scholarly journals Post-exercise pulsatility index indicates treatment effects in peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Udelnow ◽  
Maria Hawemann ◽  
Ivo Buschmann ◽  
Frank Meyer ◽  
Zuhir Halloul
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Arterial Tree ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Healthy Persons

Summary Background Hypothesis: Post-exercise measurements better discriminate PAOD-patients from healthy persons and they more sensitively detect hemodynamic improvements after treatment procedures than resting measurements. Methods A total of 19 healthy volunteers and 23 consecutive PAOD-patients underwent measurements of peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), minimal diastolic velocity (MDV), time-averaged maximum velocities (TAMAX), resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) before and after a standard exercise test (at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 min) before and after treatment (incl. epidemiological data, PAOD risk factors and comorbidities). Results In resting values, healthy persons and PAOD-patients did not differ significantly in any of the hemodynamic parameters. PSV increased after treatment in PAOD-patients by 5 cm/s (paired t‑test, p: 0.025); however, when the amplitude of autoregulatory changes related to the resting values were calculated, PAOD-patients showed clearly less hemodynamic changes after exercise than healthy persons (p: 0.04; 0.002; <0.001 for PSV, TAMAX and PI, resp.). The time course after exercise was compared by repeated measures of ANOVA. Healthy persons differed significantly in PI, RI and PSV from PAOD patients before and after treatment (p<0.001 each). The PAOD-patients revealed a significantly improved PI after treatment (p: 0.042). The only factor contributing significantly to PI independently from grouping was direct arterial vascularization as compared to discontinuous effects by an obstructed arterial tree. Conclusion Healthy persons cannot be well differentiated from PAOD-patients solely by hemodynamics at rest but by characteristic changes after standard exercise. Treatment effects are reflected by higher PI-values after exercise.

Doppler evaluation of the posterior cerebral artery in fetuses with transposition of great arteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 504-508
Author(s):  
Ya Tan ◽  
Shi Zeng ◽  
YuShan Liu ◽  
HuaYu Tang ◽  
BaiHua Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Transposition Of Great Arteries ◽  
Velocity Time Integral ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Doppler Evaluation

AbstractObjectiveTo observe Doppler ultrasound changes in the two segments of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) in fetuses with transposition of the great arteries (TGA).MethodsThe peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index (PI), and velocity-time integral (VTI) of the two segments of PCA (the first segment: PCAS1, the second segment: PCAS2) and of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) were compared in TGA fetuses and normal fetuses. The abnormality rate between the PCAS1-PI and MCA-PI was compared in TGA fetuses.ResultsThe PCAS1-PI and MCA-PI were smaller in the TGA fetuses than in the controls (all P < 0.05), but the PCAS2-PI was unchanged (P > 0.05). The MCA-VTI, PCAS1-VTI, and PCAS2-VTI were larger in the TGA fetuses (all P < 0.05). In the TGA fetuses, the abnormality rate of the PCAS1-PI was significantly higher than that of the MCA-PI (P < 0.05).ConclusionIn fetuses with TGA, there were hemodynamic differences between the two segments of the posterior cerebral arteries. Moreover, PCAS1 exhibited signs of vasodilatation more obviously than did the MCA in fetuses with TGA.

scholarly journals Doppler Flow Velocity Indices (RI, PI, S/D & PSV) of Fetal Middle Cerebral Artery in Normal Pregnancies: Correlation with Gestational Age of 20 to 40 Weeks

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Md Abu Taher ◽  
Nuzhat Tasmin ◽  
AS Mohiuddin ◽  
Md Mohit Ul Alam ◽  
Md Mofazzal Sharif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Doppler Flow ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Doppler Indices

