krzyścin ◽

J. L. Borkowski

Keyword(s):

Total Ozone ◽

A Priori ◽

Smooth Curve ◽

Ozone Level ◽

Svalbard Archipelago ◽

Small Areas ◽

Ozone Data ◽

Curve Fit ◽

Long Term Changes

Abstract. The total ozone data over Europe are available for only few ground-based stations in the pre-satellite era disallowing examination of the spatial trend variability over the whole continent. A need of having gridded ozone data for a trend analysis and input to radiative transfer models stimulated a reconstruction of the daily ozone values since January 1950. Description of the reconstruction model and its validation were a subject of our previous paper. The data base used was built within the objectives of the COST action 726 "Long-term changes and climatology of UV radiation over Europe". Here we focus on trend analyses. The long-term variability of total ozone is discussed using results of a flexible trend model applied to the reconstructed total ozone data for the period 1950–2004. The trend pattern, which comprises both anthropogenic and "natural" component, is not a priori assumed but it comes from a smooth curve fit to the zonal monthly means and monthly grid values. The ozone long-term changes are calculated separately for cold (October–next year April) and warm (May–September) seasons. The confidence intervals for the estimated ozone changes are derived by the block bootstrapping. The statistically significant negative trends are found almost over the whole Europe only in the period 1985–1994. Negative trends up to −3% per decade appeared over small areas in earlier periods when the anthropogenic forcing on the ozone layer was weak . The statistically positive trends are found only during warm seasons 1995–2004 over Svalbard archipelago. The reduction of ozone level in 2004 relative to that before the satellite era is not dramatic, i.e., up to ~−5% and ~−3.5% in the cold and warm subperiod, respectively. Present ozone level is still depleted over many popular resorts in southern Europe and northern Africa. For high latitude regions the trend overturning could be inferred in last decade (1995–2004) as the ozone depleted areas are not found there in 2004 in spite of substantial ozone depletion in the period 1985–1994.

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Leptolyngbya sieminskae sp. n. (Cyanobacteria) from Svalbard

Polish Polar Research ◽

10.2478/popore-2013-0009 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 151-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Dorota Richter ◽

Jan Matuła

Keyword(s):

Water Sources ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

West Side ◽

Svalbard Archipelago ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

Southern Side ◽

Morphological Differences

Abstract This paper describes in detail the phenotypic traits of the newly discovered Leptolyngbya sieminskae sp. n. (Cyanobacteria). The species was found at two islands of the Svalbard archipelago (Spitsbergen and Nordaustlandet) in habitats which differed in humidity, water sources and altitude. The research was conducted at two fjords: on the southern side of Spitsbergen - Hornsund (77ºN, 015ºE) and the north−west side of Nord− austlandet - Murchisonfjord (80ºN, 018ºE). Although Leptolyngbya sieminskae was found in different latitudes no significant morphological differences were found between the specimens from both sites. The only visible difference is in the thickness of filaments and sheaths.

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Growth Interruptions in Arctic Rhodoliths Correspond to Water Depth and Rhodolith Morphology

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11050538 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 538

Author(s):

Moritz Schlüter ◽

Ines Pyko ◽

Max Wisshak ◽

Christian Schulbert ◽

Sebastian Teichert

Keyword(s):

Light Availability ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Skeletal Growth ◽

Coralline Algae ◽

Ambient Light ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Svalbard Archipelago ◽

X Ray ◽

Algal Thalli ◽

Environmental Proxies

Coralline algae that form rhodoliths are widespread globally and their skeletal growth patterns have been used as (paleo-) environmental proxies in a variety of studies. However, growth interruptions (hiati) within their calcareous skeletons are regarded as problematic in this context. Here we investigated how hiati in the growth of Arctic rhodoliths from the Svalbard archipelago correspond to their environment and morphology. Using X-ray micro-computed tomography and stepwise model selections, we found that rhodoliths from deeper waters are subject to more frequent hiatus formation. In addition, rhodoliths with a higher sphericity (i.e., roundness) are less often affected by such growth interruptions. We conclude that these correlations are mainly regulated by hydrodynamics, because, in deeper waters, rhodoliths are not turned frequently enough to prevent a dieback of coralline algal thalli forming on the underside of the rhodolith. In this coherence, spheroidal rhodoliths are turned more easily, therefore shortening the amount of time between turnover events. Moreover, the incidence of light is more advantageous in shallower waters where rhodoliths exhibit a greater share of their surface to diffused ambient light, thus enabling thallus growth also on the down-facing surface of the rhodoliths. In consequence, information on the frequency of hiatus formation combined with rhodolith morphology might serve as a valuable proxy for (paleo-)environmental reconstructions in respect to light availability and the hydrodynamic regime.

