scholarly journals Biocontrol of Sclerotium rolfsii in Groundnut by Using Microbial Inoculants

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khirood DOLEY ◽  
Mayura DUDHANE ◽  
Mahesh BORDE
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Microbial Strains

Sclerotium rolfsii (Sacc.) is the causal agent of stem-rot in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)crop. With the increase in demand for the groundnut, control of stem-rot efficiently by microbial strains is fast becoming inevitable as the conventional system of chemicals is degrading our ecosystem. This investigation here emphasizes on inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Trichoderma species for growth achievement and disease control. The present investigation showed that these microbial strains were found to be worth applying as they stimulated growth and decreased harmful effects of S. rolfsii (cv. ‘Western-51’). The increased biochemical parameters and antioxidant activities also indicated their defence related activities in groundnut plants. In spite of positive attributes meted out by these microbial strains towards groundnut crop, the interaction among AM fungi and Trichoderma species seemed to be less co-operative between each other which were noted when mycorrhizal dependency and percent root colonization were observed. However, in summary more practical application of low-input AM fungi along with Trichoderma species may be needed for the advancement of modern agricultural systems.

scholarly journals The Potential of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) as Biocontrol Agent Against Stem Rot Diseases Caused Sclerotium rolfsii of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Eri Sulyanti
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Planting Time

This study was conducted to assess the biocontrol efficacy of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AM Fungi) against stem rot disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. in peanut. The AM Fungi can be associated with almost all types of plants. The purpose of this study was to obtain isolates of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) as a potential biofungisida against Sclerotium rolfsii and can characterize the mechanism of the FMA in controlling S.rolfsii (salicylic acid) on peanut plants. The AM Fungi inoculant (40 spores g-1 in concentration) was introduced to peanut seedling (25 g plant-1 ) at planting time where as Sclerotium rolfsii  inoculated 30 days after planting time. The experiment was arranged in the completely randomized design (CRD), which is 7 treatment sand  repeated 10 times in the greenhouse  experiment. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) using STAT program 8 and  the Tukey test at 5% significance level. The AM Fungi treatments showed significantly redused the percentage of disease severity in infected peanut plants around 34.28% - 57.15%  and longer incubation period, respectively. They increased root colonization  (20,00 - 46.67%) with a middle to high category. The AM Fungi C isolate (isolated from Solok county), and  the A isolate (isolated from Payakumbuh city)  were the best as a biocontrol against S rolfsii (57.15%), followed by isolate D (isolated from Padang Pariaman county) 54,30 %. They also increased Salicylic acid content 1,4 times (70.72 ppm) compared to control (49,59 ppm). It can be concluded that the application of AM Fungi as a biocontrol agent played an important role in plant resistance and exhibit greater potential to protect peanut plants against S. rolfsii.  

scholarly journals Management of Stem-rot of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivar in Field

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khirood DOLEY ◽  
Paramjit Kaur JITE
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Spacing Pattern ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Pod Number

The present experiment was conducted at University of Pune for biocontrol of soil-borne plant pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii by incorporating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus fasciculatum) and conventional system of cultivation with different spacing pattern (15 and 30 cm) in field. Both mycorrhizal inoculation and 30 cm spacing pattern significantly increased growth and yield as compared to control or 15 cm spacing pattern. The pathogenic mycorrhizal groundnut plants in 30 as well as 15 cm spacing pattern showed better growth in terms of plant height, leaf and pod number, fresh and dry weight of whole groundnut plant in comparison to non-mycorrhizal pathogenic ones and the plant growth was better in 30 spacing than 15 cm. The colonization by AM fungi in both spacing pattern was higher in absence of pathogen S. rolfsii. However, pathogen’s presence decreased the mycorrhizal colonization considerably in 30 and 15 cm. The disease severity and incidence were recorded to be lowered when inoculated with mycorrhiza in pathogenic groundnut plants as compared to non-mycorrhizal pathogenic ones in both spacing pattern and incidence and severity was significantly lower in 30 cm as compared to 15 cm. Therefore, it was observed from our results that for management of soil-borne pathogens inoculation of AM fungi and spacing patterns are necessary.

scholarly journals Isolation and Screening of Mycorrhizal Fungi from Citrus Nurseries and Orchards and Inoculation Studies