This observational type of descriptive study was carried out in the Department of Radiology and Imaging, BIRDEM selecting 70 Bangladeshi pregnant babies with the aim to find out the normogram of foetal middle cerebral artery Doppler flow velocity indices and correlation between Doppler flow velocity indices [Resistance Index (RI), Pulsatility Index (PI), Systolic/Diastolic ratio (S/D) & Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV)] of foetal middle cerebral artery and gestational age in normal pregnancies of 20 to 40 weeks. It was observed that RI, PI and S/D were decreased with the advance of gestational age but PSV was increases with the advance of gestational age. Statistical analyses showed there were significant difference between mean PSV, RI and PI before and after 25 weeks of gestation. No significant difference was found between mean S/D before and after 25 weeks of gestation. It was observed from Correlation analysis between Doppler indices with independent gestational age that all the Doppler indices of foetal middle cerebra artery was positively correlated with the whole gestation period. The statistical analysis showed only PSV and RI were significantly correlated with the gestational age. Simple regression analysis between dependent Doppler index with independent gestational age before and after 25 weeks revealed that all the Doppler indices had positive relationship with the corresponding gestational age but relationship between PSV and PI (before 25 weeks) with their corresponding gestational ages were only statistically significant.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v2i2.12306 Birdem Med J 2012; 2(2) 77-80

Estimation of haemodynamic changes in varicocele testis and results after microsurgical sub-inguinal varicocelectomy

2021 ◽  
pp. 039156032110690
Author(s):  
Satyadeo Sharma ◽  
Rajendra K Shimpi
Keyword(s):  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Sperm Density ◽  
Doppler Study ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Haemodynamic Changes

Introduction: Varicocele is among the most frequently encountered, surgically correctable causes of male infertility. Since varicocele is a primary abnormality of testicular vessels, a thorough understanding of haemodynamic changes in the microcirculation of varicocele testis is needed. Objectives: To estimate changes in the microcirculation of varicocele testis and correlate them with symptomatic and semen parameters changes before and after varicocelectomy. Material and methods: This prospective, observational study includes 47 patients of age group 18–40 years who underwent microsurgical varicocelectomy during June 2016 to April 2018 at a tertiary medical institute. Testicular haemodynamic was evaluated using a colour spectral doppler study (PSV-Peak systolic velocity/ESV-End diastolic velocity/RI-Resistive index/PI-Pulsatility index). Semen analysis parameters and testicular blood flow were compared with pre-operative values. Results: RI in the capsular artery of varicocele affected testis, which was 0.61 ± 0.11 (mean ± SD), significantly reduced to 0.56 ± 0.09 (mean ± SD) in post-operative follow-up, indicating improved perfusion. Pre-operative sperm density was noted to be 15.94 ± 7.88 (mean ± SD), which improved to 28.41 ± 10.99, Progressive sperm motility from 33.81 ± 10.88 to 38.32 ± 9.21 and morphology from 36.13 ± 10.68 to 41.43 ± 9.29 on 6-month follow-ups ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Varicocele testis is associated with altered testicular haemodynamic, which insults spermatogenesis. Microsurgical varicocelectomy with testicular artery and lymphatic preservation leads to correction of this altered haemodynamic state and improves the testicular microcirculation.

scholarly journals The impact of a heat and moisture exchange mask on respiratory symptoms and airway response to exercise in asthma

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 00271-2019
Author(s):  
Anna R. Jackson ◽  
J.H. Hull ◽  
James G. Hopker ◽  
Hannah Fletcher ◽  
William Gowers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
The Impact

Respiratory symptoms, including cough, are prevalent in individuals with asthma when exercising. This study investigates whether a heat and moisture exchanger (HME) face mask is effective in modulating exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and post-exercise cough in a cold, dry environment in individuals with asthma.Twenty-six participants diagnosed with asthma (20 males, 6 females) completed three cycling exercise challenges at 8°C and 24% relative humidity in a randomised order. Participants wore either an HME mask (MASK), sham mask (SHAM), or no mask (CONT). Following a 3-min warm-up, participants completed 6-min cycling at 80% peak power output. Before and after exercise, maximal flow-volume loops were recorded. Post-exercise cough was monitored with a Leicester Cough Monitor (LCM) for 24 h. Results were analysed using repeated-measures ANOVA and Friedman's tests and data were presented as the mean±sd or median (interquartile range (IQR)).Eleven participants failed to demonstrate EIB (i.e. >10% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s after exercise) and were removed from analysis. The percentage fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s following exercise in CONT was greater than MASK (MASK: −6% (7%), SHAM: −11% (11%), CONT: −13% (9%); p<0.01). No difference was found between exercise in cough count per hour over the 24-h monitoring period or the number of coughs in the first hour after exercise.HME masks can attenuate EIB when exercising in cold, dry environments. The SHAM mask may not have been entirely inert, demonstrating the challenges of running randomised control trials utilising control and sham conditions.