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Identification and phenotypic plasticity of Pseudanabaena catenata from the Svalbard archipelago

Polish Polar Research ◽

10.1515/popore-2017-0022 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 445-458 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zoya Khan ◽

Wan Maznah Wan Omar ◽

Faradina Merican Mohd Sidik Merican ◽

Asmimie Asmawarnie Azizan ◽

Choon Pin Foong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenotypic Plasticity ◽

Apical Cell ◽

High Arctic ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Molecular Characterisation ◽

Liquid Media ◽

Svalbard Archipelago ◽

Temperature Regimes ◽

Cell Dimensions

Abstract A filamentous benthic cyanobacteria, strain USMAC16, was isolated from the High Arctic Svalbard archipelago, Norway, and a combination of morphological, ultrastructural and molecular characterisation (16S rRNA gene sequence) used to identify to species level. Cell dimensions, thylakoid arrangement and apical cell shape are consistent with the Pseudanabaena genus description. The molecular characterisation of P. catenata gave 100% similarity with Pseudanabaena catenata SAG 1464-1, originally reported from Germany. Strain USMAC16 was cultured under a range of temperature and photoperiod conditions, in solid and liquid media, and harvested at exponential phase to examine its phenotypic plasticity. Under different culture conditions, we observed considerable variations in cell dimensions. The longest cell (5.91±0.13 μm) was observed at 15°C under 12:12 light:dark, and the widest cell (3.24±0.06 μm) at 4°C under 12:12 light: dark in liquid media. The study provides baseline data documenting the morphological variation of P. catenata in response to changing temperature regimes.

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Culture-dependent characterization of cyanobacterial diversity in the intertidal zones of the Portuguese coast: A polyphasic study

Systematic and Applied Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.syapm.2011.07.003 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 110-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Ângela Brito ◽

Vitor Ramos ◽

Rui Seabra ◽

Arlete Santos ◽

Catarina L. Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intertidal Zones ◽

Portuguese Coast ◽

Cyanobacterial Diversity ◽

Culture Dependent

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Re-description of the Arctic tardigrade Tenuibiotus voronkovi (Tumanov, 2007 (Eutardigrada; Macrobiotidea), with the first molecular data for the genus

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4196.4.2 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4196 (4) ◽

pp. 498 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

KRZYSZTOF ZAWIERUCHA ◽

MAŁGORZATA KOLICKA ◽

ŁUKASZ KACZMAREK

Keyword(s):

Original Description ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽

The Arctic ◽

Morphological Description ◽

28S Rrna ◽

Morphometric Data ◽

Additional Material ◽

Svalbard Archipelago ◽

5.8S Rdna

Tardigrada is phylum of micrometazoans widely distributed throughout the world, because of old descriptions and insufficient morphometric data, many species currently need revision and re-description. Tenuibiotus voronkovi (Tumanov, 2007) is tardigrade previously only recorded from the Svalbard archipelago. This species’ original description was based on two individuals with destroyed claws on the fourth pair of legs and a lack of complete morphometric data for buccal tube and claws. In this paper, we present a re-description of T. voronkovi, supplementing the original description using the original paratype and additional material from Svalbard: Spitsbergen, Nordaustlandet and Edgeøya. This species is characterised by two macroplacoids and a microplacoid, claws of Tenuibiotus type, dentate lunules under claw IV, and faint granulation on legs I–III and strong granulation on the legs IV. We include a new morphological description with microphotographs, morphometric, and molecular data (including: mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), internal transcribed spacers (ITS1–5.8S rDNA–ITS2), and nuclear ribosome subunits 28S rRNA and 18S rRNA). These are the first published molecular data for the genus Tenuibiotus Pilato and Lisi, 2011, analysis of which indicated an affiliation of Tenuibiotus to the family Macrobiotidae. We found no differences in body size between individuals from different islands (Nordaustlandet and Edgeøya), but did observe variability in the eggs. After revision of the literature and the published figures, we concluded that Dastych’s (1985) report of T. willardi (Pilato, 1976) from Svalbard, was actually T. voronkovi, which has the greater distribution in Svalbard, and other Arctic locations, than previously believed.

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