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Camprubí ◽  
Cinta Calvet
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of the most effective arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi for growth enhancement of citrus cultivars used as rootstocks was the first step toward development of an AM inoculation system in citrus nurseries in Spain. AM fungi were isolated from citrus nurseries and orchards in the major citrus-growing areas of eastern Spain. The most common AM fungi found in citrus soils belonged to Glomus species, and G. mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe and G. intraradices Schenck & Smith were the AM fungi most frequently associated with citrus roots. The most effective fungus for growth enhancement of citrus rootstocks was G. intraradices. Significant differences in mycorrhizal dependency among rootstocks were confirmed. Sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) and Cleopatra mandarin (C. reshni L.) were more dependent than Troyer citrange [C. sinensis (L.) Obs. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] and Swingle citrumelo (C. paradisi Macf. × P. trifoliata). Moreover, several inoculation systems for plant production were evaluated for their effectiveness in promoting root colonization of the rootstock cultivars.

scholarly journals Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and planting media on seedlings growth of Helicteres isora L. in the nursery

2021 ◽  
Vol 914 (1) ◽  
pp. 012049
Author(s):  
D Prameswari ◽  
R S B Irianto ◽  
F D Tuheteru ◽  
T Kalima
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Mixed Media ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
Helicteres Isora

Abstract A screw tree (Helicteres isora L.) is a small/large shrub species that grows and spreads in many Asian countries, including Indonesia (NTT and Maluku). It is a medicinal plant commonly used to treat many diseases, such as bleeding and constipation. This study aimed to determine the effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and planting media on the growth of screw tree seedlings in a nursery. This research was conducted at Bogor Forest Research and Development Center’s nursery, Indonesia. This study consisted of two factors: AM fungi with three levels, namely control, Glomus aggregatum and Glomus clarum and growth media with two levels, namely mixed media of soil: rice husk charcoal (2:1) and mixed soil of media: rice husk charcoal: cocopeat (2:1:1). The results showed that treatment of G. aggregatum and soil mixed of media: rice husk charcoal: cocopeat (2:1:1) was significantly different from other treatments except for G. clarum and soil mixture of media: rice husk charcoal: cocopeat (2:1:1) that significantly increased height, diameter and dry weight of seedlings and the values were 97, 56, 126 and 46, 37, 127% compared to the control. Mycorrhizal dependency of screw tree was very high (126 and 127%). Generally, interaction treatment of G. clarum and mixed media of soil: rice husk charcoal: cocopeat (2:1:1) increased the growth of 11-month-old screw tree in the nursery.

scholarly journals Effects of Glomus fasciculatum and Trichoderma asperelloides in Roots of Groundnut (Cv. Western-51) Against Pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khirood Doley ◽  
Mayura Dudhane ◽  
Mahesh Borde ◽  
Paramjit K. Jite
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Glomus Fasciculatum ◽  
Root Pathogen ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Sclerotium rolfsii (Sacc.) is the causal agent of stem-rot of groundnut plants which is an important damaging soil-borne root pathogen worldwide. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (Glomus fasciculatum) and Trichoderma asperelloides have shown potential bio-control agent properties against several soil-borne plant pathogens. Interactions between G. fasciculatum, T. asperelloides and soil-borne pathogen S. rolfsii were investigated in this present pot culture experiment. The inoculation of G. fasciculatum and T. asperelloides reduced the severity of disease but their combinations were most effective in reducing harmful effects of S. rolfsii. The arbuscule percentage of AM fungi was affected by presence of T. asperelloides but chlorophyll content got increased by AM fungi or T. asperelloides treatments during S. rolfsii attack. The defense related physiological, biochemical and anti-oxidant activities observed in roots of groundnut plant significantly increased by single inoculation of AM fungi or Trichoderma. But, the combined inoculations of AM fungi and Trichoderma species showed the highest defense related activities. Moreover, single application of either AM fungi or Trichoderma species showed potential for the biocontrol of soil-borne plant pathogen but their combined application attributed most substantial inhibition in development of pathogen

Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilization on the post vitro growth and yield of micropropagated strawberry grown in a sandy loam soil

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahaveer P Sharma ◽  
Alok Adholeya
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency

Strawberries (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) grown in alfisols of semiarid areas in India results in suboptimal yields. Low organic carbon and low phosphorus (P) availability, in addition to high P fixation, affects P availability drastically, even when it is applied externally. The benefit to the yield of micropropagated strawberry Fragaria ×ana nassa 'Pajaro' through inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and P application was examined in a field experiment. AM response was evaluated at four doses of P (50, 100, 150, and 200 kg P·ha–1) in a high P-fixing capacity and P-deficient alfisol. At harvest, all inoculated plants, except those at the highest level of applied P (200 kg·ha–1), had larger fruit yields per plant, unit mass, number of runners, higher shoot dry matter, and shoot P content. However, the AM response as measured by yield varied with P concentration. Inoculated plants had a significantly greater fruit yield when grown at 150 kg P·ha–1, and the yield was comparable with uninoculated plants grown at 200 kg P·ha–1. The external P requirements were 71 kg·ha–1 for mycorrhizal and 106 kg·ha–1 for nonmycorrhizal strawberry plants to obtain 90% of the maximum fruit yield. In terms of P fertilization, this corresponds to a savings of 35 kg·ha–1. The percent mycorrhizal root length colonization, both in inoculated and noninoculated plants, was not found to differ significantly with P application.Key words: strawberry, P fertilization, mycorrhizal dependency.

