Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungi and Salinity on Seedling Growth, Solute Accumulation, and Mycorrhizal Dependency of Jatropha curcas L.

ABSTRACT The cultivation of Jatropha curcas L. for biodiesel production is possible in salinized areas; however, biomass production is limited in these soils. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a promising alternative for bioremediation in salinized soils. Yet, salinity also affects the AMF at the time of colonization and, in this case, the symbiosis is not always established. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the hypotheses that three AMF species commonly found in saline soils are associated with J. curcas and if seedlings previously inoculated with these AMF are more tolerant to salt stress. Two trials were performed: the first one was carried out in a completely randomized design with five treatments (control, Rhizophagus intraradices, Gigaspora albida, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, and the three species together) and six repetitions to investigate the formation of symbiosis among species; and the second trial was carried out in randomized blocks in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme (2, 5, 8, and 10 dS m-1, with and without mycorrhizae) with eight repetitions to verify the development and mycorrhizal dependency (MD) of the seedlings previously inoculated, in salinized environment. The three species of AMF are associated with J. curcas both alone and together. Mycorrhizal dependency increased with salinity, indicating that J. curcas is a facultative species. The pre-colonized seedlings with AMF are an alternative to the establishment of J. curcas in salinized soils.

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Application of Mycorrhizal Technology for Improving Yield Production of Common Bean Plants

International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/ijasbt.v4i2.15103 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 191-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Gamal M. Abdel-Fattah ◽

Wafaa M. Shukry ◽

Mahmoud M.B. Shokr ◽

Mai A. Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Am Fungi ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽

Npk Fertilizers ◽

Yield Production ◽

Bean Plants ◽

Mycorrhizal Plants ◽

Common Bean Plants

This study aimed to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi with different levels of NPK fertilizers on yield production of common bean plants which common bean plants were subjected to five levels of NPK fertilizers (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 %). Application of AMF significantly increased the growth and yield components of common beans with minimized the levels of NPK comparing to equivalents non-mycorrhizal ones. The results obtained revealed that inoculation with AMF and the concentrations 50% and 75% of NPK with AMF are the greater than other concentrations and non-mycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhizal Common bean plants had significantly higher number of pods, length of one pod, pods weight, 100 seeds weight, weight of seed/plant and intensity of mycorrhizal colonization(M%) . Concentrations of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and total carbohydrates, crude protein and mycorrhizal dependency of some yield parameters were significantly increased in mycorrhizal plants at different NPK levels when comparing to those of non-mycorrhizal plants paticularly at (50% and 75%) concentration of NPK, but lower Na concentration in mycorrhizal common bean seeds than those of non-mycorrhizal.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(2): 191-197

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Biocontrol of Sclerotium rolfsii in Groundnut by Using Microbial Inoculants

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb919992 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 124-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Khirood DOLEY ◽

Mayura DUDHANE ◽

Mahesh BORDE

Keyword(s):

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Am Fungi ◽

Stem Rot ◽

Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽

Trichoderma Species ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

Microbial Strains

Sclerotium rolfsii (Sacc.) is the causal agent of stem-rot in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)crop. With the increase in demand for the groundnut, control of stem-rot efficiently by microbial strains is fast becoming inevitable as the conventional system of chemicals is degrading our ecosystem. This investigation here emphasizes on inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Trichoderma species for growth achievement and disease control. The present investigation showed that these microbial strains were found to be worth applying as they stimulated growth and decreased harmful effects of S. rolfsii (cv. ‘Western-51’). The increased biochemical parameters and antioxidant activities also indicated their defence related activities in groundnut plants. In spite of positive attributes meted out by these microbial strains towards groundnut crop, the interaction among AM fungi and Trichoderma species seemed to be less co-operative between each other which were noted when mycorrhizal dependency and percent root colonization were observed. However, in summary more practical application of low-input AM fungi along with Trichoderma species may be needed for the advancement of modern agricultural systems.

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Mycorrhizae Applications in Sustainable Forestry

10.5772/intechopen.94580 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dayakar Govindu ◽

Anusha Duvva ◽

Srinivas Podeti

Keyword(s):

Plant Biomass ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Am Fungi ◽

Sustainable Forestry ◽

Symbiotic Association ◽

Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽

Crop Varieties ◽

Am Symbiosis ◽

Wide Scale ◽

Forest Plants

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) association is the most common symbiotic association of plants with microbes. AM fungi occur in the majority of natural habitats and they provide a range of important biological services, in particular by improving plant nutrition, abiotic resistance, and soil structure and fertility. AM fungi also interact with most crop varieties and forest plants. The possible benefit of AM fungi in forestry can be achieved through a combination of inoculum methods. The mycorrhizal inoculum levels in the soil and their colonization in different forest plant roots which leads to reduce the fertilizers, pathogen effects and fungicides and to protect topsoil, soil erosion, and water-logging. Currently, several reports were suggested that AM symbiosis can improve the potential for different plant species. Two steps could be used to produce high yielding of different plant biomass that would be both mycorrhizal dependency and suitability for sowing into the field with high inoculum levels Therefore, the wide-scale inoculation of AM fungi on forest trees will become economically important. The successful research is required in the area of mass production of AM fungal inoculum and AM fungi associated with roots which will contribute to sustainable forestry.

