Rheological response of soft flake-shaped carbonyl iron water-based MR fluid containing iron nanopowder with hydrophilic carbon shell

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Shekhar Maurya ◽  
Chiranjit Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Carbonyl Iron ◽  
Carbon Shell ◽  
Mr Fluid ◽  
Rheological Response ◽  
Water Based

Dynamic and creep and recovery performance of Fe3O4 nanoparticle and carbonyl iron microparticle water-based magnetorheological fluid

2021 ◽  
pp. 1045389X2110263
Author(s):  
Chandra Shekhar Maurya ◽  
Chiranjit Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Viscoelastic Material ◽  
Carbonyl Iron ◽  
Applied Strain ◽  
Plateau Region ◽  
Mr Fluid ◽  
Creep And Recovery ◽  
Linear Viscoelastic Material ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Stress Levels

This study investigates dynamic mechanical properties and creep and recovery behaviors of disc-shaped magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles with carbonyl iron (CI) flake-shaped microparticles in water-based MR fluid. The experimental study is performed using a parallel plate rheometer. Dynamic performance and creep and recovery behaviors help understand deformation mechanism for its practical applications in MR devices like seismic vibration control, active dampers, earthquake dampers, etc., under applied strain, and stress levels. The oscillatory experiment reveals a transition from viscoelastic-to-viscous behavior at the critical strain of 0.1%. The storage modulus [Formula: see text] of CI/Fe3O4 MR fluid showed a stable plateau region over the small strain area and storage modulus [Formula: see text] independent of strain amplitude. The frequency experiment demonstrated that storage moduli [Formula: see text] exhibit elastic response and stable plateau region over the complete external frequency range, suggesting the distinguished solid-like behavior of the MR fluid. Creep and recovery experiments showed that fluid acts as a linear viscoelastic material at lower stress levels. As the stress levels increase, the contribution of retardation strain and viscous strain decreases, and it acts like nonlinear viscoelastic material. In summary, this work is expected to obtain MR fluid results for application in MR devices under applied strain, frequencies, and constant stress levels.

PREPARATION AND ABRASION PROPERTIES OF MAGNETO-RHEOLOGICAL FLUID OF DISPERSED SILICA-COATED IRON

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (07n09) ◽  
pp. 1121-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SHIBAYAMA ◽  
T. OTOMO ◽  
Y. AKAGAMI ◽  
K. SHIMADA ◽  
T. FUJITA
Keyword(s):  
Carbonyl Iron ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Iron Particles ◽  
Mr Fluid ◽  
Abrasion Test ◽  
Silicon Oil ◽  
Mr Fluids ◽  
Transmission Oil ◽  
Magneto Rheological

In this study, a magneto-rheological fluid dispersed by silica-coated iron was developed and its properties such as fluid viscosity (shear stress or shear rate) and abrasion were investigated. The metallic iron coated by silica dispersed in magneto-rheological fluid was prepared by H 2 reducing of precipitated magnetite ( Fe 3 O 4). Then, the magneto-rheological fluid (MR fluid) for the seal was prepared with silica-coated iron or carbonyl iron (HQ type; diameter of 1.6-1.9 10-6m) and two solvent oils i.e. silicon oil (SH200cv, 10000cSt) and CVT oil (T-CVTF, automobile transmission oil). It was observed that the MR fluid viscosity of CVT oil with HQ particles is lower in every fluid condition. Furthermore, the surface roughness of polyvinyl plate after abrasion test for MR fluid with silica coated iron and CVT oil as solvent was higher compared to the other types of MR fluids. The results indicated that carbonyl iron (spherical particles) and silica-coated iron particles dispersed in silicon oil are feasible to be used where the low abrasion in mechanics is required.

PROTEIN-Fe MR FLUID AND ITS PROPERTIES

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (17n18) ◽  
pp. 2399-2404
Author(s):  
LIN HU ◽  
SHAOHONG CAI ◽  
CHAOPING ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Carbonyl Iron ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Sedimentation Stability ◽  
Mr Fluid ◽  
Emulsion Technique ◽  
Micro Emulsion ◽  
Ir Analysis

The MRF consisted of protein-Fe particles prepared by micro emulsion technique has been studied. The process of protein-Fe preparation and its characterization with XRD, SEM and IR analysis are reported. The magnetorheological and temperature effects, as well as sedimentation stability of protein-Fe MRF have been investigated. The results show that the protein-Fe particles are composite of crystalline α-Fe coated with non-crystalline protein. The protein-Fe MR fluid has strong magnetorhological effect, while its sedimentation stability is much improved comparing to that of carbonyl iron MRF.

