scholarly journals Simulation of solar-cycle response in tropical total column ozone using SORCE irradiance

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1867-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-F. Li ◽  
X. Jiang ◽  
M.-C. Liang ◽  
Y. L. Yung
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Spectral Irradiance ◽  
Naval Research ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Model Input ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. Total column ozone (XO3) abundance in Earth's atmosphere is intimately related to atmospheric chemistry and dynamics. Understanding the solar-cycle modulations of XO3 helps distinguish anthropogenic perturbations from natural variability during the ozone recovery. Here, the solar-cycle signal of tropical XO3 in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) model has been examined using solar spectral irradiance (SSI) estimated from the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) solar model and that from recent satellite measurements observed by the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE). Four experiments have been conducted with NRL/SORCE SSI and climatological/realistic sea surface temperatures and ice, and all other variability is fixed. In the tropical region 24° S–24° N, using the SORCE SSI as a model input leads to a solar-cycle response of ~5.4 DU/100F10.7, which is ~2 times of that obtained using NRL SSI. The results are slightly different in the presence of El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) when realistic SST/ice is used, but these differences are within the regression uncertainty of ~0.6 DU/100F10.7. The solar-cycle responses simulated using SORCE SSI agree with those obtained from the merged TOMS/SBUV satellite observations. Using NRL SSI as a model input results in solar-cycle responses that are closer to the ground-based observations, although the accuracy of the latter is limited by the number of stations in the tropics. In all model experiments, the tropical distribution of the solar-cycle response is constant to within ~0.5 DU/100F10.7, which is of the same order as the regression uncertainty. The spatial structures of the regression uncertainty are shown to be correlated with ENSO in the Pacific region. The solar-cycle response obtained using SORCE SSI implies a maximum change in lower stratospheric temperature of ~0.8 K. This may lead to significant impacts on the model solar-cycle responses in atmospheric circulation, precipitation and other hydrological variables that are important for the climate change.

scholarly journals A global historical ozone data set and prominent features of stratospheric variability prior to 1979

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 9623-9639 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Brönnimann ◽  
J. Bhend ◽  
J. Franke ◽  
S. Flückiger ◽  
A. M. Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Observation Error ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Ozone Data ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. We present a vertically resolved zonal mean monthly mean global ozone data set spanning the period 1901 to 2007, called HISTOZ.1.0. It is based on a new approach that combines information from an ensemble of chemistry climate model (CCM) simulations with historical total column ozone information. The CCM simulations incorporate important external drivers of stratospheric chemistry and dynamics (in particular solar and volcanic effects, greenhouse gases and ozone depleting substances, sea surface temperatures, and the quasi-biennial oscillation). The historical total column ozone observations include ground-based measurements from the 1920s onward and satellite observations from 1970 to 1976. An off-line data assimilation approach is used to combine model simulations, observations, and information on the observation error. The period starting in 1979 was used for validation with existing ozone data sets and therefore only ground-based measurements were assimilated. Results demonstrate considerable skill from the CCM simulations alone. Assimilating observations provides additional skill for total column ozone. With respect to the vertical ozone distribution, assimilating observations increases on average the correlation with a reference data set, but does not decrease the mean squared error. Analyses of HISTOZ.1.0 with respect to the effects of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and of the 11 yr solar cycle on stratospheric ozone from 1934 to 1979 qualitatively confirm previous studies that focussed on the post-1979 period. The ENSO signature exhibits a much clearer imprint of a change in strength of the Brewer–Dobson circulation compared to the post-1979 period. The imprint of the 11 yr solar cycle is slightly weaker in the earlier period. Furthermore, the total column ozone increase from the 1950s to around 1970 at northern mid-latitudes is briefly discussed. Indications for contributions of a tropospheric ozone increase, greenhouse gases, and changes in atmospheric circulation are found. Finally, the paper points at several possible future improvements of HISTOZ.1.0.

