Local differences in myotendinous junctions in axial muscle fibres of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-833
Author(s):  
I L Y Spierts ◽  
H A Asker ◽  
I H C Voss ◽  
J W M Osse
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Myotendinous Junction ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Load ◽  
Fibre Area ◽  
Axial Muscle ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Myotendinous Junctions

We studied the myotendinous junctions of anterior and posterior red and white axial muscle fibres of carp using stereology. In posterior axial muscle fibres of swimming fish, stress (load on the myotendinous junction) must be higher than in anterior fibres as posterior fibres have a longer phase of eccentric activity. As we expected the magnitude of the load on the junction to be reflected in its structure, we compared the interfacial ratio, the ratio between the area of the junctional sarcolemma and the cross-sectional fibre area, of these muscle fibres. This ratio differed significantly between the investigated groups, with red fibres and posterior fibres having the larger ratios. The higher interfacial ratio of posterior myotendinous junctions is in accordance with the proposition mentioned above. The difference between myotendinous junctions of red and white fibres is probably related to a difference in the duration of the load on the junction.

Structure and electrical properties of eye muscles in cave- and surface-dwelling crayfishes

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-199
Author(s):  
D. Mellon ◽  
G. Lnenicka
Keyword(s):  
Input Resistance ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Oculomotor System ◽  
Membrane Resistance ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eye Muscles ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cave Dweller

The morphologies and passive electrical parameters of fibres in two eye muscles of a surface- and a cave-dwelling crayfish were compared. In the cave-dwelling form the muscles contained fewer fibres, of less diameter, and hence had a smaller cross-sectional area. Current-voltage relationships were similar in both species. Input resistance was higher in the cave-dweller, but the difference was not as great as would be expected on the basis of geometry alone. Accordingly, the specific membrane resistance of muscle fibres in the cave-dweller is 50–60% smaller than that in the surface-dweller. This may account partially for the observation that identified excitatory junctional potentials in muscles of cave- and surface dwellers have similar amplitudes. We conclude that a functional oculomotor system is maintained in cave-dwelling crayfish, and that this system confers some positive selective advantage.

Adhesive strength of single muscle cells to basement membrane at myotendinous junctions

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 1063-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Tidball ◽  
M. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Isometric Tension ◽  
Breaking Stress ◽  
Myotendinous Junction ◽  
Compression Injury ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Strain And Strain Rate ◽  
Myotendinous Junctions

Whole muscles loaded to failure frequently fail at or near myotendinous junctions. The present investigation was directed toward determining the breaking stress and failure site of intact and injured myotendinous junction preparations consisting of muscle cells dissected free from surrounding parallel structures but still attached to tendon collagen fibers. These tests show that the breaking stress for intact myotendinous units is 2.7 x 10(5) N/m2, expressed relative to cell cross-sectional area. Failure occurs immediately external to the junction membrane between the cell membrane and lamina densa of the basement membrane. Site and stress at failure are independent of strain and strain rate over a biologically relevant range. Breaking stress in the plane of the membrane, corrected for membrane folding, is 1.2 X 10(4) N/m2. This value is not significantly greater than stress at maximum isometric tension for these cells at these sarcomere lengths. After compression injury, cells fail within the compression site at significantly lower stress (1.9 X 10(5) N/m2). These findings suggest that, in muscle strain injuries that occur under conditions simulated here, failure occurs at myotendinous junctions unless the muscle has suffered previous compression injury leading to failure within the muscle.

Growth equations for skeletal muscle derived from the cytonuclear ratio and growth constraining supplementary functions

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Z. Roux
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Mass Growth ◽  
Growth Constraints ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Almost All

AbstractFor purely hypertrophic muscle it is postulated that the growth rate in number of nuclei is proportional to the cytoplasmic mass per nucleus multiplied by a growth constraining supplementary function. Growth constraint depends on the distance from any one of the limit number of nuclei, the limit muscle mass or the limit cytoplasmic mass per nucleus. Furthermore, theory and evidence are presented for a power (allometric) relationship between total number of nuclei (n) and muscle mass (m) given by the equation n = gmh. Evidence points to two clusters of values for h, one in the vicinity of h = 2/3 and the other h = 1/2. Both may depend on a linear relationship between number of nuclei inside muscle fibre and fibre cross-sectional area. The difference between the two situations can be derived from basic assumptions on either local or systemic diffusion mediated control of the number or division of satellite cell nuclei, leading directly to values of h either equal to 2/3 or V2. For likely values of h and suitable choices of growth constraints, almost all well known growth functions in the literature are derived as potentially applicable to total number of nuclei, or muscle mass or their ratio. Muscle mass growth will show a sigmoidal form for h = 1. This explains sigmoidal growth in body mass as it is mostly dominated by muscle mass. A possible linear growth phase before maturity is explicable from the cessation of either length (h = 1) or nuclear (h = 0) growth in muscle fibres, while cytoplasmic growth continues to maturity. Furthermore, two rat examples indicate that whole body protein growth can be described by the equations derived for muscle mass growth.