Ultra Smooth Planarization Polishing Technique Based on the Cluster Magnetorheological Effect

2010 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu Sheng Yan ◽  
Jie Wen Yan ◽  
Jia Bin Lu ◽  
Wei Qiang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Carbonyl Iron ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Optical Glass ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Polished Surface ◽  
Mr Fluid ◽  
Magnetorheological Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mr Effect

A new planarization polishing method based on the cluster magnetorheological (MR) effect is presented to polish optical glass in this paper. Some process experiments were conducted to reveal the influence of the content of carbonyl iron and the abrasive materials in the MR fluid on the machining effect, and the machining characteristic of polished surface was studied. The results indicate that the surface roughness of the polished workpiece can be reduced rapidly when the strong magnetic field is applied, and ultra smooth surface with Ra 1.4 nm can be achieved while the CeO2 abrasives are used in the MR fluid. The content of carbonyl iron obviously influences the machining effect of this planarization polishing method based on cluster MR-effect. With the increase of the content of carbonyl iron in the MR fluid, the material removal rate improves and the surface roughness reduces rapidly. However, the difference of abrasive material results in various machining effects. As for the K9 optical glass, the CeO2 abrasive is better polishing abrasive than the SiC abrasive in the planarization polishing technique based on the cluster MR-effect.

Tensile Stress-Strain Relationships of Magnetorheological Fluids under Various Factors

2009 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saiful Amri Mazlan ◽  
Ahmed Issa ◽  
H.A. Chowdhury ◽  
Abdul Ghani Olabi
Keyword(s):  
Particle Density ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Mr Fluid ◽  
Flux Lines ◽  
Loading Mode ◽  
Mr Fluids ◽  
Water Based

This paper presents experimental investigations of three MR fluid types under the influence of several factors in tension loading mode. One MR fluid was water-based, MRF-241ES, while the other two were both hydro-carbon based, MRF-132DG and MRF-122-2ED. The magnetic properties of the MR fluids varied significantly due to a higher particle density in the water-based MR fluid compared to the hydrocarbon-based MR fluids. Tension as a squeeze mode, is as an operational mode where two flat parallel surfaces, standing opposite to each other, are pulled apart from each other by an external force, acting along the path of the magnetic flux lines. The experiments were performed in a vertical direction in the environment of a DC magnetic field. Stress-strain curves of the MR fluids under tension showed similar characteristics despite the fact that different types of the carrier fluids were used. The results revealed that the magnitude of the stress, for a given strain value, depended on the applied current and the initial gap size. It was found that, for higher applied currents and smaller initial gap sizes, there were larger stress values. However, the tensile speed had no significant effect on the stress-strain curves of MR fluids.

Synthesis and characterization of novel flake-shaped carbonyl iron and water-based magnetorheological fluids using laponite and oleic acid with enhanced sedimentation stability

2021 ◽  
pp. 1045389X2098700
Author(s):  
Chandra Shekhar Maurya ◽  
Chiranjit Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Magnetic Field Strength ◽  
Carbonyl Iron ◽  
Vibration Isolation ◽  
Zero Field ◽  
Sedimentation Stability ◽  
Mr Fluids ◽  
Water Based

In this study, micron-sized flake shaped carbonyl iron (CI) water-based MR fluids were prepared with adding laponite and oleic acid as an additive and surfactant, respectively. The MR suspensions are comprised of the fixed CI particles and water weight %, while weight % of laponite and oleic acid changes from 1 to 3 wt% and 0.5 to 1.5 wt%, respectively. The remarkable enhancement in magnetorheological properties was obtained with improved sedimentation stability for CI/water MR suspensions with the addition of laponite and oleic acid. It was found that at the lowest magnetic field strength, the higher laponite concentration is effective, while at the highest magnetic field strength, the smaller concentration was effective. It was because of the combined effect of the field-induced CI chains and the laponite clay gel network. Its storage moduli showed a stable plateau area for whole angular frequencies, suggesting distinguished solid-like behavior of the MR fluid. Finally, a novel correlation was obtained between the initial settling rate of the CI particles and magnetorheological behavior of CI/laponite/OA MR suspensions with 1 wt% laponite and 0.5 wt% oleic acid, which has less zero-field, high on-state shear stress with enhanced sedimentation stability. The prepared MR fluids are a reliable industrial application vibration-isolation, clutch, and brake.