195 Are the Spectral Doppler Indices of the Ovarian Arteries Predictive of Ovulatory Responses and Embryo Yields in Superovulated Ewes?

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
M. E. F. Oliveira ◽  
Y. Tarasevych ◽  
W. R. R. Vicente ◽  
P. M. Bartlewski
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Index ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Embryo Viability ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Ovarian Artery ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Spectral Doppler ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Doppler Indices

Increased uterine and ovarian blood flow seems to be related to the effectiveness of ovarian response to hormonal superstimulation in mares (Witt et al. 2012 Theriogenology 77, 1406-1414). Similar studies do not exist for sheep. Nineteen Santa Inês ewes were subjected to a 9-day CIDR® priming and superovulatory (SOV) treatment with 200 mg of porcine (p)FSH per ewe given twice daily for 4 consecutive days in decreasing doses and initiated 6 days after CIDR® insertion. Ten ewes received an IM injection of oestradiol benzoate (EB, 350 μg) at the time of CIDR® insertion (group E); the remaining animals served as controls (group C). The ewes were placed in a pen with rams for 3 days after CIDR® removal. The embryos were recovered surgically 6 days after the CIDR® removal. Transrectal ultrasonographic examinations (Doppler mode) using MyLab VET 30 scanner (Esaote, Genoa, Italy) equipped with a linear-array (6- to 8-MHz) transducer were performed once a day throughout the SOV treatment (Days 1 to 4) to determine the velocimetric indices of the left and right ovarian arteries: flow velocity integral (FVI); peak systolic velocity (SVp); mean velocity (Vm); end-diastolic velocity (EDV); vascular resistance index [RI = (SVp – EDV)/SVp]; and pulsatility index [PI = (SVp – EDV)/Vm]. All spectral data were obtained from a longitudinal subovarian segment of the ovarian artery using a gate ranging from 2 to 3 mm (~two-thirds of the vessel’s diameter) and insonation angle ≤60°. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in ovarian responses and embryo yields/quality between left and right ovaries/uterine horns flashed or between EB-treated and control ewes. Mean EDV and Vm were greater (P < 0.05) in group C compared with group E on Days 1 and 2, and mean Vp was greater (P < 0.05) in group C ewes on Day 3 of the SOV treatment. In group E, there were 5 significant correlations between the spectral Doppler indices (RI, PI, and EDV) of the ovarian arteries recorded on Days 2 and 4 and SOV responses (numbers of degenerated embryos, unfertilized eggs, and luteinized unovulated follicles characterised by a lack of ovulatory stigmata). In group C, 7 significant correlations were found between Vp, EDV, Vm, and RI on Days 1, 2, and 3 and numbers/percentages of degenerated embryos, numbers of prematurely regressed luteal structures (pale, ≤5 mm in diameter), and embryo viability rates (percentage of transferrable quality embryos). When ultrasonographic and SOV data were analysed separately for the left and right ovarian artery/uterine horn, multiple significant correlations were found between the velocimetric indices and SOV responses but they varied among days, the 2 ovaries, and the 2 groups of animals studied. These results may be interpreted to suggest that intrinsic gonadal factors remain a significant barrier precluding the prediction of SOV outcomes from haemodynamic changes in ovine ovarian arteries. Velocimetric indices determined in the ovarian arteries appear to have limited prognostic value during the application of different SOV protocols in ewes.