Acid-base and electrolyte status in carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to low environmental pH

1981 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
G. R. Ultsch ◽  
M. E. Ott ◽  
N. Heisler
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Base Loss ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Electrolyte Disturbances ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Root Effects

Carp (Cyprinus carpio) were exposed to environmental water pH (pHw) step changes from 7.4 to 5.1, 5.1 to 4.0 and 4.0 to 3.5 pH, PCO2, PO2 and lactate in dorsal aortic blood, [Na+], [K+] and [Cl-] in dorsal aortic plasma, base loss, and ammonia excretion were determined as a function of time after each pHw step change. At pHw 5.1 the measured blood acid-base and electrolyte parameters remained essentially unchanged; the base loss, however, was increased by a factor of 2. When pHw was lowered to 4.0 an additional severe increase in the ‘net base loss’, expressed as the difference between base loss and ammonia excretion, resulted in progressive reduction of arterial pH and [HCO3-]. The electrolyte status was also severely disturbed by progressively falling plasma [Na+] and [Cl-], which is attributed to failure of the active H+/Na+ and HCO3-/Cl- exchange mechanisms in the gills. At pHw 4.0 the acid-exposure syndrome is characterized by acid-base and electrolyte disturbances apparently not related to hypoxia. However, at pHw 3.5, tissue hypoxia, due to disturbances of gill gas exchange and to Bohr and Root effects, appears to be an additional important factor aggravating the disturbances of acid-base and electrolyte status.

The Effect of Knee Injury on the Number of Muscle Fibres in the Human Quadriceps Femoris

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Young ◽  
I. Hughes ◽  
J. M. Round ◽  
R. H. T. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Knee Injury ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fibre Area ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Fibre Atrophy

1. By means of ultrasound scanning, bilateral measurements of the cross-sectional area of the quadriceps muscle group were made in 14 young adults with unilateral thigh muscle wasting after knee injury. Needle biopsy specimens from the lateral mass of the muscle were used to estimate the myofibre cross-sectional area for both quadriceps of each subject. 2. The cross-sectional area of the quadriceps of each patient's injured limb was always smaller than that of the contralateral muscle. The wasting was largely localized to the quadriceps, with relative sparing of the other thigh muscles. 3. None of the biopsies showed any abnormality apart from a reduction in fibre size. In each case, the injured limb's reduced quadriceps cross-sectional area was associated with a reduced mean fibre area. 4. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of a muscle to its mean fibre area is a function of the number of fibres it contains. The ratio varied considerably from patient to patient but there was close agreement between the values obtained for the two limbs of each patient. 5. The quadriceps wasting produced by knee injury was due to muscle fibre atrophy. There was no evidence for a change in the number of fibres in the muscle.

scholarly journals Histological discrimination of fresh from frozen/thawed carp (Cyprinus carpio)

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-441
Author(s):  
М. Strateva ◽  
G. Penchev
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Histological Differentiation ◽  
Cell Destruction ◽  
Shelf Life Extension ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio

The aim of the study was to perform histological differentiation of dorsal and ventral musculature of fresh and frozen/thawed carps (Cyprinus carpio). Histological findings of muscle fibres (Myofibra striata) of fresh carps did not show any changes. Single freezing at –10 ºС resulted in extracellular gaps in the central part of some of fibres. After single freezing at –18 ºС, muscle fibres with cell destruction in the central part were identified while the periphery remained intact. Completely destructured and deformed areas of muscle fibres were demonstrated after single freezing at –27 ºС. Double freezing at –10 ºС resulted in shrinkage, extracellular gaps and fragmentation of fibres, while muscle fibres double-frozen at –18 ºС were impaired, degraded and with visible defects. The histological findings in carp muscle, double-frozen at –27 ºС comprised severely deformed muscle fibres with increased extracellular gaps from degraded muscle tissue. On the basis of findings, it could be concluded that double freezing of carps was not an appropriate method of storage and shelf-life extension.

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