Interrelation between QBO and 11-year solar cycle effects in total column ozone over Europe

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei A. Sitnov
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
Total Column

scholarly journals A global historical ozone data set and prominent features of stratospheric variability prior to 1979

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 9623-9639 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Brönnimann ◽  
J. Bhend ◽  
J. Franke ◽  
S. Flückiger ◽  
A. M. Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Observation Error ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Ozone Data ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. We present a vertically resolved zonal mean monthly mean global ozone data set spanning the period 1901 to 2007, called HISTOZ.1.0. It is based on a new approach that combines information from an ensemble of chemistry climate model (CCM) simulations with historical total column ozone information. The CCM simulations incorporate important external drivers of stratospheric chemistry and dynamics (in particular solar and volcanic effects, greenhouse gases and ozone depleting substances, sea surface temperatures, and the quasi-biennial oscillation). The historical total column ozone observations include ground-based measurements from the 1920s onward and satellite observations from 1970 to 1976. An off-line data assimilation approach is used to combine model simulations, observations, and information on the observation error. The period starting in 1979 was used for validation with existing ozone data sets and therefore only ground-based measurements were assimilated. Results demonstrate considerable skill from the CCM simulations alone. Assimilating observations provides additional skill for total column ozone. With respect to the vertical ozone distribution, assimilating observations increases on average the correlation with a reference data set, but does not decrease the mean squared error. Analyses of HISTOZ.1.0 with respect to the effects of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and of the 11 yr solar cycle on stratospheric ozone from 1934 to 1979 qualitatively confirm previous studies that focussed on the post-1979 period. The ENSO signature exhibits a much clearer imprint of a change in strength of the Brewer–Dobson circulation compared to the post-1979 period. The imprint of the 11 yr solar cycle is slightly weaker in the earlier period. Furthermore, the total column ozone increase from the 1950s to around 1970 at northern mid-latitudes is briefly discussed. Indications for contributions of a tropospheric ozone increase, greenhouse gases, and changes in atmospheric circulation are found. Finally, the paper points at several possible future improvements of HISTOZ.1.0.

scholarly journals Improvements to stratospheric chemistry scheme in the UM-UKCA (v10.7) model: solar cycle and heterogeneous reactions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fraser Dennison ◽  
James Keeble ◽  
Olaf Morgenstern ◽  
Guang Zeng ◽  
N. Luke Abraham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
Heterogeneous Reactions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Cold Bias ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Antarctic Polar Vortex ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. Improvements are made to two areas of the United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosol (UKCA) module, which forms part of the Met Office Unified Model (UM) used for weather and climate applications. Firstly, a solar cycle is added to the photolysis scheme. The effect on total column ozone of this addition was found to be around 1–2 % in mid-latitude and equatorial regions in phase with the solar cycle. Secondly, reactions occurring on the surfaces of polar stratospheric clouds and sulfate aerosol are updated and extended by modification of the uptake coefficients of five existing reactions and the addition of a further eight reactions involving bromine species. These modifications are shown to reduce the overabundance of modeled total-column ozone in the Arctic during October to February, southern mid-latitudes during August, and the Antarctic during September. Antarctic springtime ozone depletion is shown to be enhanced by 25 DU on average, which now causes the ozone hole to be somewhat too deep compared to observations. We show that this is in part due to a cold bias of the Antarctic polar vortex in the model.

scholarly journals On the relationship between total ozone and atmospheric dynamics and chemistry at mid-latitudes – Part 1: Statistical models and spatial fingerprints of atmospheric dynamics and chemistry

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 13161-13199 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Frossard ◽  
H. E. Rieder ◽  
M. Ribatet ◽  
J. Staehelin ◽  
J. A. Maeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Atmospheric Dynamics ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. We use models for mean and extreme values of total column ozone on spatial scales to analyze "fingerprints" of atmospheric dynamics and chemistry on long-term ozone changes at northern and southern mid-latitudes. The r-largest order statistics method is used for pointwise analysis of extreme events in low and high total ozone (termed ELOs and EHOs, respectively). For the corresponding mean value analysis a pointwise autoregressive moving average model (ARMA) is used. The statistical models include important atmospheric covariates to describe the dynamical and chemical state of the atmosphere: the solar cycle, the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO), ozone depleting substances (ODS) in terms of equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO), the El~Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and aerosol load after the volcanic eruptions of El Chichón and Mt. Pinatubo. The influence of the individual covariates on mean and extreme levels in total column ozone is derived on a grid cell basis. The results show that "fingerprints", i.e., significant influence, of dynamical and chemical features are captured in both the "bulk" and the tails of the ozone distribution, respectively described by means and EHOs/ELOs. While results for the solar cycle, QBO and EESC are in good agreement with findings of earlier studies, unprecedented spatial fingerprints are retrieved for the dynamical covariates.