scholarly journals Enhanced Magnetorheological Performance of Carbonyl Iron Suspension Added With Barium Ferrite Nanoparticle

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo Seon Jang ◽  
Qi Lu ◽  
Hyoung Jin Choi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Carbonyl Iron ◽  
Barium Ferrite ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Vibrating Sample Magnetometry ◽  
Mr Fluid ◽  
Mr Fluids ◽  
Ferrite Nanoparticle ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Mr Characteristics

Hard-magnetic barium ferrite (BF) nanoparticles with a hexagonal plate-like structure were used as an additive to a carbonyl iron (CI) microparticle-based magnetorheological (MR) fluid. The morphology of the pristine CI and CI/BF mixture particles was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The saturation magnetization and coercivity values of each particle were measured in the powder state by vibrating sample magnetometry. The MR characteristics of the CI/BF MR fluid measured using a rotation rheometer under a range of magnetic field strengths were compared with those of the CI-based MR fluid. The flow behavior of both MR fluids was fitted using a Herschel–Bulkley model, and their stress relaxation phenomenon was examined using the Schwarzl equation. The MR fluid with the BF additive showed higher dynamic and elastic yield stresses than the MR fluid without the BF additive as the magnetic field strength increased. Furthermore, the BF nanoparticles embedded in the space between the CI microparticles improved the dispersion stability and the MR performance of the MR fluid.

MAGNETORHEOLOGY OF CARBONYL-IRON SUSPENSION WITH IRON/MCM-41 ADDITIVE

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (28n29) ◽  
pp. 4981-4987 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. F. FANG ◽  
B. J. PARK ◽  
H. J. CHOI ◽  
W. S. AHN
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Carbonyl Iron ◽  
Parallel Plate ◽  
Mr Fluid ◽  
Flow Response ◽  
Plate Geometry ◽  
Mesoporous Particles ◽  
Oscillation Characteristics ◽  
Mesoporous Silica Particle ◽  
Mcm 41

Iron containg hexagonal mesoporous silica particle ( Fe - MCM -41) was prepared and adopted into carbonyl-iron ( CI ) based magnetorheological (MR) suspension as an additive to improve the sedimentation problem of the CI based MR fluid. Structural properties and morphology of the synthesized Fe - MCM -41 particles were observed using SEM. Their MR properties such as oscillation characteristics and flow response (shear stress and shear viscosity) were examined via a rotational rheometer in parallel plate geometry equipped with a magnetic field supplier under external magnetic field strengths ranging from 0 to 257 kA/m. The addition of Fe -containing mesoporous particles into CI suspension was found to improve not only MR behaviors but also sedimentation problem of the CI based MR fluid.

Magnetorheological Fluids Behaviour in Tension Loading Mode

2008 ◽  
Vol 47-50 ◽  
pp. 242-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saiful Amri Mazlan ◽  
Ahmed Issa ◽  
Abdul Ghani Olabi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Mr Fluid ◽  
Carrier Fluid ◽  
Mr Fluids ◽  
Water Based

In this paper, the behaviours of three types of MR fluids under quasi-static loadings in tension mode were investigated. One type of water-based and two types of hydrocarbon-based MR fluids were activated by a magnetic field generated by a coil using a constant value of DC electrical current. Experimental results in terms of stress-strain relationships showed that the MR fluids had distinct unique behaviours during the tension process. A high ratio of solid particles to carrier liquid in the MR fluid is an indication of high magnetic properties. The water-based MR fluid had a relatively large solid-to-liquid ratio. At a given applied current, a significant increase in tensile stress was obtained in this fluid type. On the other hand, the hydrocarbon-based MR fluids had relatively lower solid to liquid ratios, whereby, less increases in tensile stress were obtained. The behaviours of MR fluids were dependent on the relative movement between the solid magnetic particles and the carrier fluid. A complication occurs because, in the presence of a magnetic field, there will be a tendency of the carrier fluid to stick with the magnetic particle

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