Expression of titin isoforms in red and white muscle fibres of carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.) exposed to different sarcomere strains during swimming

1997 ◽  
Vol 167 (8) ◽  
pp. 543-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Y. Spierts ◽  
H. A. Akster ◽  
H. L. Granzier
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Titin Isoforms ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio

Kinematics and muscle dynamics of C- and S-starts of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.L. Spierts ◽  
J.L. Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Large Strain ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Turning Angle ◽  
Muscle Dynamics ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
The Common ◽  
Better Than

An analysis is presented of body curvature, acceleration and muscle strain during fast-starts in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). C- and S-starts were filmed at 200 frames s-1 at 23 degreesC. Curvatures and accelerations of mid-body axes were calculated from digitised outlines. Maximum accelerations at 0.3 FL (fork length) from the snout were 54 m s-2 for C-starts and 40 m s-2 for S-starts. The total turning angle was approximately 150 degrees in C-starts. This angle was 70 degrees during escape S-starts, significantly larger than for predatory S-starts in other species. Sarcomere strains of axial muscle fibres were calculated at 0.4 and 0.8 FL. During C-starts, white muscle fibres were exposed to maximum sarcomere strains of up to approximately 16 %, and posterior fibres had similar strains to anterior fibres (red 27 %; white 16 %). During S-starts, however, maximum strains in anterior fibres (red 39 %; white 24 %) were more than twice those in posterior fibres (red 17 %; white 10 %). In a C-start, the fish made a large turning angle directed away from the stimulus by bending its tail strongly and thereby producing a large thrust. A larger anterior peak curvature of the fish during S-starts enabled the carp to control the direction of escape better than during C-starts, but with lower accelerations and smaller turning angles. During cyclic and intermittent swimming, red posterior fibres experienced the largest strains. Interestingly, previous studies have shown these fibres to have the lowest passive stiffness and the largest titin isoform, allowing them to attain large strain amplitudes with relatively low passive tensions.

Effects of environmental temperature on the development of the myotomal white muscle in larval carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (24) ◽  
pp. 3675-3688 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Alami-Durante ◽  
P. Bergot ◽  
M. Rouel ◽  
G. Goldspink
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Central Layer ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Fibre Number ◽  
Stage 1

A study was conducted on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to determine the effects of environmental temperature experienced by embryos and larvae on the development of myotomal white muscle. Eggs from one female were divided into two groups following fertilisation and incubated at constant pre-hatch temperatures of 18 or 28 degrees C. At hatching, larvae from the 18 degrees C-incubated eggs were divided into two groups and either reared at the same temperature of 18 degrees C (‘cold’ group) or transferred over a period of 5 days (at 2 degrees C per day) to 28 degrees C (‘transferred’ group). Larvae hatched from eggs incubated at 28 degrees C were reared at the same temperature of 28 degrees C (‘warm’ group). Larvae were sampled at two developmental stages (stage 1, inflation of the back chamber of the swimbladder; stage 2, inflation of the front chamber of the swimbladder) and at 26 days post-hatching. The maturation of myotome shape during larval life was studied in parallel with the changes occurring in the organisation of white fibres. At stage 1, the epaxial part of the myotomes surrounding the vent had the shape of lamellae inclined backwards, and only one central layer of white fibres was present. At stage 2, the epaxial part of the myotomes began to acquire a V-shape, which was well developed at 26 days post-hatch. At stage 2 and at 26 days post-hatch, two layers of white fibres were identified: the initial central layer and a second apical layer. These differ in their orientation, the initial central layer being orientated backwards and the apical layer forwards, and in the mean fibre diameter, which is greater in the initial central layer. Studies on the effects of temperature (constant 18 degrees C, constant 28 degrees C, transfer from 18 to 28 degrees C at hatching) were carried out according to both the developmental stage and the length of the larvae. At stage 1, no significant differences were found between the three groups for larval standard length and muscle variables. The number of fibres in one quadrant of epaxial white muscle sectioned at the level of the vent was 100–111. At stage 2, there were significant differences between groups. Larval standard length and mass were higher in the cold group than in the warm group. The transferred larvae were of intermediate standard length but had a significantly higher cross-sectional area of white muscle than either of the other two groups. This increase in surface area was related to a 50 % greater fibre number (233) in the transferred larvae compared with the cold (165) or the warm (152) larvae. The increase in fibre number was more marked for large-diameter (>20 microm) white fibres located in the initial central fibre layer (+58-72 % in transferred larvae) than in small-diameter ((less than equal to) 10 microm) white fibres mainly located in the apical layer (+18-35 %). In 26 days post-hatch samples, transferred larvae still showed a higher total number of white fibres than warm larvae, but the difference was no longer significant when the total number of white fibres was regressed against larval standard length, suggesting that this stimulation may be temporary.

