A cysteine endopeptidase with a C-terminal KDEL motif isolated from castor bean endosperm is a marker enzyme for the ricinosome, a putative lytic compartment

1. The activity of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11) in the fatty endosperm of castor bean (Ricinus communis) increases 25-fold during germination and then declines. The developmental pattern follows that of catalase, a marker enzyme for gluconeogenesis in this tissue. 2. The enzyme at its peak of development was partially purified, and its properties were studied. It has an optimal activity at neutral pH (7.0-8.0). The apparent Km value for fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is 3.8 × 10-5 M. The activity is inhibited by AMP allosterically with an apparent Ki value of 2.2 × 10-4 M. The enzyme hydrolyses fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and not ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate or sedoehptulose 1,7-bisphosphate. 3. Treatment of the partially purified enzyme with acid leads to an 80% decrease in activity. The remaining activity is insensitive to AMP and has optimal activity at pH 6.7 and a high apparent Km value (2.5 × 10-4 M) for fructose 1.6-bisphosphate. Enzyme extracted from the tissue with water instead of buffer has a similar modification. The effect of acid explains the discrepancies between this report and previous ones on the properties of the enzyme in this tissue. 4. The storage tissues of various fatty seedlings all contain a ‘neutral’ fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase. The activities of the enzyme from some of the tissues are inhibited by AMP. 5. The properties of the enzyme in fatty seedlings and in green leaves are discussed in comparison with that in animal tissues.

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Programmed cell death in castor bean endosperm is associated with the accumulation and release of a cysteine endopeptidase from ricinosomes

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.96.24.14159 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 96 (24) ◽

pp. 14159-14164 ◽

Cited By ~ 98

Author(s):

M. Schmid ◽

D. Simpson ◽

C. Gietl

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Programmed Cell Death ◽

Castor Bean ◽

Cysteine Endopeptidase

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Castor-bean acid lipase catalysed hydrolysis of triacylglycerols does not involve C-2 → C-1,3 transacylation

Phytochemistry ◽

10.1016/s0031-9422(00)80632-9 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 23 (12) ◽

pp. 3047-3048

Author(s):

T Diez

Keyword(s):

Castor Bean ◽

Acid Lipase ◽

Hydrolysis Of

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The Toxicity of Castor Beans and its Treatment with Doxycycline in Local Rabbits

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance ◽

10.25258/ijpqa.v9i2.13649 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nael Mohammed Sarheed ◽

Osamah Faisal Kokas ◽

Doaa Abd Alabas Muhammed Ridh

Keyword(s):

Castor Bean ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

High Concentration ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Doxycycline Treatment ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Physiological Tests ◽

Animal House ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

The plant of castor is widely spread in the Iraqi land, and characterized with containing ricin toxin, which has a very serious effects, and because the seeds of this plant scattered in the agricultural soil and rivers water, which increases the exposure of humans and animals to these beans. Objective: This experiment was designed to study the effect of high concentration of castor bean powder in some physiological and biochemical parameters and changes in some tissues of the body, as well as trying to use doxycycline to reduce the effects of ingestion of these seeds. Materials and Methods: In the experiment, 24 local rabbits were raised and fed in the Animal House of the Faculty of Medicine / Al-Muthanna University, then divided into four groups and treated for three weeks (21 days), Control group: treated with normal saline solution (0.9) orally throughout the experiment, G1: was treated orally with a concentration of 25 mg / kg of castor bean powder daily during the experiment, G2 : orally treated 25 mg / kg of castor bean and 25 mg / kg of doxycycline, G3: orally treated 25 mg / kg of castor powder with 50 mg / kg of doxycycline daily throughout the trial period. Results: The results of the experiment showed significant changes (P less than 0.05) in all physiological and biochemical blood tests when compared with control group. There was a significant decrease in PCV, Hb, RBC, T.protein and body weights, while demonstrated a significant increase in WBC, Urea, Creatinine, ALT, AST and ALP, with distortions in liver and kidney of animals that treated with Castor beans. In contrast, the treatment with doxycycline and caster beans showed significant improvement reflected by a normal proportion in physiological tests and biochemical tests with improvement in the tissues when compared to control group. Conclusions: It can be concluded from this study that castor bean has high toxic and pathogenic effects that may be dangerous to the life of the organism. Therefore, it is advisable to be cautious of these pills and avoid exposure to them, also recommended to take high concentrations of doxycycline treatment when infected with castor bean poisoning.

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Evaluation of castorbean samples by economically - valuable traits

Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS ◽

10.36710/ioc-2018-26-05 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 39-48

Keyword(s):

Ricinoleic Acid ◽

Castor Bean ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Oil Content ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Second Order ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Technological Parameters ◽

Potential Yield ◽

Ricinolic Acid

Castor oil (Ricinus communus L.) is an important commercial product. The climatic conditions of Ukraine determine the possibility of growing the castor as an annual crop. At the Institute of Oilseeds NAAS studied castor collection. The aim of the work was the selection of the most promising samples of castor oil, combining a large yield potential in a narrow range of vertical distribution for optimal technological parameters of mechanical harvesting with a high content of oil in seeds and ricinolic acid in oil. In the experience of 2015-2016, the manifestation of morphological features of 17 castor bean samples was studied. The height of plants, individual samples among themselves differed more than twice. Long-brush samples of ЕР118, К374, М203, К159 are distinguished on the basis of the length of the brush. The shortest brush was observed in sample K1008. The length of the productive brush in the studied samples is from 10.7 to 32.9 cm. Most castor bean samples under favorable conditions form brushes of the second and higher orders. According to this parameter, samples of Ep118 and selection No. 38 with four inflorescences of the second order are of the greatest interest. The largest brushes of the second order are similar in size to the brushes of the first order were observed in the samples: К1127, К810, К153. The adaptability of harvesting castor beads requires that the brushes of the first and second order coincide in height with each other, since the harvester can take a maximum of 60 cm. For the sum of the productive brushes of the first and second orders, the greatest potential yield will be provided by samples K159 and K1127. Among the studied collection stands out the small seed sample K159 and the large seed samples - PRL41 and K80. The average oil content in the seeds of the collection was from 52 to 61.4%. Sample38 had the highest oil content. The content of ricinolic acid in the collection was from 70.9 to 82.9%. Samples were isolated: К134, К1008, PRL41, К430 with the content of ricinoleic acid more than 80%. The results of the study of all parameters make it possible to isolate valuable technological samples. Sample K1064 with a high technological potential of productivity, with a seed oil content of 57.2%, has a not very high content of ricinoleic acid of 74.3%. Sample K1127 with an oil content of 58.6%, a mass of 1000 seeds of 265 g, a high potential of productive brushes has a wide variation in the arrangement of brushes. Sample K134 with a oil content of 57.1%, ricinoleic acid content of 80.7% has small second-order brushes and can be used as a single-cysts in a thicker seeding.

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