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Isolation and Screening of Mycorrhizal Fungi from Citrus Nurseries and Orchards and Inoculation Studies

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.3.366 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 366-369 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Amelia Camprubí ◽

Cinta Calvet

Keyword(s):

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Am Fungi ◽

Poncirus Trifoliata ◽

Plant Production ◽

Growth Enhancement ◽

Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽

Cleopatra Mandarin ◽

Swingle Citrumelo ◽

Selection Of

The selection of the most effective arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi for growth enhancement of citrus cultivars used as rootstocks was the first step toward development of an AM inoculation system in citrus nurseries in Spain. AM fungi were isolated from citrus nurseries and orchards in the major citrus-growing areas of eastern Spain. The most common AM fungi found in citrus soils belonged to Glomus species, and G. mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe and G. intraradices Schenck & Smith were the AM fungi most frequently associated with citrus roots. The most effective fungus for growth enhancement of citrus rootstocks was G. intraradices. Significant differences in mycorrhizal dependency among rootstocks were confirmed. Sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) and Cleopatra mandarin (C. reshni L.) were more dependent than Troyer citrange [C. sinensis (L.) Obs. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] and Swingle citrumelo (C. paradisi Macf. × P. trifoliata). Moreover, several inoculation systems for plant production were evaluated for their effectiveness in promoting root colonization of the rootstock cultivars.

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Mycorrhizal dependency, inoculum potential and habitat preference of native woody species in South Brazil

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467400001607 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 603-622 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

W. Zangaro ◽

V. L. R. Bononi ◽

S. B. Trufen

Keyword(s):

Woody Species ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Am Fungi ◽

Inoculum Potential ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽

Climax Species ◽

Mycorrhizal Inoculum Potential ◽

Native Woody Species ◽

South Brazil

Seedlings from 43 native woody species belonging to different successional groups from the Tibagi River Basin, Paraná State, South Brazil were studied to obtain information on the importance of colonization by native arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse for 15 to 45 wk, with soil-mix treatments and four successional groups. The mycorrhizal dependency was 90, 48, 12 and 14% of the pioneer, early secondary, late secondary and climax species, respectively. The content of P, Ca and K was 20, 17 and 23 times greater, respectively, in the leaves of the pioneer species than in the other successional groups. The colonization by AM fungi in field was studied in seedlings of 36 native woody species collected in the interior of the forest of the Mata dos Godoy State Park, and in open area at the beginning of arboreal succession. The mycorrhizal colonization in the field was 55.5, 26.9, 6.1 and 2.2% for the pioneer, early secondary, late secondary and climax species, respectively. To assess the mycorrhizal inoculum potential, rhizosphere soil was collected in the interior of the forest and a gap in the same forest and in a cleared area abandoned for natural regeneration. The inoculum potentials and the spore number in the area at the beginning of succession were 5.6 and 53.4 times greater than in the interior of the forest. The results show that the initial growth of the woody species which take part in the initial phases of succession may be more dependent on the AM fungi, in soils poor in minerals, while those that make up the final succession phases may be less dependent. The potential of the AM fungi inoculum decreases throughout the successional process and there is a relation between the inoculum potential found in the field and the occurrence for the different habitats of the species of adult plants belonging to different successional groups.

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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Improves Rhizobium–Glycyrrhiza Seedling Symbiosis under Drought Stress

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9100572 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 572 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zhipeng Hao ◽

Wei Xie ◽

Xuelian Jiang ◽

Zhaoxiang Wu ◽

Xin Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Am Fungi ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽

Plant Nitrogen ◽

Water Regimes ◽

Am Fungus

Rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can potentially alleviate the abiotic stress on the legume Glycyrrhiza (licorice), while the potential benefits these symbiotic microbes offer to their host plant are strongly influenced by environmental factors. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of single and combined inoculation with a rhizobium Mesorhizobium tianshanense Chen and an AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis Walker & Schuessler on Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. seedling performance under different water regimes. Drought stress inhibited rhizobium nodulation but increased mycorrhizal colonization. Furthermore, co-inoculation of rhizobium and AM fungus favored nodulation under both well-watered and drought stress conditions. Glycyrrhiza seedling growth showed a high mycorrhizal dependency. The seedlings showed a negative growth dependency to rhizobium under well-watered conditions but showed a positive response under drought stress. R. irregularis-inoculated plants showed a much higher stress tolerance index (STI) value than M. tianshanense-inoculated plants. STI value was more pronounced when plants were co-inoculated with R. irregularis and M. tianshanense compared with single-inoculated plants. Plant nitrogen concentration and contents were significantly influenced by inoculation treatments and water regimes. R. irregularis inoculation significantly increased plant shoot and root phosphorus contents. AM fungus inoculation could improve Glycyrrhiza plant–rhizobium symbiosis under drought stress, thereby suggesting that tripartite symbiotic relationships were more effective for promoting plant growth and enhancing drought tolerance.

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