scholarly journals Histological discrimination of fresh from frozen/thawed carp (Cyprinus carpio)

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-441
Author(s):  
М. Strateva ◽  
G. Penchev
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Histological Differentiation ◽  
Cell Destruction ◽  
Shelf Life Extension ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio

The aim of the study was to perform histological differentiation of dorsal and ventral musculature of fresh and frozen/thawed carps (Cyprinus carpio). Histological findings of muscle fibres (Myofibra striata) of fresh carps did not show any changes. Single freezing at –10 ºС resulted in extracellular gaps in the central part of some of fibres. After single freezing at –18 ºС, muscle fibres with cell destruction in the central part were identified while the periphery remained intact. Completely destructured and deformed areas of muscle fibres were demonstrated after single freezing at –27 ºС. Double freezing at –10 ºС resulted in shrinkage, extracellular gaps and fragmentation of fibres, while muscle fibres double-frozen at –18 ºС were impaired, degraded and with visible defects. The histological findings in carp muscle, double-frozen at –27 ºС comprised severely deformed muscle fibres with increased extracellular gaps from degraded muscle tissue. On the basis of findings, it could be concluded that double freezing of carps was not an appropriate method of storage and shelf-life extension.

Local differences in myotendinous junctions in axial muscle fibres of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-833
Author(s):  
I L Y Spierts ◽  
H A Asker ◽  
I H C Voss ◽  
J W M Osse
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Myotendinous Junction ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Load ◽  
Fibre Area ◽  
Axial Muscle ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Myotendinous Junctions

We studied the myotendinous junctions of anterior and posterior red and white axial muscle fibres of carp using stereology. In posterior axial muscle fibres of swimming fish, stress (load on the myotendinous junction) must be higher than in anterior fibres as posterior fibres have a longer phase of eccentric activity. As we expected the magnitude of the load on the junction to be reflected in its structure, we compared the interfacial ratio, the ratio between the area of the junctional sarcolemma and the cross-sectional fibre area, of these muscle fibres. This ratio differed significantly between the investigated groups, with red fibres and posterior fibres having the larger ratios. The higher interfacial ratio of posterior myotendinous junctions is in accordance with the proposition mentioned above. The difference between myotendinous junctions of red and white fibres is probably related to a difference in the duration of the load on the junction.

scholarly journals The biomechanics of fast-starts during ontogeny in the common carp cyprinus carpio

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (22) ◽  
pp. 3057-3067 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Wakeling ◽  
K.M. Kemp ◽  
I.A. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Power Output ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Fast Start

Common carp Cyprinus carpio L. were reared a constant temperature of 20 degrees C from the larval (7 mm total length) to the juvenile (80 mm) stage. Body morphology and white muscle mass distribution were measured. Fast-start escape responses were recorded using high-speed cinematography from which the velocities, accelerations and hydrodynamic power requirements were estimated. All three measures of fast-start performance increased during development. White muscle contraction regimes were calculated from changes in body shape during the fast-starts and used to predict the muscle force and power production for all longitudinal positions along the body. Scaling arguments predicted that increases in body length would constrain the fish to bend less rapidly because the cross-sectional muscle area, and hence force production, does not increase at the same rate as the inertial mass that resists bending. As predicted, the increases in body length resulted in decreases in muscle shortening velocity, and this coincided with increases in both the force and power produced by the muscles. The hydrodynamic efficiency, which relates the mechanical power produced by the muscles to the inertial power requirements in the direction of travel, showed no significant change during ontogeny. The increasing hydrodynamic power requirements were thus met by increases in the power available from the muscles. The majority of the increases in fast-start swimming performance during ontogeny can be explained by size-dependent increases in muscle power output. For all sizes, there was a decrease in muscle-mass-specific power output and an increase in muscle stress in a posterior direction along the body due to systematic variations in fibre strain. These changing strain regimes result in the central muscle bulk producing the majority of the power requirements during the fast-start, and this power is transmitted to the tail region of the fish and ultimately to the water via muscle in the caudal myotomes.

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