scholarly journals Uncertainty analysis of total ozone derived from direct solar irradiance spectra in the presence of unknown spectral deviations

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 3595-3610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Vaskuri ◽  
Petri Kärhä ◽  
Luca Egli ◽  
Julian Gröbner ◽  
Erkki Ikonen
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
Monte Carlo Model ◽  
Spectral Irradiance ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
Ozone Column ◽  
Total Column ◽  
Local Noon ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. We demonstrate the use of a Monte Carlo model to estimate the uncertainties in total ozone column (TOC) derived from ground-based direct solar spectral irradiance measurements. The model estimates the effects of possible systematic spectral deviations in the solar irradiance spectra on the uncertainties in retrieved TOC. The model is tested with spectral data measured with three different spectroradiometers at an intercomparison campaign of the research project “Traceability for atmospheric total column ozone” at Izaña, Tenerife on 17 September 2016. The TOC values derived at local noon have expanded uncertainties of 1.3 % (3.6 DU) for a high-end scanning spectroradiometer, 1.5 % (4.4 DU) for a high-end array spectroradiometer, and 4.7 % (13.3 DU) for a roughly adopted instrument based on commercially available components and an array spectroradiometer when correlations are taken into account. When neglecting the effects of systematic spectral deviations, the uncertainties reduce by a factor of 3. The TOC results of all devices have good agreement with each other, within the uncertainties, and with the reference values of the order of 282 DU during the analysed day, measured with Brewer spectrophotometer #183.

scholarly journals Monte Carlo method for determining uncertainty of total ozone derived from direct solar irradiance spectra: Application to Izaña results

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Vaskuri ◽  
Petri Kärhä ◽  
Luca Egli ◽  
Julian Gröbner ◽  
Erkki Ikonen
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
Monte Carlo Model ◽  
Spectral Irradiance ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Solar Spectral Irradiance ◽  
Irradiance Data ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
Ozone Column ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. We demonstrate a Monte Carlo model to calculate the uncertainties of total ozone column, TOC, derived from ground-based directional solar spectral irradiance measurements. The model takes into account effects that correlations in the spectral irradiance data may have on the results. The model is tested with spectral data measured with three different spectroradiometers at an intercomparison campaign of the research project Traceability for atmospheric total column ozone at Izaña, Tenerife on 17 September 2016. The TOC values derived at noon have expanded uncertainties of 1.3 % for a high-end scanning spectroradiometer, 1.3 % for a high-end array spectroradiometer, and 3.3 % for a roughly adopted instrument based on commercially available components and an array spectroradiometer. The level of TOC measured with reference Brewer spectrophotometer #183 is of the order of 282 DU during the analysed day and in agreement with the results of the two former instruments.

scholarly journals A new ENSO index derived from satellite measurements of column ozone

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 3711-3721 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Ziemke ◽  
S. Chandra ◽  
L. D. Oman ◽  
P. K. Bhartia
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Enso Events ◽  
Gas Measurements ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Total Column ◽  
Enso Index

Abstract. Column Ozone measured in tropical latitudes from Nimbus 7 total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS), Earth Probe TOMS, solar backscatter ultraviolet (SBUV), and Aura ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) are used to derive an El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index. This index, which covers a time period from 1979 to the present, is defined as the "Ozone ENSO Index" (OEI) and is the first developed from atmospheric trace gas measurements. The OEI is constructed by first averaging monthly mean column ozone over two broad regions in the western and eastern Pacific and then taking their difference. This differencing yields a self-calibrating ENSO index which is independent of individual instrument calibration offsets and drifts in measurements over the long record. The combined Aura OMI and MLS ozone data confirm that zonal variability in total column ozone in the tropics caused by ENSO events lies almost entirely in the troposphere. As a result, the OEI can be derived directly from total column ozone instead of tropospheric column ozone. For clear-sky ozone measurements a +1 K change in Nino 3.4 index corresponds to +2.9 Dobson Unit (DU) change in the OEI, while a +1 hPa change in SOI coincides with a −1.7 DU change in the OEI. For ozone measurements under all cloud conditions these numbers are +2.4 DU and −1.4 DU, respectively. As an ENSO index based upon ozone, it is potentially useful in evaluating climate models predicting long term changes in ozone and other trace gases.

