Phylogenetic characterisation of feline immunodeficiency virus in naturally infected cats in Croatia indicates additional heterogeneity of subtype B in Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 161 (9) ◽  
pp. 2567-2573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matko Perharić ◽  
Marina Biđin ◽  
Vilim Starešina ◽  
Zoran Milas ◽  
Nenad Turk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Gene-expression changes induced by Feline immunodeficiency virus infection differ in epithelial cells and lymphocytes

2005 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 2239-2248 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. O. Dowling ◽  
D. Bienzle
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Transcriptional Changes

Infection of cats with Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is an important model for understanding comparative lentivirus biology. In vivo, FIV infects lymphocytes and monocyte/macrophages, but in vitro infection is commonly investigated in epithelial Crandell–Reese Feline Kidney (CRFK) cells. In this study, the transcriptional responses of CRFK cells and primary lymphocytes to infection with FIV 34TF, a cloned subtype A virus, and FIV USgaB01, a biological subtype B isolate, were determined. Reverse-transcribed mRNA from both cell types was hybridized to microarrays containing 1700 human expressed sequence tags in duplicate and data were analysed with Significance Analysis of Microarrays (sam) software. Results from six experiments assessing homeostatic cross-species hybridization excluded 3·48 % inconsistently detected transcripts. Analysis of data from five time points over 48 h after infection identified 132 and 24 differentially expressed genes in epithelial cells and lymphocytes, respectively. Genes involved in protein synthesis, the cell cycle, structure and metabolism were affected. The magnitude of gene-expression changes ranged from 0·62 to 1·62 and early gene induction was followed by downregulation after 4 h. Transcriptional changes in CRFK cells were distinct from those in lymphocytes, except for heat-shock cognate protein 71, which was induced at multiple time points in both cell types. These findings indicate that FIV infection induces transcriptional changes of a modest magnitude in a wide range of genes, which is probably reflective of the relatively non-cytopathic nature of virus infection.

Adaptation of feline immunodeficiency virus subtype B strain TM2 to a feline astrocyte cell line (G355-5 cells)

2011 ◽  
Vol 149 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieko Ishikawa ◽  
Kenji Baba ◽  
Masayuki Shimojima ◽  
Masaya Okada ◽  
Takayuki Shojima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Virus Subtype

scholarly journals Kinetics of Replication of a Partially Attenuated Virus and of the Challenge Virus during a Three-Year Intersubtype Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Superinfection Experiment in Cats

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 1518-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Pistello ◽  
Donatella Matteucci ◽  
Giancarlo Cammarota ◽  
Paola Mazzetti ◽  
Simone Giannecchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Attenuated Virus

ABSTRACT The effects of preinfecting cats with a partially attenuated feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) on subsequent infection with a fully virulent FIV belonging to a different subtype were investigated. Eight specific-pathogen-free cats were preinfected with graded doses of a long-term in vitro-cultured cell-free preparation of FIV Petaluma (FIV-P, subtype A). FIV-P established a low-grade or a silent infection in the inoculated animals. Seven months later, the eight preinfected cats and two uninfected cats were challenged with in vivo-grown FIV-M2 (subtype B) and periodically monitored for immunological and virological status. FIV-P-preinfected cats were not protected from acute infection by FIV-M2, and the sustained replication of this virus was accompanied by a reduction of FIV-P viral loads in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma. However, from 2 years postchallenge (p.c.) until 3 years p.c., when the experiment was terminated, preinfected cats exhibited reduced total viral burdens, and some also exhibited a diminished decline of circulating CD4+ T lymphocytes relative to control cats infected with FIV-M2 alone. Interestingly, most of the virus detected in challenged cats at late times p.c. was of FIV-P origin, indicating that the preinfecting, attenuated virus had become largely predominant. By the end of follow-up, two challenged cats had no FIV-M2 detectable in the tissues examined. The possible mechanisms underlying the interplay between the two viral populations are discussed.

scholarly journals CD134 and CXCR4 expression corresponds to feline immunodeficiency virus infection of lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Reggeti ◽  
C. Ackerley ◽  
D. Bienzle
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Chemokine Receptors ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Cxcr4 Expression ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Gene Transcripts

The lymphotropic lentiviruses feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) enter cells by sequential interaction with primary receptors CD134 or CD4, respectively, and subsequently with chemokine receptors. The host-cell range for FIV is broader than that for HIV, but whether this is a function of receptor expression is unknown. Lack of reagents specific to feline molecules has limited detection and analysis of receptors and their interaction with viral components. Here, the expression of CD134 and CXCR4 on feline T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages was examined and the kinetics of FIV replication were assessed. Quantification of CD134 mRNA by real-time PCR indicated expression in all leukocytes, with significantly more transcripts in CD4+ lymphocytes than in other leukocytes. Antibodies against human CD134 bound inconsistently to feline leukocytes. CXCR4 was detected with antibody clone 12G5 on the surface of monocyte-derived cells only, but gene transcripts were present in all cells, with the highest copy number in lymphocytes. CXCR4 expression decreased and CD134 expression increased with cell activation in lymphocytes. A subtype B biological isolate of FIV infected DCs, macrophages and lymphocytes, with the highest replication in CD4+ lymphocytes, whilst cloned FIV P14 infected all cells, but replicated less efficiently. Although viral replication was lower in DCs and macrophages than in lymphocytes, DCs expressed specific receptors and were infected productively with FIV, as indicated by viral ultrastructure and DNA detection. These results may implicate altered function of DCs in the induction of specific immunity against FIV.

