scholarly journals Update of the fractions of cardiovascular diseases and mental disorders attributable to psychosocial work factors in Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Niedhammer ◽  
Hélène Sultan-Taïeb ◽  
Agnès Parent-Thirion ◽  
Jean-François Chastang
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Job Strain ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Psychosocial Work ◽  
Long Working Hours ◽  
European Working ◽  
Effort Reward Imbalance ◽  
Reward Imbalance

Abstract Objectives The objectives of this study were to provide the fractions of cardiovascular diseases and mental disorders attributable to five psychosocial work exposures, i.e. job strain, effort-reward imbalance, job insecurity, long working hours, and bullying in Europe (35 countries, including 28 European Union countries), for each one and all countries together, in 2015. Methods The prevalences of exposure were estimated using the sample of 35,571 employees from the 2015 European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) for all countries together and each country separately. Relative risks (RR) were obtained via literature reviews and meta-analyses already published. The studied outcomes were: coronary/ischemic heart diseases (CHD), stroke, atrial fibrillation, peripheral artery disease, venous thromboembolism, and depression. Attributable fractions (AF) for each exposure and overall AFs for all exposures together were calculated. Results The AFs of depression were all significant: job strain (17%), job insecurity (9%), bullying (7%), and effort-reward imbalance (6%). Most of the AFs of cardiovascular diseases were significant and lower than 11%. Differences in AFs were observed between countries for depression and for long working hours. Differences between genders were found for long working hours, with higher AFs observed among men than among women for all outcomes. Overall AFs taking all exposures into account ranged between 17 and 35% for depression and between 5 and 11% for CHD. Conclusion The overall burden of depression and cardiovascular diseases attributable to psychosocial work exposures was noticeable. As these exposures are modifiable, preventive policies may be useful to reduce the burden of disease associated with the psychosocial work environment.

Der aktuelle Kenntnisstand über Erkrankungsrisiken durch psychische Arbeitsbelastungen

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renate Rau ◽  
Dajana Buyken
Keyword(s):  
Job Strain ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Soziale Unterstützung ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Emotional Labour ◽  
Typ 2 Diabetes ◽  
Effort Reward Imbalance ◽  
Reward Imbalance

Gefährdungsbeurteilungen psychischer Belastungen erfordern Kenntnisse darüber, welche Arbeitsbelastungen potentiell gesundheitsgefährdend sind. Daher erfolgte eine systematische Suche (PubMed, PsycInfo, PSYNDEX, Web of Science) nach Metaanalysen und systematischen Reviews zum Zusammenhang von Arbeitsbelastungen und Erkrankungen. Suchkriterien für Belastungen waren: work intensity, job demand, job control, job strain, iso-strain, cognitive demands, effort, reward, effort/reward-imbalance, completeness, variety, repetitiveness, emotional labour, working hours, overtime, shift work, social stressors, social support, role stress, bullying and job insecurity; für Erkrankungen: Depression, Angst, Panik, kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen, Typ-2-Diabetes. Die Auswertung von 54 Publikationen ergab, dass hohe Arbeitsintensität, geringer Handlungsspielraum, Job Strain, Effort-Reward-Imbalance, Überstunden, lange Arbeitszeiten, bestimmte Formen von Schichtarbeit, geringe soziale Unterstützung, Rollenstress, Bullying und Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit als potentiell gesundheitsgefährdend einzuschätzen und daher (neben hier nicht untersuchten Arbeitsbelastungen) bei Gefährdungsbeurteilungen berücksichtigt werden sollten.

scholarly journals Association of Work Risk Factors and the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases: Protocol of a Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Moretti Anfossi ◽  
Christian Tobar Fredes ◽  
Eduardo Quiñelen Rojas ◽  
Jamie Ross ◽  
Jenny Head ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Job Strain ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Control Studies