scholarly journals Simulation of solar-cycle response in tropical total column ozone using SORCE irradiance

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1867-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-F. Li ◽  
X. Jiang ◽  
M.-C. Liang ◽  
Y. L. Yung
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Spectral Irradiance ◽  
Naval Research ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Model Input ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. Total column ozone (XO3) abundance in Earth's atmosphere is intimately related to atmospheric chemistry and dynamics. Understanding the solar-cycle modulations of XO3 helps distinguish anthropogenic perturbations from natural variability during the ozone recovery. Here, the solar-cycle signal of tropical XO3 in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) model has been examined using solar spectral irradiance (SSI) estimated from the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) solar model and that from recent satellite measurements observed by the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE). Four experiments have been conducted with NRL/SORCE SSI and climatological/realistic sea surface temperatures and ice, and all other variability is fixed. In the tropical region 24° S–24° N, using the SORCE SSI as a model input leads to a solar-cycle response of ~5.4 DU/100F10.7, which is ~2 times of that obtained using NRL SSI. The results are slightly different in the presence of El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) when realistic SST/ice is used, but these differences are within the regression uncertainty of ~0.6 DU/100F10.7. The solar-cycle responses simulated using SORCE SSI agree with those obtained from the merged TOMS/SBUV satellite observations. Using NRL SSI as a model input results in solar-cycle responses that are closer to the ground-based observations, although the accuracy of the latter is limited by the number of stations in the tropics. In all model experiments, the tropical distribution of the solar-cycle response is constant to within ~0.5 DU/100F10.7, which is of the same order as the regression uncertainty. The spatial structures of the regression uncertainty are shown to be correlated with ENSO in the Pacific region. The solar-cycle response obtained using SORCE SSI implies a maximum change in lower stratospheric temperature of ~0.8 K. This may lead to significant impacts on the model solar-cycle responses in atmospheric circulation, precipitation and other hydrological variables that are important for the climate change.

scholarly journals The 1985 Southern Hemisphere mid-latitude total column ozone anomaly

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (21) ◽  
pp. 5625-5637 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Bodeker ◽  
H. Garny ◽  
D. Smale ◽  
M. Dameris ◽  
R. Deckert
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Total Column ◽  
Daily Total

Abstract. One of the most significant events in the evolution of the ozone layer over southern mid-latitudes since the late 1970s was the large decrease observed in 1985. This event remains unexplained and a detailed investigation of the mechanisms responsible for the event has not previously been undertaken. In this study, the 1985 Southern Hemisphere mid-latitude total column ozone anomaly is analyzed in detail based on observed daily total column ozone fields, stratospheric dynamical fields, and calculated diagnostics of stratospheric mixing. The 1985 anomaly appears to result from a combination of (i) an anomaly in the meridional circulation resulting from the westerly phase of the equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), (ii) weaker transport of ozone from its tropical mid-stratosphere source across the sub-tropical barrier to mid-latitudes related to the particular phasing of the QBO with respect to the annual cycle, and (iii) a solar cycle induced reduction in ozone. Similar QBO and solar cycle influences prevailed in 1997 and 2006 when again total column ozone was found to be suppressed over southern mid-latitudes. The results based on observations are compared and contrasted with analyses of ozone and dynamical fields from the ECHAM4.L39(DLR)/CHEM coupled chemistry-climate model (hereafter referred to as E39C). Equatorial winds in the E39C model are nudged towards observed winds between 10° S and 10° N and the ability of this model to produce an ozone anomaly in 1985, similar to that observed, confirms the role of the QBO in effecting the anomaly.

