Besnoitia besnoiti–driven endothelial host cell cycle alteration

ABSTRACTMany viruses replicate most efficiently in specific phases of the cell cycle, establishing or exploiting favorable conditions for viral replication, although little is known about the relationship between caliciviruses and the cell cycle. Microarray and Western blot analysis of murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1)-infected cells showed changes in cyclin transcript and protein levels indicative of a G1phase arrest. Cell cycle analysis confirmed that MNV-1 infection caused a prolonging of the G1phase and an accumulation of cells in the G0/G1phase. The accumulation in G0/G1phase was caused by a reduction in cell cycle progression through the G1/S restriction point, with MNV-1-infected cells released from a G1arrest showing reduced cell cycle progression compared to mock-infected cells. MNV-1 replication was compared in populations of cells synchronized into specific cell cycle phases and in asynchronously growing cells. Cells actively progressing through the G1phase had a 2-fold or higher increase in virus progeny and capsid protein expression over cells in other phases of the cell cycle or in unsynchronized populations. These findings suggest that MNV-1 infection leads to prolonging of the G1phase and a reduction in S phase entry in host cells, establishing favorable conditions for viral protein production and viral replication. There is limited information on the interactions between noroviruses and the cell cycle, and this observation of increased replication in the G1phase may be representative of other members of theCaliciviridae.IMPORTANCENoroviruses have proven recalcitrant to growth in cell culture, limiting our understanding of the interaction between these viruses and the infected cell. In this study, we used the cell-culturable MNV-1 to show that infection of murine macrophages affects the G1/S cell cycle phase transition, leading to an arrest in cell cycle progression and an accumulation of cells in the G0/G1phase. Furthermore, we show that MNV replication is enhanced in the G1phase compared to other stages of the cell cycle. Manipulating the cell cycle or adapting to cell cycle responses of the host cell is a mechanism to enhance virus replication. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a norovirus interacting with the host cell cycle and exploiting the favorable conditions of the G0/G1phase for RNA virus replication.

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Single-Cell Analysis of the Impact of Host Cell Heterogeneity on Infection with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.00179-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 92 (9) ◽

pp. e00179-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Xiu Xin ◽

Hailong Wang ◽

Lingling Han ◽

Mingzhen Wang ◽

Hui Fang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Single Cell ◽

Host Cell ◽

Cell Size ◽

Single Cell Analysis ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Cell Analysis ◽

Cell Heterogeneity ◽

Mouth Disease Virus ◽

Foot And Mouth

ABSTRACTViral infection and replication are affected by host cell heterogeneity, but the mechanisms underlying the effects remain unclear. Using single-cell analysis, we investigated the effects of host cell heterogeneity, including cell size, inclusion, and cell cycle, on foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection (acute and persistent infections) and replication. We detected various viral genome replication levels in FMDV-infected cells. Large cells and cells with a high number of inclusions generated more viral RNA copies and viral protein and a higher proportion of infectious cells than other cells. Additionally, we found that the viral titer was 10- to 100-fold higher in cells in G2/M than those in other cell cycle phases and identified a strong correlation between cell size, inclusion, and cell cycle heterogeneity, which all affected the infection and replication of FMDV. Furthermore, we demonstrated that host cell heterogeneity influenced the adsorption of FMDV due to differences in the levels of FMDV integrin receptors expression. Collectively, these results further our understanding of the evolution of a virus in a single host cell.IMPORTANCEIt is important to understand how host cell heterogeneity affects viral infection and replication. Using single-cell analysis, we found that viral genome replication levels exhibited dramatic variability in foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV)-infected cells. We also found a strong correlation between heterogeneity in cell size, inclusion number, and cell cycle status and that all of these characteristics affect the infection and replication of FMDV. Moreover, we found that host cell heterogeneity influenced the viral adsorption as differences in the levels of FMDV integrin receptors' expression. This study provided new ideas for the studies of correlation between FMDV infection mechanisms and host cells.

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Eimeria tenella ROP kinase EtROP1 induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and inhibits host cell apoptosis

Cellular Microbiology ◽

10.1111/cmi.13027 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mamadou Amadou Diallo ◽

Alix Sausset ◽

Audrey Gnahoui‐David ◽

Adeline Ribeiro E Silva ◽

Aurélien Brionne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Cell Cycle Arrest ◽

Host Cell ◽

Cell Apoptosis ◽

Eimeria Tenella ◽

Cycle Arrest ◽

Host Cell Apoptosis ◽

G1 Cell Cycle Arrest

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Heat-Shock Protein 90 Controls the Expression of Cell-Cycle Genes by Stabilizing Metazoan-Specific Host-Cell Factor HCFC1

Cell Reports ◽

10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.084 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 1645-1659.e9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Aneliya Antonova ◽

Barbara Hummel ◽

Ashkan Khavaran ◽

Desiree M. Redhaber ◽

Fernando Aprile-Garcia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Heat Shock ◽

Heat Shock Protein ◽

Host Cell ◽

Heat Shock Protein 90 ◽

Cell Cycle Genes ◽

Specific Host ◽

Host Cell Factor

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Structural Characterization of the Cell Division Cycle in Strigomonas culicis, an Endosymbiont-Bearing Trypanosomatid

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927613013925 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 228-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Felipe Lopes Brum ◽

Carolina Moura Costa Catta-Preta ◽

Wanderley de Souza ◽

Sergio Schenkman ◽

Maria Carolina Elias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Host Cell ◽

Light And Electron Microscopy ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Symbiotic Bacterium ◽

Single Copy ◽

Cell Structures ◽

Dimensional Reconstruction ◽

Protozoan Cell

AbstractStrigomonas culicis (previously referred to as Blastocrithidia culicis) is a monoxenic trypanosomatid harboring a symbiotic bacterium, which maintains an obligatory relationship with the host protozoan. Investigations of the cell cycle in symbiont harboring trypanosomatids suggest that the bacterium divides in coordination with other host cell structures, particularly the nucleus. In this study we used light and electron microscopy followed by three-dimensional reconstruction to characterize the symbiont division during the cell cycle of S. culicis. We observed that during this process, the symbiotic bacterium presents different forms and is found at different positions in relationship to the host cell structures. At the G1/S phase of the protozoan cell cycle, the endosymbiont exhibits a constricted form that appears to elongate, resulting in the bacterium division, which occurs before kinetoplast and nucleus segregation. During cytokinesis, the symbionts are positioned close to each nucleus to ensure that each daughter cell will inherit a single copy of the bacterium. These observations indicated that the association of the bacterium with the protozoan nucleus coordinates the cell cycle in both organisms.

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