Abstract Background: Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death, representing 31.8% of all global deaths. Several lifestyle behaviours are associated with the development and clinical manifestation of CVDs, however, these behavioural risk factors by themselves do not fully explain the population burden of CVDs. There is increasing recognition that working conditions and risk factors of the work environment are associated with health, including the development of CVDs. We will systematically review observational studies of adults exposed to work risk factors and their association with CVDs.Methods: We will follow the Navigation Guide framework. We will include cohort and case-control studies. The population will be adults of working age (18-65). The exposure will include six categories of work exposure: job strain, effort-reward imbalance, long working hours, job insecurity, shift work and occupational noise; the comparator will be the unexposed group or specified control group. The outcomes will be cerebrovascular diseases, ischaemic heart disease and hypertensive diseases. Published and unpublished studies will be included. The selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment, quality assessment and strength of evidence will be carried out by two reviewers independently and disagreements will be solved by a third. Due to the diversity in the populations and exposures in the studies, the synthesis of the results, the quality and the strength of the evidence will be done by a synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM), following the SWiM reporting guideline.Discussion: This systematic review will identify and synthesise the evidence for the association between work risk factors and risk of CVDs. This work will underpin and inform a broader objective to examine the effectiveness of interventions to minimise the effects of risk factors for CVDs in workplaces, with the final aim of informing occupational health policies in the future. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020179972.

scholarly journals Work stress on rise? Comparative analysis of trends in work stressors using the European working conditions survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rigó ◽  
N. Dragano ◽  
M. Wahrendorf ◽  
J. Siegrist ◽  
T. Lunau
Keyword(s):  
Work Stress ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Job Strain ◽  
Work Stressors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
European Working ◽  
Effort Reward Imbalance ◽  
European Working Conditions Survey ◽  
Reward Imbalance ◽  
Stress At Work

Abstract Objective The rapid transformation of labor markets has been accompanied by the belief of rising stress at work. However, empirical evidence on such trends based on reliable survey data is scarce. This study analyzes long-term trends in well-established measures of work stressors across Europe, as well as potential occupational differences. Methods We use repeated cross-sectional data of 15 European countries from waves 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 of the European Working Conditions Surveys. We apply three-way multilevel regressions (with employees nested in country-years, which are in turn nested in countries) to analyze trends in work stressors measured according to the demand-control and effort-reward imbalance models. Trends by occupational groups are also assessed. Results Our findings suggest that work stress generally increased from 1995 to 2015, and that the increase was mostly driven by psychological demands. People working in lower-skilled occupations had generally higher levels of job strain and effort-reward imbalance, as well as they tend to have a steeper increase in job strain than people working in higher-skilled occupations. Most of the change occurred from 1995 to 2005. Conclusion Our results indicate that work stress has been on rise since 1995, specifically for people working in disadvantageous occupations. This directs the attention to the vulnerable position of the least skilled and also to the use of preventive measures to counteract some of the disadvantages experienced by this occupational group.

Job strain, effort-reward imbalance and neck, shoulder and wrist symptoms among Chinese workers

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanfa Yu ◽  
Akinori Nakata ◽  
GuiZhen Gu ◽  
Naomi G. Swanson ◽  
Lihua He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Job Strain ◽  
Effort Reward Imbalance ◽  
Chinese Workers ◽  
Reward Imbalance

scholarly journals Associations between labour market policies and work stressors

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Lunau ◽  
M Rigó
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Job Strain ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Psychosocial Work ◽  
Work Stressors ◽  
Labour Market Policies ◽  
Psychosocial Working Conditions ◽  
European Working

Abstract Background Many studies have shown that psychosocial work stressors have a negative impact on health. It is therefore important to understand how psychosocial work stressors can be reduced. First cross-sectional studies have shown that working conditions are influenced at the political level. With this study, we want to extend the existing studies by specifically looking at the longitudinal dimension and test if changing labour market policies are related to changes in psychosocial work stressors. Methods We used comparative longitudinal survey data from the European Working Conditions Survey (27 countries; years 2005, 2010, 2015). The measure of psychosocial work stressors is based on two established work stress models: job strain and effort-reward imbalance. To measure labour market policies we used information on active (ALMP) and passive labour market policies (PLMP). 64659 participants were eligible for the ERI analysis and 67114 participants for the analyses on job strain. Estimation results are provided by three-level multilevel regressions. Results An increase in ALMP investments lead to a decrease of ERI and therefore to an improvement in psychosocial working conditions. The analyses for the subcomponents showed that these results are mainly driven by reward: an increase in ALMP investments lead to an increase in rewards. We didn't find significant associations between ALMP and job strain and between a change in PLMP measures and the observed work stressors. Discussion The study extends current knowledge with longitudinal information by showing that an increase in ALMP lead to an increase in rewards and a decrease of ERI. These longitudinal analyses are more closely related to a causal interpretation than previous cross-country analyses. The findings of this study may have important policy implications. Our main result suggests that investments into ALMP can improve certain working conditions and therefore improve workers' health. Key messages Psychosocial work stressors have a negative impact on health. Investments into active labour market policies can improve psychosocial working conditions.

