Is the development of Modic changes associated with clinical symptoms? A 14-month cohort study with MRI

ObjectivesThe risk of viral transmission associated with contact sports such as football (soccer) during the COVID-19 pandemic is unknown. The aim of this study was to describe the infective and immune status of professional football players, team staff and league officials over a truncated football season resumed at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in a country with high infection rates and to investigate the clinical symptoms related to COVID-19 infection in professional football players.MethodsProspective cohort study of 1337 football players, staff and officials during a truncated football season (9 weeks) with a tailored infection control programme based on preventive measures and regular SARS-CoV-2 PCR swab testing (every 3–5 days) combined with serology testing for immunity (every 4 weeks). Clinical symptoms in positive participants were recorded using a 26-item, Likert-Scale-based scoring system.ResultsDuring the study period, 85 subjects returned positive (cycle threshold (cT) ≤30) or reactive (30<cT<40) PCR tests, of which 36 were players. The infection rate was consistent with that of the general population during the same time period. More than half of infected subjects were asymptomatic, and the remaining had only mild symptoms with no one requiring hospitalisation. Symptom severity was associated with lower cT values. Social contacts and family were the most common sources of infection, and no infection could be traced to training or matches. Of the 36 infected players, 15 presented positive serology during the study period.ConclusionFootball played outdoors involving close contact between athletes represents a limited risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe illness when preventive measures are in place.

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Gejala Klinis dan Pemeriksaan Penunjang pada Neonatus Terinfeksi COVID-19

e-CliniC ◽

10.35790/ecl.v9i1.32304 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jason Rampengan ◽

Johnny Rompis ◽

Valentine Umboh

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Case Report ◽

Literature Review ◽

Observational Study ◽

Ct Scan ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Ground Glass Opacity ◽

Google Scholar ◽

Ground Glass ◽

Laboratory Examinations

Abstract: COVID-19 is spreading at an extremely rapid rate and can affect all age groups, albeit, information about clinical symptoms and laboratory examinations of COVID-19 I in neonates is still quite limited. This study was aimed to determine the clinical symptoms, radiographic examinations especially CT-scans, and laboratory tests that could appear in neonates suffering from COVID-19. This was a literature review study using three databases, namely Pubmed, Clinical Key, and Google Scholar. The keywords used were Covid-19 / SARS-CoV-2 AND Neonatus AND sign and symptoms AND laboratory. The selection based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, obtained 15 case report studies, three retrospective studies, one observational study, and one cohort study. The review revealed that the most frequent clinical features that appeared were fever (54.8%), dyspnoea (35.4%), and cough (29%). Meanwhile, for CT-Scan radiographs, there were 14 of 31 neonates (45.2%) did not show any abnormalities or normal. The most frequent abnormal image was ground glass opacity (GGO) (29%). Among laboratory examinations, lymphopenia was the most common abnormality (32.2%). Moreover, leukocytosis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, increased PCT, AST, etc. could also occur. Of all the reviewed literatures, there were no death cases of neonates died due to COVID-19. In conclusion, fever, dyspnea, cough, and lymphopenia are the most common findings as well as GGO in the CT-Scan radiograph.Keywords: COVID-19, neonates Abstrak: COVID-19 menyebar dengan sangat pesat dan dapat menjangkiti semua kelompok usia namun informasi mengenai gejala klinis dan pemeriksaan laboratorium terhadap kelompok neonatus masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran klinis, pemeriksaan radiografi khususnya CT-Scan, dan pemeriksaan laboratorium yang bisa muncul pada neonatus dengan COVID-19. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review dengan pencarian data menggunakan tiga database yaitu Pubmed, Clinical Key, dan Google Scholar. Kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu Covid-19/ SARS-CoV-2 AND Neonatus AND sign and symptom AND laboratory. Hasil seleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi mendapatkan 15 penelitian case report, tiga retrospective study, satu observational study, dan satu cohort study. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa gambaran klinis yang paling sering muncul ialah demam (54,8%), sesak (35,4%), dan batuk (29%). Pemeriksaan radiografi CT-Scan, neonatus yang tidak menunjukkan kelainan (normal) terdapat pada 14 dari 31 neonatus diamati (45,2%), sedangkan kelainan yang sering muncul ialah ground glass opacity/GGO (29%). Pada pemeriksaan laboratorium, limfopenia merupakan kelainan tersering (32,2%), sedangkan leukositosis, leukopenia, trombositopenia, peningkatan PCT, AST, dll juga bisa terjadi. Dari semua literatur yang dikaji, tidak ditemukan kasus kematian neonatus akibat COVID-19. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah gambaran klinis yang paling sering muncul pada neonatus ialah demam, sesak, dan batuk, limfopenia, dan GGO pada CT-Scan.Kata kunci: COVID-19, neonatus

