scholarly journals Clinical, neurocognitive and demographic factors associated with functional impairment in the Australian Brain and Mind Youth Cohort Study (2008–2016)

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e022659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rico S C Lee ◽  
Daniel F Hermens ◽  
Sharon L Naismith ◽  
Manreena Kaur ◽  
Adam J Guastella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Occupational Functioning ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neurocognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Treatment As Usual

ObjectivesWe sought to determine the unique and shared contributions of clinical, neurocognitive and demographic factors to functional impairment in a large, transdiagnostic, clinical cohort of adolescents and young adults.DesignCross-sectional baseline data from a prospective, cohort study.SettingHelp-seeking youth referred from outpatient services were recruited to theBrain and Mind Youth Cohort(2008–2016) in Sydney, Australia.ParticipantsIn total, 1003 outpatients were recruited, aged between 12 and 36 years (mean= 20.4 years, 54% female), with baseline diagnoses of affective, psychotic, developmental or behavioural disorders.InterventionsTreatment as usual.Primary outcome measuresSocial and occupational functioning was used to index level of functional impairment. Structural equation modelling was used to examine associations between neurocognition, core clinical symptoms and alcohol and substance use, and clinician-rated and researcher-rated functional impairment. Moderator analyses were conducted to determine the potential influence of demographic and clinical factors (eg, medication exposure).ResultsIndependent of diagnosis, we found that neurocognitive impairments, and depressive, anxiety and negative symptoms, were significantly associated with functioning. The association of neurocognition with social and occupational functioning remained significant even when constraining for age (15–25-year-olds only) or diagnosis (affective disorders only) in the final model.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that, in a clinically representative sample of youth, the key determinants of functioning may not be disorder specific. Further, evidence of neurocognitive dysfunction suggests that interventions that target cognition and functioning should not necessarily be reserved just for older adults with established illness.

Predictors of quality of life and functioning in schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-356
Author(s):  
Octavia Căpățînă ◽  
◽  
Cristina Pojoga ◽  
Bogdan Savu ◽  
Mihaela Fadgyas-Stănculete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Functioning

Background: In order to pursue recovery, Quality of life (QoL) and general functioning in patients with schizophrenia are milestones that need to be addressed in the treatment of the disease. The major aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between QoL, functionality and symptoms, and clinical characteristics of the disease, and to identify whether the two domains of negative symptoms, avolition/apathy and diminished expression, are predictive factors for the quality of life and functionality in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. In the present cross-sectional study, 87 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia completed a thorough battery of instruments evaluating: clinical symptoms, stigma, QoL, functionality, socio-demographic and clinical variables. Multiple regression analyses were performed to test the significance of predictor variables for QoL and functionality. Multiple regression analyses revealed that internalized stigma, depression, and excitement were significant predictors for the variability of QoL, and experiential deficit and cognitive symptoms were significant predictors of the variability of functioning. In patients with schizophrenia, functioning and quality of life are two related but different constructs. Even though they are strongly associated, they have different predictive factors. The clinical implication of these results is that both of these constructs should be assessed and that the strategies for improving them should be different.

scholarly journals O3.1. CLUSTER ANALYSIS FINDS THREE CLINICALLY-RELEVANT SUBGROUPS OF TRAIT EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCE IN SCHIZOPHRENIA OUTPATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S5-S6
Author(s):  
Henry Cowan ◽  
Vijay Mittal ◽  
Daniel Allen ◽  
James Gold ◽  
Gregory Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Symptom Presentation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Affective Traits ◽  
Trait Affect