scholarly journals The 1985 southern hemisphere mid-latitude total column ozone anomaly

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 7137-7169
Author(s):  
G. E. Bodeker ◽  
H. Garny ◽  
D. Smale ◽  
M. Dameris ◽  
R. Deckert
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Local Reduction ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. One of the most significant events in the evolution of the ozone layer over southern mid-latitudes since the late 1970s was the large decrease observed in 1985. This event remains unexplained and most state-of-the-art atmospheric chemistry-transport models are unable to reproduce it. In this study, the 1985 southern hemisphere mid-latitude total column ozone anomaly is analyzed in detail based on observed daily total column ozone fields, stratospheric dynamical fields, and calculated diagnostics of stratospheric mixing. The 1985 anomaly appears to result from a combination of (i) an anomaly in the meridional circulation resulting from the westerly phase of the equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), (ii) weaker transport of ozone from its tropical mid-stratosphere source across the sub-tropical barrier to mid-latitudes related to the particular phasing of the QBO with respect to the annual cycle, and (iii) a solar cycle induced local reduction in ozone. The results based on observations are compared and contrasted with analyses of ozone and dynamical fields from the ECHAM4.L39(DLR)/CHEM coupled chemistry-climate model (hereafter referred to as E39C). Equatorial winds in the E39C model are nudged towards observed winds between 10° S and 10° N and the ability of this model to produce an ozone anomaly in 1985, similar to that observed, confirms the role of the QBO in the anomaly.

scholarly journals El Niño–Southern Oscillation in Tropical and Midlatitude Column Ozone

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1911-1921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingqian Wang ◽  
Steven Pawson ◽  
Baijun Tian ◽  
Mao-Chang Liang ◽  
Run-Lie Shia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Niño Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Nino Southern Oscillation ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Tropical Tropopause ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
Total Column

Abstract The impacts of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the tropical total column ozone, the tropical tropopause pressure, and the 3.5-yr ozone signal in the midlatitude total column ozone were examined using the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry–Climate Model (GEOS CCM). Observed monthly mean sea surface temperature and sea ice between 1951 and 2004 were used as boundary conditions for the model. Since the model includes no solar cycle, quasi-biennial oscillation, or volcanic forcing, the ENSO signal was found to dominate the tropical total column ozone variability. Principal component analysis was applied to the detrended, deseasonalized, and low-pass filtered model outputs. The first mode of model total column ozone captured 63.8% of the total variance. The spatial pattern of this mode was similar to that in Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) observations. There was also a clear ENSO signal in the tropical tropopause pressure in the GEOS CCM, which is related to the ENSO signal in the total column ozone. The regression coefficient between the model total column ozone and the model tropopause pressure was 0.71 Dobson units (DU) hPa−1. The GEOS CCM was also used to investigate a possible mechanism for the 3.5-yr signal observed in the midlatitude total column ozone. The 3.5-yr signal in the GEOS CCM column ozone is similar to that in the observations, which suggests that a model with realistic ENSO can reproduce the 3.5-yr signal. Hence, it is likely that the 3.5-yr signal was caused by ENSO.