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How different domains of quality of life are associated with latent dimensions of mental health measured by GHQ-12

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes ◽

10.1186/s12955-021-01892-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fatemeh Nouri ◽

Awat Feizi ◽

Hamidreza Roohafza ◽

Masoumeh Sadeghi ◽

Nizal Sarrafzadegan

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Mental Health ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Physical Health ◽

Social Relationships ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Short Form ◽

Environmental Condition

Abstract Background and objectives A short form of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) is a useful screening instrument for assessing mental health. Furthermore, Quality of life (QoL) is a critical treatment outcome in many clinical and health care research settings. This study aimed to reassess the dimensionality of GHQ-12 using Multidimensional Graded Response Model (MGRM) and evaluate how its extracted dimensions are associated with the QoL's domains. Methods Isfahan Cohort Study 2 (ICS2) is a population-based, ongoing prospective cohort study among adults aged 35 years and older who were free of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) at the beginning of the study in 2013. A total of 1316 participants, all living in urban and rural areas of Isfahan and Najafabad, Iran was completed the GHQ-12 and WHO QoL-brief version at baseline. Five competing MGRMs with different latent structures were specified for GHQ-12. Factor scores derived from the best fitted model were used to associate with various domains of QoL. Results: The Three-Dimensional model for GHQ-12 was the best-fitted model explaining the Social Function (SF), Self Confidence (SC), and Anxiety/Depression (A/D) as three correlated yet different latent dimensions of mental health. Our findings in full adjusted multivariate regression models showed that a one-SD increase in dimensions of SC and SF was associated with a 38- to 48%-SD and 27- to 38%-SD increase in the domains scores of QoL, respectively. Moreover, for each one‐SD increase in score of A/D dimension, the domains scores of QoL decreased by 29- to 40%-SD. The highest to the lowest standardized coefficients for all latent dimensions of mental health were respectively related to the psychological, physical health, social relationships, and environmental condition domains of QoL. Furthermore, SC, A/D, and SF dimensions of GHQ-12 showed the highest to the lowest degree of association with all domains of QoL. Conclusions Our findings confirm that the GHQ-12 as a multidimensional rather than unitary instrument measures distinct dimensions of mental health. Furthermore, all aspects of QoL changed when the intensity of latent dimensions of mental health increased. Moreover, the psychological domain of QoL is the most affected by all latent dimensions of mental health, followed by physical health, social relationships, and environmental condition domains. It seems that in an attempt to full recovery as assessed by improved QoL outcomes, treatment of clinical symptoms may not be sufficient. Identifying and differentiating the structures of mental health in each community as well as implementing intervention programs aimed at focusing on specific dimensions may help in the prevention of further deterioration of mental health and improved QoL in the community.

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Vitamin D prescribing in children in UK primary care practices: a population-based cohort study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031870 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. e031870 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mandy Wan ◽

Laura J Horsfall ◽

Emre Basatemur ◽

Jignesh Prakash Patel ◽

Rukshana Shroff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Population Based ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Annual Incidence ◽