Abstract Background Previous research shows that trait emotion is more affected than state emotion in schizophrenia. This literature is also somewhat inconsistent, particularly in terms of specific links between affective traits and clinical symptoms. The current study examined whether subgroups of trait emotional experience predict symptom presentation and functional outcome in schizophrenia. Methods In this cross-sectional observational study, 192 outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (SZ) and 149 matched healthy controls completed the trait version of the Positive and Negative Affect Scale and symptom and functional outcome assessments. Cluster and discriminant function analyses identified distinct profiles of trait affect, which were then compared on clinical and functional variables. Results Three SZ clusters reflected normative affect (n = 80, 42%), low trait positive affect (PA; n = 54, 28%), and high trait negative affect (NA; n = 58, 30%), compared to controls. Symptom profiles differentiated the three subgroups. Compared to the Normative Affect cluster, the Low PA cluster had more severe negative symptoms; the High NA cluster had more severe positive symptoms, disorganization, anxiety, and depression; and both the Low PA and High NA cluster had poorer overall functioning. Diagnostic and medication status also differentiated the three subgroups. The Low PA subgroup was most likely to be prescribed 1st-generation antipsychotics, while the High NA subgroup was most likely to be diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder. Discussion Distinct subgroups with unique trait affect profiles can be identified within the broader diagnosis of schizophrenia. These subgroups show meaningful clinical differences in presentation, with theoretical and clinical implications.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Related Demographic Factors in North of Iran: Results from the PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Naghipour ◽  
Farahnaz Joukar ◽  
Hossein-Ali Nikbakht ◽  
Soheil Hassanipour ◽  
Mehrnaz Asgharnezhad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
High Prevalence

Introduction. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has increased in recent decades around the world and is currently reaching epidemic levels as it is a major public health and clinical concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its related demographic factors in a population-based study. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, the target population consisted of 10520 individuals aged 35–70 years in Phase 1 of the Persian Guilan cohort study (Guilan site/Some’e Sara) that was conducted in 2014–2017. Demographic, anthropometric, blood pressure, and biochemical data were used in this study. The IDF definitions were used to diagnose the metabolic syndrome. Results. The prevalence of the syndrome according to IDF and ATP definition was 42.87% (95% CI: 41.92–41.81) and 40.68% (95% CI: 39.74–41.62), respectively. The prevalence of components for central obesity, high triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, blood glucose, and hypertension components was 75.8%, 43.1%, 40.6%, 39.2% and 37.9%, respectively. All demographic variables were related to the syndrome, and among them age, gender, and residence were identified as independent and strong predictive variables in the regression model. More than 92% of the population had at least one component of the syndrome. Conclusion. The results of the study show a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome risk factors. It is essential to educate healthy lifestyle behaviors and further health education in the high-risk groups identified in this study, especially the elderly, women, and rural residents.

Implications of data-driven analyses for personalized therapy in psychosis: a systematic review of cluster- and trajectory-based modelling studies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold ◽  
Lyan H. Rodijk ◽  
Edith J. Liemburg ◽  
Grigory Sidorenkov ◽  
H. Marike Boezen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Modelling Studies ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

AbstractIntroductionTo tackle the phenotypic heterogeneity of schizophrenia, data-driven methods are often applied to identify subtypes of its (sub)clinical symptoms though there is no systematic review.AimsTo summarize the evidence from cluster- and trajectory-based studies of positive, negative and cognitive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, their siblings and healthy people. Additionally, we aimed to highlight knowledge gaps and point out future directions to optimize the translatability of cluster- and trajectory-based studies.MethodsA systematic review was performed through searching PsycINFO, PubMed, PsycTESTS, PsycARTICLES, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Web of Science electronic databases. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies published from 2008 to 2019, which reported at least two statistically derived clusters or trajectories were included. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted the data.ResultsOf 2,285 studies retrieved, 50 studies (17 longitudinal and 33 cross-sectional) conducted in 30 countries were selected for review. Longitudinal studies discovered two to five trajectories of positive and negative symptoms in patient, and four to five trajectories of cognitive deficits in patient and sibling. In cross-sectional studies, three clusters of positive and negative symptoms in patient, four clusters of positive and negative schizotypy in sibling, and three to five clusters of cognitive deficits in patient and sibling were identified. These studies also reported multidimensional predictors of clusters and trajectories.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that (sub)clinical symptoms of schizophrenia are more heterogeneous than currently recognized. Identified clusters and trajectories can be used as a basis for personalized psychiatry.