scholarly journals 298 Effects of parity on late gestational uterine blood flow and hemodynamics in beef cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 137-138
Author(s):  
Allison M Meyer ◽  
Natalie B Duncan ◽  
Katy S Stoecklein ◽  
Emma L Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Diastolic Velocity

Abstract To determine parity effects on late gestational uteroplacental blood flow, uterine artery hemodynamics were measured in 13 primiparous and 11 multiparous (parity 3 and 4) non-lactating, fall-calving crossbred females beginning 109 d prepartum. Females were nutritionally managed as one group to meet or exceed nutrient requirements. Transrectal color Doppler ultrasonography of the both uterine arteries was conducted 3 to 6 times per female across late gestation, ending at approximately 20 d prepartum. Data were analyzed with parity (primiparous vs. multiparous), day prior to calving, and their interaction in the model; day was a repeated effect. Dam BW was greater (P &lt; 0.001) for multiparous than primiparous females, and increased (P = 0.004) as gestation progressed. Calf birth weight was unaffected (P = 0.87) by parity. The parity x day interaction tended to affect (P = 0.06) ipsilateral uterine artery blood flow (L/min), where multiparous cows had a greater increase per day. Total and contralateral uterine artery blood flow were unaffected (P ≥ 0.11) by parity, but increased (P &lt; 0.001) with day of gestation. When expressed relative to dam BW, total and contralateral blood flow were greater (P ≤ 0.04) in primiparous than multiparous females; ipsilateral blood flow was unaffected (P ≥ 0.13) by parity, however. Ipsilateral pulsatility index and both resistance indices were unaffected (P ≥ 0.28) by parity and day, but day tended to affect (P = 0.07) contralateral pulsatility index. Parity did not affect (P ≥ 0.11) cross-sectional area, mean velocity, peak systolic velocity, and end diastolic velocity of either uterine artery, but all increased (P &lt; 0.001) as gestation progressed. Heart rate was greater (P = 0.03) in primiparous than multiparous females. Data suggest that uterine artery blood flow and heart rate may be altered in primiparous females, even when birth weight is unaffected by parity.

Femoral Artery Blood Flow in Infants and Children

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kröger ◽  
J. Nettelrodt ◽  
C. Müntjes ◽  
U. Neudorf ◽  
A. Feuersenger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Average Velocity ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
P Value ◽  
In Infants And Children

Background We measured Doppler parameter of common femoral artery (CFA) blood flow in infants and children and investigated how far these parameters change with age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and body surface area (BSA). Material and Methods CFA was investigated in 97 infants and children (43 females, 54 males, ages ranged from 0.13 to 220 months) on both sides in a supine position after 5 min rest using a 7.5-MHz linear transducer (Type Elegra, Siemens, Germany) 1 cm proximal to the femoral bifurcation. Peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, blood flow volume, mean average velocity, resistance index, and pulsatility index were measured. Results Theoretically, Doppler parameters could change with age, height, weight, BMI, and BSA. Because age, weight, height, and BSA were highly correlated (Spearman correlation coefficient > 0.90) only one of these variables could be included in a regression model. Only diameter and flow velocity (FV) correlated with age and height. Peak systolic velocity, mean average velocity, pulsatility index, and resistance index did not. Correlation between BMI and age and BMI and height was small. A regression model for the natural logarithm of FV was estimated: ln(FV) = −5.853 + 0.021 height + 0.049 BMI (R2 = 0.73, p < 0.0001 of height, p value of BMI: 0.028; p value of intercept: < 0.0001). The 95% confidence intervals were: −6.470 to −5.237 for the intercept, 0.006 to 0.093 for BMI, and 0.017 to 0.025 for height. Predicted FV and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The upper confidence limits were 8–10 times that of the lower ones. Conclusion Only FV showed height- and BMI-dependent changes in growing children. Prediction of FV in individual arteries was possible, but with a large range.

scholarly journals THIRST RESPONSE TO POST-EXERCISE FLUID REPLACEMENT NEEDS AND CONTROLLED DRINKING

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Catalina Capitán-Jiménez ◽  
Luis Fernando Aragón-Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fluid Replacement ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Controlled Drinking ◽  
Before And After