Health Improvement ◽

Laboratory Test Results ◽

General Practices

ObjectiveTo examine temporal changes in the incidence and patterns of vitamin D supplementation prescribing by general practitioners (GPs) between 2008 and 2016.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.SettingUK general practice health records from The Health Improvement Network.ParticipantsChildren aged 0 to 17 years who were registered with their general practices for at least 3 months.Outcome measuresAnnual incidence rates of vitamin D prescriptions were calculated, and rate ratios were estimated using multivariable Poisson regression to explore differences by sociodemographic factors. Data on the type of supplementation, dose, dosing schedule, linked 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) laboratory test results and clinical symptoms suggestive of vitamin D deficiency were analysed.ResultsAmong 2 million children, the crude annual incidence of vitamin D prescribing increased by 26-fold between 2008 and 2016 rising from 10.8 (95% CI: 8.9 to 13.1) to 276.8 (95% CI: 264.3 to 289.9) per 100 000 person-years. Older children, non-white ethnicity and general practices in England (compared with Wales/Scotland/Northern Ireland) were independently associated with higher rates of prescribing. Analyses of incident prescriptions showed inconsistent supplementation regimens with an absence of pre-supplementation 25(OH)D concentrations in 28.7% to 56.4% of prescriptions annually. There was an increasing trend in prescribing at pharmacological doses irrespective of 25(OH)D concentrations, deviating in part from UK recommendations. Prescribing at pharmacological doses for children with deficient status increased from 3.8% to 79.4%, but the rise was also observed in children for whom guidelines recommended prevention doses (0% to 53%). Vitamin D supplementation at pharmacological doses was also prescribed in at least 40% of children with no pre-supplementation 25(OH)D concentrations annually.ConclusionsThere has been a marked and sustained increase in vitamin D supplementation prescribing in children in UK primary care. Our data suggests that national guidelines on vitamin D supplementation for children are not consistently followed by GPs.

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Modic Changes nicht assoziiert mit langfristigen Einschränkungen

manuelletherapie ◽

10.1055/a-1085-8927 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (01) ◽

pp. 5-5

Author(s):

Arne Vielitz

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Modic Changes

Udby PM, Bendix T, Ohrt-Nissen S et al. Modic Changes are not Associated with Long-term Pain and Disability: A Cohort Study with 13-year Follow-up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2019; 44: 1186–1192. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000003051

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Relationship Between The Appropriateness of Antibiotic Treatment and Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Community-Acquired Acute Pyelonephritis: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-783477/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Choseok Yoon ◽

Se Yoon Park ◽

Bongyoung Kim ◽

Ki Tae Kwon ◽

Seong-yeol Ryu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Antibiotic Treatment ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Acute Pyelonephritis ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Medical Costs ◽

Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Multicenter Prospective Cohort

Abstract Background Inappropriate use of antibiotics not only increases antibiotic resistance as collateral damage but also increases clinical failure rates and medical costs. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the appropriateness of antibiotic prescription and clinical outcomes of community-acquired acute pyelonephritis (CA-APN). Methods A multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted at eight hospitals in Korea between September 2017 and August 2018. All hospitalized patients aged ≥ 19 years who were diagnosed with CA-APN on admission were recruited. The appropriateness of empirical and definitive antibiotics, as well as the appropriateness of antibiotic treatment duration and route of administration, was evaluated. Clinical outcomes were compared between patients who were administered antibiotics ‘appropriately’ and ‘inappropriately.’ Results A total of 397 and 318 patients were eligible for the analysis of the appropriateness of empirical and definitive antibiotics, respectively. Of them, 10 (2.5%) and 18 (5.7%) were administered ‘inappropriately’ empirical and definitive antibiotics, respectively. Of the 119 patients whose use of both empirical and definitive antibiotics was classified as ‘optimal,’ 57 (47.9%) received antibiotics over a longer duration than that recommended; 67 (56.3%) did not change to oral antibiotics on day 7 of hospitalization, even after stabilization of the clinical symptoms. Patients who were administered empirical antibiotics ‘appropriately’ had shorter hospitalization days (9 vs. 12.5 days, P = 0.014) and lower medical costs (2,332.7 vs. 4,531.2 USD, P = 0.007) than those who were administered them ‘inappropriately.’ Similar findings were observed for patients administered both empirical and definitive antibiotics ‘appropriately’ and those administered either empirical or definitive antibiotics ‘inappropriately’ Conclusions Appropriate use of antibiotics leads to better clinical outcomes, including reduced hospitalization duration and medical costs.