scholarly journals Correction to: Clinical symptoms of androgen deficiency in men with migraine or cluster headache: a cross-sectional cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris E. Verhagen ◽  
Roemer B. Brandt ◽  
Carlijn M. A. Kruitbosch ◽  
Antoinette MaassenVanDenBrink ◽  
Rolf Fronczek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cluster Headache ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Androgen Deficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals The impact of a history of psychotic symptoms on cognitive function in euthymic bipolar patients: a comparison with schizophrenic patients and healthy controls

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Brissos ◽  
Vasco Videira Dias ◽  
Márcio Gerhardt Soeiro-de-Souza ◽  
Vicent Balanzá-Martínez ◽  
Flavio Kapczinski
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neurocognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: About two-thirds of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) have a lifetime history of at least one psychotic symptom. Objective: To compare the neurocognitive performance of four groups: BD patients with and without a history of psychotic symptoms (BD HPS+ and BD HPS-, respectively); patients with schizophrenia (SZ); and healthy control (HC) subjects. METHOD: In this cross-sectional study, 35 stabilized patients with SZ, 79 euthymic (44 HPS+ and 35 HPS-) patients with BD, and 50 HC were administered a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests. RESULTS: There was worse neurocognitive functioning in both BD and SZ patients compared to HC. Overall, data from both groups of BD patients did not differ on sociodemographic, clinical, or neurocognitive variables. However, BD HPS+ patients had significantly more negative symptoms, as measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and showed a trend toward worse performance on executive functions compared to BD HPS- patients. Moreover, both BD groups had better performance on all neurocognitive tests compared to SZ group. CONCLUSIONS: Neurocognitive dysfunction may be more marked in SZ than in BD, yet qualitatively similar. A history of past psychotic symptoms in BD was not associated with more severe cognitive impairment during euthymia. Therefore, BD with psychotic symptoms does not appear to be a distinct neurocognitive phenotype.

scholarly journals The Influence of Negative Symptoms on the Social Function of People with Schizophrenia in the Community

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Warih Andan Puspitosari ◽  
Soewadi Soewadi ◽  
Sumarni Sumarni
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Based Rehabilitation ◽  
The Social

Abstract: The most People with Schizophrenia (PwS) experience a decline in social function caused by various factors. Clinical symptoms of PwS affect the social function of PwS, especially negative symptoms. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of negative symptoms on the social function of people with schizophrenia in the community. This is a cross-sectional study. Subjects of the study were people with schizophrenia aged 18-56 years who will follow Community-Based Rehabilitation activities in 10 areas of puskesmas in Yogyakarta Special Region. The study was conducted in February 2017. The social function and negative symptoms of PwS were measured using a validated measuring instrument. Hypothesis test using Anova test. The subjects of the study were obtained by purposive sampling technique of 100 PwS that fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects with a PSP score of 0-30 (poor: someone who intensively needs care and social support) of 8 people (8%) had negative PANSS score of 28.50 ± 6.78. Subjects with a score of 31-70 (moderate: someone who occasionally needs care and social support) of 57 people (57%) had negative PANSS of 20.65 ± 8.18. Subjects with a score of 71-100 (mild: someone with mild disturbance, but able to perform individual functions) of 35 subjects (35%) had negative PANSS score of 12.49 ± 5.98. PwS which has a negative value of PANSS is greater, has a worse social function. The results showed that the negative symptoms had an effect on the social function of people with schizophrenia which was statistically significant (p <0.05). Negative symptoms affect the social function of PwS. PwS that has a high negative symptom score, has a worse social function. Keywords: social function, schizophrenia, negative symptoms

scholarly journals Association between Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) index and neurocognitive function among people living with HIV–a cross sectional study in coastal South India