Perceived thirst (TP) was evaluated as a dependent variable: can it distinguish among several levels of acute dehydration, is it reliable, and how does it respond to the ingestion of a fixed water volume post exercise? In a repeated-measures design, eight physically active students (24.5±3.6 years, mean±SD), reported to the laboratory on four non-consecutive days. They remained at rest or exercised at 32±3°C db and 65±6% rh to a randomly assigned dehydration equivalent to 1, 2, and 3% of body mass (BM). Following exercise, participants ingested a fixed water volume of 1.20% BM in 30 minutes; urine output, TP and plasma volume changes were assessed every 30 minutes over 3 hours. Post-exercise TP was not different before and after showering (p = 0.860), but it was significantly different among conditions (TP = 2.50 ± 0.45, 4.44 ± 0.72, 6.38 ± 0.82, and 8.63 ± 0.18 for 0, 1, 2, and 3% BM, p = 0.001). TP was associated with net fluid balance (rpart = -0.62, p < 0.0001) but, soon after drinking, TP was the same regardless of dehydration (p>0.05). Thirst perception is valid and reliable in the absence of drinking but it responds inappropriately to water intake.

Peak Systolic Velocity, Resistance Index and Pulsatility Index

1997 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mikkonen ◽  
J. M. Kreula ◽  
P. J. Virkkunen
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteer ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Wave Form ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Wave Forms ◽  
Source Of Error

Purpose: To study variation in the process of measuring Doppler ultrasound (US) wave forms. Material and Methods: Eleven radiologists measured peak systolic velocity (PSV), resistance index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI) from a pre-recorded videotape. The wave forms were taken from the carotid, brachiàl, celiac, and renal interlobar arteries in a healthy volunteer. Each radiologist obtained measurements 10 times from a freely chosen wave form of 10 wave forms (10-beat series) and then a further set of measurements also 10 times from a specific wave form (1-beat series). Results: There was a significant variation in all the PSV, RI and PI values measured, both in the 1-beat series and in the 10-beat series. The greatest variation was seen in the PI values: up to 5.1-fold. Both intraobserver and interobserver reproducibilities were poor. Conclusion: The process of obtaining measurements from an identified wave form is a major source of error in Doppler US studies. Special attention should be paid to this final phase of an examination. We recommend that measurements be obtained from more than one heart beat.

scholarly journals Acetazolamide-Induced Vasodilation Does Not Inhibit the Visually Evoked Flow Response

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaniv Yonai ◽  
Neta Boms ◽  
Sandor Molnar ◽  
Bernhard Rosengarten ◽  
Natan M Bornstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Neurovascular Coupling ◽  
Maximal Effect ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cerebral Vasodilation ◽  
Relative Flow

Different methods are used to assess the vasodilator ability of cerebral blood vessels; however, the exact mechanism of cerebral vasodilation, induced by different stimuli, is not entirely known. Our aim was to investigate whether the potent vasodilator agent, acetazolamide (AZ), inhibits the neurovascular coupling, which also requires vasodilation. Therefore, visually evoked flow parameters were examined by transcranial Doppler in ten healthy subjects before and after AZ administration. Pulsatility index and peak systolic flow velocity changes, evoked by visual stimulus, were recorded in the posterior cerebral arteries before and after intravenous administration of 15 mg/kg AZ. Repeated-measures ANOVA did not show significant group main effect between the visually evoked relative flow velocity time courses before and after AZ provocation ( P=0.43). Visual stimulation induced significant increase of relative flow velocity and decrease of pulsatility index not only before but also at the maximal effect of AZ. These results suggest that maximal cerebral vasodilation cannot be determined by the clinically accepted dose of AZ (15 mg/kg) and prove that neurovascular coupling remains preserved despite AZ-induced vasodilation. Our observation indicates independent regulation of vasodilation during neurovascular coupling, allowing the adaptation of cerebral blood flow according to neuronal activity even if other processes require significant vasodilation.

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