scholarly journals Improvements to stratospheric chemistry scheme in the UM-UKCA (v10.7) model: solar cycle and heterogeneous reactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1227-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fraser Dennison ◽  
James Keeble ◽  
Olaf Morgenstern ◽  
Guang Zeng ◽  
N. Luke Abraham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
Heterogeneous Reactions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Cold Bias ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Antarctic Polar Vortex ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. Improvements are made to two areas of the United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosol (UKCA) module, which forms part of the Met Office Unified Model (UM) used for weather and climate applications. Firstly, a solar cycle is added to the photolysis scheme. The effect on total column ozone of this addition was found to be around 1 %–2 % in midlatitude and equatorial regions, in phase with the solar cycle. Secondly, reactions occurring on the surfaces of polar stratospheric clouds and sulfate aerosol are updated and extended by modification of the uptake coefficients of five existing reactions and the addition of a further eight reactions involving bromine species. These modifications are shown to reduce the overabundance of modelled total column ozone in the Arctic during October to February, southern midlatitudes during August and the Antarctic during September. Antarctic springtime ozone depletion is shown to be enhanced by 25 DU on average, which now causes the ozone hole to be somewhat too deep compared to observations. We show that this is in part due to a cold bias of the Antarctic polar vortex in the model.

Evaluation of the Total Column Ozone and Tropospheric Ozone in the CCMI-1 Models over East Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-229
Author(s):  
Seo-Yeon Kim ◽  
Sunmin Park ◽  
Seok-Woo Son
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
Total Column

scholarly journals Spatial mapping of ground-based observations of total ozone

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4487-4505 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-L. Chang ◽  
S. Guillas ◽  
V. E. Fioletov
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Interpolation ◽  
Stochastic Partial Differential Equation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Total Column ◽  
Ozone Levels

Abstract. Total column ozone variations estimated using ground-based stations provide important independent source of information in addition to satellite-based estimates. This estimation has been vigorously challenged by data inhomogeneity in time and by the irregularity of the spatial distribution of stations, as well as by interruptions in observation records. Furthermore, some stations have calibration issues and thus observations may drift. In this paper we compare the spatial interpolation of ozone levels using the novel stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) approach with the covariance-based kriging. We show how these new spatial predictions are more accurate, less uncertain and more robust. We construct long-term zonal means to investigate the robustness against the absence of measurements at some stations as well as instruments drifts. We conclude that time series analyzes can benefit from the SPDE approach compared to the covariance-based kriging when stations are missing, but the positive impact of the technique is less pronounced in the case of drifts.

scholarly journals Characterizing ozone throughout the atmospheric column over the tropical Andes from in situ and remote sensing observations

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cazorla ◽  
René Parra ◽  
Edgar Herrera ◽  
Francisco Raimundo da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Atmospheric Ozone ◽  
Tropical Andes ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Boundary Layer Height ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
Total Column

In this study, we characterize atmospheric ozone over the tropical Andes in the boundary layer, the free troposphere, and the stratosphere; we quantify each contribution to total column ozone, and we evaluate the performance of the multi-sensor reanalysis (MSR2) in the region. Thus, we present data taken in Ecuador and Peru (2014–2019). The contribution from the surface was determined by integrating ozone concentrations measured in Quito and Cuenca (Ecuador) up to boundary layer height. In addition, tropospheric and stratospheric column ozone were quantified from ozone soundings (38) launched from Quito during the study time period. Profiles were compared against soundings at Natal (SHADOZ network) for being the closest observational reference with sufficient data in 2014–2019. Data were also compared against stratospheric mixing ratios from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (Aura MLS). Findings demonstrate that the stratospheric component of total column ozone over the Andes (225.2 ± 8.9 Dobson Units [DU]) is at similar levels as those observed at Natal (223.3 ± 8.6 DU), and observations are comparable to Aura MLS data. In contrast, the tropospheric contribution is lower over the Andes (20.2 ± 4.3 DU) when compared to Natal (35.4 ± 6.4 DU) due to a less deep and cleaner troposphere. From sounding extrapolation of Quito profiles down to sea level, we determined that altitude deducts about 5–7 DU from the total column, which coincides with a 3%–4% overestimation of the MSR2 over Quito and Marcapomacocha (Peru). In addition, when MSR2 data are compared along a transect that crosses from the Amazon over Quito, the Ecuadorian coast side, and into the Pacific, observations are not significantly different among the three first locations. Results point to coarse reanalysis resolution not being suitable to resolve the formidable altitude transition imposed by the Andes mountain chain. This work advances our knowledge of atmospheric ozone over the study region and provides a robust time series of upper air measurements for future evaluations of satellite and reanalysis products.

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