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Ganapathy ◽  
Basavaprabhu Achappa ◽  
Vaman Kulkarni ◽  
Deepak Madi ◽  
Ramesh Holla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Neurocognitive Function ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairment ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neurocognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background HIV is an infectious disease affecting 36.7 million people worldwide. In recent times, Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) has become accessible to the majority of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) and this has transformed the course of infection to one that is chronic, characterized by fewer diseases pathognomonic of AIDS. In view of this, there is a pressing need for better markers, apart from the routine HIV indicators, to detect comorbidities such as Neurocognitive Impairment (NCI). The aim of this study was to find out the association between Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) index and Neurocognitive function in HIV positive patients. Methods In our study, we included 97 HIV positive patients and their Neurocognitive function was assessed using a combination of Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Grooved Pegboard Test, while VACS index was calculated using the most recent laboratory values. Binomial Logistics Regression analyses, adjusting for potential confounding variables, was performed to determine the association between VACS score and Neurocognitive Impairment. Results We found that a higher VACS Index was associated with global and domain-wise Neurocognitive impairment (p < 0.01), specifically in the domains of attention (p < 0.01) and fine motor skills (p = 0.01). Our study also showed that among all the VACS components, older age (p = 0.02) and lower hemoglobin (p < 0.01) values were associated with global NCI. After plotting an ROC curve, a VACS cut-off score of 11.00 was identified as it had good sensitivity (87.0%) and specificity (71.4%) in identifying Global NCI. Conclusion Our findings extend prior research on the use of VACS Index to predict global and domain-wise NCI in HIV-positive patients. However, further research with more comprehensive neurocognitive testing is required in our setting before VACS Index can be used as a tool to screen for neurocognitive dysfunction among PLHIV.

Validating the Factor Structure of the Stigma of Suicide Scale–Short Form Spanish Version Among Healthcare Students

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ruthmarie Hernández-Torres ◽  
Paola Carminelli-Corretjer ◽  
Nelmit Tollinchi-Natali ◽  
Ernesto Rosario-Hernández ◽  
Yovanska Duarté-Vélez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Students ◽  
Spanish Speaking

Abstract. Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death among Spanish-speaking individuals. Suicide stigma can be a risk factor for suicide. A widely used measure is the Stigma of Suicide Scale-Short Form (SOSS-SF; Batterham, Calear, & Christensen, 2013 ). Although the SOSS-SF has established psychometric properties and factor structure in other languages and cultural contexts, no evidence is available from Spanish-speaking populations. Aim: This study aims to validate a Spanish translation of the SOSS-SF among a sample of Spanish-speaking healthcare students ( N = 277). Method: We implemented a cross-sectional design with quantitative techniques. Results: Following a structural equation modeling approach, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the three-factor model proposed by Batterham and colleagues (2013) . Limitations: The study was limited by the small sample size and recruitment by availability. Conclusion: Findings suggest that the Spanish version of the SOSS-SF is a valid and reliable tool with which to examine suicide stigma among Spanish-speaking populations.

Identifying Suicide Typologies Among Trauma-Exposed Veterans

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Bounoua ◽  
Jasmeet P. Hayes ◽  
Naomi Sadeh
Keyword(s):  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Research Priority ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
And Behaviors

Abstract. Background: Suicide among veterans has increased in recent years, making the identification of those at greatest risk for self-injurious behavior a high research priority. Aims: We investigated whether affective impulsivity and risky behaviors distinguished typologies of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in a sample of trauma-exposed veterans. Method: A total of 95 trauma-exposed veterans (ages 21–55; 87% men) completed self-report measures of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors, impulsivity, and clinical symptoms. Results: A latent profile analysis produced three classes that differed in suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI): A low class that reported little to no self-injurious thoughts or behaviors; a self-injurious thoughts (ST) class that endorsed high levels of ideation but no self-harm behaviors; and a self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (STaB) class that reported ideation, suicide attempts and NSSI. Membership in the STaB class was associated with greater affective impulsivity, disinhibition, and distress/arousal than the other two classes. Limitations: Limitations include an overrepresentation of males in our sample, the cross-sectional nature of the data, and reliance on self-report measures. Conclusion: Findings point to affective impulsivity and risky behaviors as important characteristics of veterans who engage in self-injurious behaviors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document