scholarly journals Biological Control Stem Rot Diseases (Sclerotium Rolfsii) on Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) using Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Indigenous

Akta Agrosia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Fradilla Swandi ◽  
Eri Sulyanti ◽  
Darnetty Darnetty
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Glomus Sp

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) are known to have potential as biological agents controlling plant pathogens. This study aims to obtain indigenous AMF isolates that can suppress the attack of Sclerotium rolfsii which causes stem rot disease in peanut. The method used is an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments, namely A : AMF Glomus sp-3 + S. rolfsii; B: AMF Acaulospora sp + S. rolfsii; C: AMF Gigaspora sp + S. rolfsii; D: Combined AMF Glomus sp-3, Acaulospora sp, and Gigaspora sp + S. rolfsii; E: Without AMF + S. rolfsii (Control). Each treatment was repeated 5 times. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using the Statistix 8 program and the Least Significance Different (LSD) test at a 5% significance level. The results showed that the isolates of Acaulospora sp and Gigaspora sp were able to increase the resistance of peanut plants to stem rot disease (suppressing the incidence and severity of the disease) reaching 100%. Keywords: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, indigenous, salicylic acid, Sclerotium rolfsii.

scholarly journals ASOSIASI CENDAWAN ANTAGONIS TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM RIFAI DAN CENDAWAN MIKORIZA ARBUSKULAR UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT BUSUK PANGKAL BATANG PADA KEDELAI

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-169
Author(s):  
Latifah Latifah ◽  
Hendrival Hendrival ◽  
Mihram Mihram
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Rot Disease

Association of antagonistic fungi Trichoderma harzianum Rifai and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for controlling the stem  rot disease on soybean.  The research objective was to study effect of application Trichoderma harzianum and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in controling stem rot disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc on soybean.   The research conducted in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five treatment levels: (1) without T. harzianum, without AMF, and without S. rolfsii [negative control (C-)], (2) without T. harzianum, without AMF, and S. rolfsii [positive control (C +)], (3) T. harzianum + S. rolfsii; (4) AMF + S. rolfsii, and (5) T. harzianum + AMF + S. rolfsii.  Parameters observed were basal stem rot disease development and yield components. The results showed that the application of a mixture of T. harzianum and AMF caused a longer disease incubation period (8.29 days) and the severity of stem base rot disease was 11.67% number of pods per plant (62.53 pods), the number of seeds per plant (225.05 seeds), and the weight of seeds per plant (27.73 g) were higher than that of the application of T. harzianum and AMF separately.

scholarly journals Use of the Signature Fatty Acid 16:1ω5 as a Tool to Determine the Distribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Ngosong ◽  
Elke Gabriel ◽  
Liliane Ruess
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Lipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Root Symbionts

Biomass estimation of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi, widespread plant root symbionts, commonly employs lipid biomarkers, predominantly the fatty acid 16:1ω5. We briefly reviewed the application of this signature fatty acid, followed by a case study comparing biochemical markers with microscopic techniques in an arable soil following a change to AM non-host plants after 27 years of continuous host crops, that is, two successive cropping seasons with wheat followed by amaranth. After switching to the non-host amaranth, spore biomass estimated by the neutral lipid fatty acid (NLFA) 16:1ω5 decreased to almost nil, whereas microscopic spore counts decreased by about 50% only. In contrast, AM hyphal biomass assessed by the phospholipid (PLFA) 16:1ω5 was greater under amaranth than wheat. The application of PLFA 16:1ω5 as biomarker was hampered by background level derived from bacteria, and further enhanced by its incorporation from degrading spores used as microbial resource. Meanwhile, biochemical and morphological assessments showed negative correlation for spores and none for hyphal biomass. In conclusion, the NLFA 16:1ω5 appears to be a feasible indicator for AM fungi of the Glomales group in the complex field soils, whereas the use of PLFA 16:1ω5 for hyphae is unsuitable and should be restricted to controlled laboratory studies.

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