scholarly journals Overtime working patterns and adverse events in work-related suicide cases: hierarchical cluster analysis of national compensation data in Japan (fiscal year 2015–2016)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Nishimura ◽  
Takashi Yamauchi ◽  
Takeshi Sasaki ◽  
Toru Yoshikawa ◽  
Masaya Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Long Working Hours ◽  
Interpersonal Conflicts ◽  
Work Related

Abstract Background Although various work-related adverse events affect workers’ mental health, the association between long working hours and mental disorders remains unclear. We investigated the characteristics of overtime work and work-related adverse events among all cases of compensated work-related suicide in Japan to empirically reveal the context of the serious consequences. Methods We analysed all 167 cases of mental disorders resulting in suicide that were compensated in fiscal year 2015–2016. Hierarchical clustering was applied to the overtime working history. Work-related adverse events were also evaluated as the qualitative aspects of their jobs. Results More than half of the cases committed suicide within a month of developing a mental disorder. The Administrative and professional or engineering workers had a higher suicide rate. The clustering analysis revealed chronic long working hours (19%), gradual increase (27%), or rapid increase (25%) in working hours before the onset of a mental disorder. A group of cases with less overwork experienced more interpersonal conflicts. Conclusion This is the first study to employ a clustering technique to objectively reveal the actual working patterns behind suicide. The patterns of working overtime before the onset of mental disorders varied considerably among the cases. Taking the transition of working overtime into account may provide clearer insight into the relationship between long working hours and workers’ mental health. These results highlight the need for countermeasures especially for causes of chronic overworking, drastic increases in working hours, and interpersonal conflicts to prevent work-related suicide.

Divergent Influence of Different Type A Dimensions on Job Strain and Effort-Reward Imbalance

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taina Hintsa ◽  
Mirka Hintsanen ◽  
Markus Jokela ◽  
Laura Pulkki-Råback ◽  
Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen
Keyword(s):  
Job Strain ◽  
Type A ◽  
Effort Reward Imbalance ◽  
Reward Imbalance

Factors discourage Kuwaiti employees to participate in the private sector labour force (Kuwaitization)

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 969-983
Author(s):  
Abdulla Al-Mutairi ◽  
Kamal Naser ◽  
Fatema Fayez
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Long Working Hours ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Computing Skills ◽  
Low Expectations ◽  
High Standards ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify factors discouraging Kuwaiti nationals from participating in the private sector labour force (Kuwaitization). Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire was distributed to a sample of Kuwaiti nationals to identify the main reasons that prevent them from joining the private sector labour force. Findings The study revealed that low expectations of private sectors’ employers regarding Kuwaiti nationals discourage them from joining the sector. Kuwaiti nationals believe that the private sector employers look for high standards of communication and computing skills. They avoid working for the private sector because some jobs require working for two shifts and long working hours, and they cannot obtain frequent leave. Other factors that appeared to affect Kuwaiti nationals’ participation in the private sector labour force were lack of job security, fewer holidays, difficulty to obtain special pay leave or early retirement at lucrative terms, uncertainty about the prospect of promotion and job insecurity. Research limitations/implications The current study targets Kuwaiti national employees. To formulate a clear picture about the main factors that influence the success or otherwise of the Kuwaitization policy, it is of paramount importance to explore the opinion of the private sector employers. Practical implications The outcome of this study would be used by policymakers to promote Kuwaitization and increase Kuwaiti nationals’ participation in the private sector labour force. This will increase the country’s reliance on its national labour force and ensure sustainable economic and social development. Originality/value The outcome of this study is expected to assist the Kuwaiti authorities in reformulating the current Kuwaitization policies to achieve its objectives. The study is expected to draw some lessons applicable to other Gulf Cooperation Council countries.

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