scholarly journals Improvements to stratospheric chemistry scheme in the UM-UKCA (v10.7) model: solar cycle and heterogeneous reactions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fraser Dennison ◽  
James Keeble ◽  
Olaf Morgenstern ◽  
Guang Zeng ◽  
N. Luke Abraham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
Heterogeneous Reactions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Cold Bias ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Antarctic Polar Vortex ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. Improvements are made to two areas of the United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosol (UKCA) module, which forms part of the Met Office Unified Model (UM) used for weather and climate applications. Firstly, a solar cycle is added to the photolysis scheme. The effect on total column ozone of this addition was found to be around 1–2 % in mid-latitude and equatorial regions in phase with the solar cycle. Secondly, reactions occurring on the surfaces of polar stratospheric clouds and sulfate aerosol are updated and extended by modification of the uptake coefficients of five existing reactions and the addition of a further eight reactions involving bromine species. These modifications are shown to reduce the overabundance of modeled total-column ozone in the Arctic during October to February, southern mid-latitudes during August, and the Antarctic during September. Antarctic springtime ozone depletion is shown to be enhanced by 25 DU on average, which now causes the ozone hole to be somewhat too deep compared to observations. We show that this is in part due to a cold bias of the Antarctic polar vortex in the model.

scholarly journals On the relationship between total ozone and atmospheric dynamics and chemistry at mid-latitudes – Part 1: Statistical models and spatial fingerprints of atmospheric dynamics and chemistry

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 13161-13199 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Frossard ◽  
H. E. Rieder ◽  
M. Ribatet ◽  
J. Staehelin ◽  
J. A. Maeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Atmospheric Dynamics ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. We use models for mean and extreme values of total column ozone on spatial scales to analyze "fingerprints" of atmospheric dynamics and chemistry on long-term ozone changes at northern and southern mid-latitudes. The r-largest order statistics method is used for pointwise analysis of extreme events in low and high total ozone (termed ELOs and EHOs, respectively). For the corresponding mean value analysis a pointwise autoregressive moving average model (ARMA) is used. The statistical models include important atmospheric covariates to describe the dynamical and chemical state of the atmosphere: the solar cycle, the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO), ozone depleting substances (ODS) in terms of equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO), the El~Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and aerosol load after the volcanic eruptions of El Chichón and Mt. Pinatubo. The influence of the individual covariates on mean and extreme levels in total column ozone is derived on a grid cell basis. The results show that "fingerprints", i.e., significant influence, of dynamical and chemical features are captured in both the "bulk" and the tails of the ozone distribution, respectively described by means and EHOs/ELOs. While results for the solar cycle, QBO and EESC are in good agreement with findings of earlier studies, unprecedented spatial fingerprints are retrieved for the dynamical covariates.

scholarly journals The 1985 Southern Hemisphere mid-latitude total column ozone anomaly

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (21) ◽  
pp. 5625-5637 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Bodeker ◽  
H. Garny ◽  
D. Smale ◽  
M. Dameris ◽  
R. Deckert
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Total Column ◽  
Daily Total

Abstract. One of the most significant events in the evolution of the ozone layer over southern mid-latitudes since the late 1970s was the large decrease observed in 1985. This event remains unexplained and a detailed investigation of the mechanisms responsible for the event has not previously been undertaken. In this study, the 1985 Southern Hemisphere mid-latitude total column ozone anomaly is analyzed in detail based on observed daily total column ozone fields, stratospheric dynamical fields, and calculated diagnostics of stratospheric mixing. The 1985 anomaly appears to result from a combination of (i) an anomaly in the meridional circulation resulting from the westerly phase of the equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), (ii) weaker transport of ozone from its tropical mid-stratosphere source across the sub-tropical barrier to mid-latitudes related to the particular phasing of the QBO with respect to the annual cycle, and (iii) a solar cycle induced reduction in ozone. Similar QBO and solar cycle influences prevailed in 1997 and 2006 when again total column ozone was found to be suppressed over southern mid-latitudes. The results based on observations are compared and contrasted with analyses of ozone and dynamical fields from the ECHAM4.L39(DLR)/CHEM coupled chemistry-climate model (hereafter referred to as E39C). Equatorial winds in the E39C model are nudged towards observed winds between 10° S and 10° N and the ability of this model to produce an ozone anomaly in 1985, similar to that observed, confirms the role of the QBO in effecting the anomaly.

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