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Resuming professional football (soccer) during the COVID-19 pandemic in a country with high infection rates: A prospective cohort study

10.1101/2020.11.17.20233023 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yorck Olaf Schumacher ◽

Montassar Tabben ◽

Khalid Hassoun ◽

Asmaa Al Marwani ◽

Ibrahim Al Hussain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Severe Illness ◽

Football Players ◽

Professional Football ◽

Infection Rates ◽

High Infection

AbstractObjectivesThe risk of viral transmission associated with contact sports such as football (soccer) during the COVID-19 pandemic is unknown. The aim of this study was to describe the infective and immune status of professional football players, team staff and league officials over a truncated football season resumed at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in a country with high infection rates and to investigate the clinical symptoms related to COVID-19 infection in professional football players.MethodsProspective cohort study of 1337 football players, staff and officials during a truncated football season (9 weeks) with a tailored infection control program based on preventive measures and regular SARS-CoV-2 PCR swab testing (every 3-5 days) combined with serology testing for immunity (every 4 weeks). Clinical symptoms in positive participants were recorded using a 26-item, Likert-scale-based scoring system.ResultsDuring the study period, 85 subjects returned positive (cycle threshold (cT)≤30) or reactive (30<cT<40) PCR tests, of which 36 were players. The infection rate was consistent with that of the general population during the same time period. More than half of infected subjects were asymptomatic, and the remaining had only mild symptoms with no one requiring hospitalization. Symptom severity was associated with lower cT values. Social contacts and family were the most common sources of infection, and no infection could be traced to training or matches. Of the 36 infected players, 15 presented positive serology during the study period.ConclusionFootball played outdoors involving close contact between athletes represents a limited risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe illness when preventive measures are in place.

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Changes in the clinical symptoms of fibrocystic mastopathy during monotherapy with transdermal micronized progesterone: results of the BREAST-2 multicenter open prospective cohort study

Akusherstvo i ginekologiia ◽

10.18565/aig.2020.8.159-168 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8_2020 ◽

pp. 159-168

Author(s):

Protasova A.E. Protasova ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Fibrocystic Mastopathy ◽

Micronized Progesterone

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Association between biochemical cartilage markers and clinical symptoms in patients with hip osteoarthritis: cohort study with 2-year follow-up

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage ◽

10.1016/j.joca.2014.09.001 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 57-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

D.M.J. Dorleijn ◽

P.A.J. Luijsterburg ◽

A.C. Bay-Jensen ◽

A.S. Siebuhr ◽

M.A. Karsdal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Hip Osteoarthritis

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Clinical, neurocognitive and demographic factors associated with functional impairment in the Australian Brain and Mind Youth Cohort Study (2008–2016)

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022659 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. e022659 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Rico S C Lee ◽

Daniel F Hermens ◽

Sharon L Naismith ◽

Manreena Kaur ◽

Adam J Guastella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Functional Impairment ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Occupational Functioning ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Neurocognitive Dysfunction ◽

Treatment As Usual

ObjectivesWe sought to determine the unique and shared contributions of clinical, neurocognitive and demographic factors to functional impairment in a large, transdiagnostic, clinical cohort of adolescents and young adults.DesignCross-sectional baseline data from a prospective, cohort study.SettingHelp-seeking youth referred from outpatient services were recruited to theBrain and Mind Youth Cohort(2008–2016) in Sydney, Australia.ParticipantsIn total, 1003 outpatients were recruited, aged between 12 and 36 years (mean= 20.4 years, 54% female), with baseline diagnoses of affective, psychotic, developmental or behavioural disorders.InterventionsTreatment as usual.Primary outcome measuresSocial and occupational functioning was used to index level of functional impairment. Structural equation modelling was used to examine associations between neurocognition, core clinical symptoms and alcohol and substance use, and clinician-rated and researcher-rated functional impairment. Moderator analyses were conducted to determine the potential influence of demographic and clinical factors (eg, medication exposure).ResultsIndependent of diagnosis, we found that neurocognitive impairments, and depressive, anxiety and negative symptoms, were significantly associated with functioning. The association of neurocognition with social and occupational functioning remained significant even when constraining for age (15–25-year-olds only) or diagnosis (affective disorders only) in the final model.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that, in a clinically representative sample of youth, the key determinants of functioning may not be disorder specific. Further, evidence of neurocognitive dysfunction suggests that interventions that target cognition and functioning should not necessarily be reserved just for older adults with established illness.

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