Immunological and histological disorders in cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus subtype B (TM2 strain)

1997 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Yamamoto ◽  
Takashi Umemura ◽  
Yasuo Inoshima ◽  
Masami Nakamura ◽  
Isao Adachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Virus Subtype

scholarly journals Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Cell Entry

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 5433-5440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan C. S. Frey ◽  
Edward A. Hoover ◽  
James I. Mullins
Keyword(s):  
Virus Replication ◽  
Chemokine Receptor ◽  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cell Entry ◽  
Cellular Receptor ◽  
Circular Dna ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Replication Intermediates

ABSTRACT The process of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) cell entry was examined using assays for virus replication intermediates. FIV subtype B was found to utilize the chemokine receptor CXCR4, but not CCR5, as a cellular receptor. Zidovudine blocked formation of late viral replication products most effectively, including circular DNA genome intermediates. Our findings extend the role of CXCR4 as a primary receptor for CD4-independent cell entry by FIV.

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Subtype B in Domestic Cats in Minas Gerais, Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 953-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Caxito ◽  
F. M. Coelho ◽  
M. E. Oliveira ◽  
M. Resende
Keyword(s):  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Virus Subtype

scholarly journals Prevalence of feline leukaemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus in domestic cats in Ireland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Szilasi ◽  
Lilla Dénes ◽  
Eszter Krikó ◽  
Caoimhe Murray ◽  
Míra Mándoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Leukaemia Virus ◽  
Apparent Prevalence ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Vaccination History ◽  
Feline Leukaemia Virus ◽  
Subtype A

AbstractFeline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) are retroviruses affecting felid species worldwide. A study was performed over a period of 5 months in Ireland with the aim to get an updated and more realistic prevalence of these retroviruses. A total of 183 EDTA-anticoagulated whole-blood samples were collected from cats distributed between 10 clinics. The samples were tested using both point-of-care enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Basic clinical data and vaccination history were also recorded for the sampled cats. The results of ELISA tests showed a prevalence of 10.4 and 3.3% for FIV and FeLV, respectively, and an apparent prevalence of 9.3% for FIV and 11.6% for FeLV with PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial polymerase (pol) gene sequences obtained from 8 FIV-positive strains showed that all but one of the Irish strains belonged to FIV subtype A, and one to subtype B. The overall mean genetic similarity between the analysed strains was 91.15%.

scholarly journals Prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukaemia virus in domestic cats in Hungary

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 205511691989209
Author(s):  
Anna Szilasi ◽  
Lilla Dénes ◽  
Eszter Krikó ◽  
Kristin Heenemann ◽  
Reinhard Ertl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Leukaemia Virus ◽  
Apparent Prevalence ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Feline Leukaemia Virus

Objectives Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) are retroviruses affecting cats worldwide. The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of these retroviruses in domestic cats in Hungary and to characterise the phylogenetic relationships of FIV strains. Methods A total of 335 anticoagulated whole-blood samples obtained from both a healthy and ill cat population were examined for the presence of FIV and FeLV with two methods: ELISA and PCR. Statistical analysis was carried out to analyse the data obtained. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of partial polymerase ( pol) gene sequences was performed to describe circulating FIV subtypes. Results Statistical analysis showed 11.8% and 9.9% true prevalence of FeLV and FIV, respectively, with ELISA. The apparent prevalence calculated from the PCR results were 17.3% for FeLV and 13.1% for FIV. Phylogenetic analysis of partial pol gene sequences obtained from 22 FIV strains showed that all observed Hungarian strains belonged to FIV subtype B. The strains were grouped into several monophyletic subgroups reflecting the geographic locations of the origin of the samples. The overall mean genetic similarity between the analysed strains was 98.2%. Conclusions and relevance We report the first thorough overview of the prevalence of FeLV and FIV in Hungary, which is relatively high, and give insight into the genetic diversity of Hungarian strains of FIV.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic and Genetic Analysis of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus gag, pol, and env Genes from Domestic Cats Undergoing Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Treatment or Treatment-Naïve Cats in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (16) ◽  
pp. 7863-7874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica N. Martins ◽  
Sheila O. Medeiros ◽  
Jose P. Simonetti ◽  
Hermann G. Schatzmayr ◽  
Amílcar Tanuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is the Lentivirus responsible for an immunodeficiency-like disease in domestic cats (Felis catus). FIV is divided into five phylogenetic subtypes (A, B, C, D, and E), based on genetic diversity. Knowledge of the geographical distribution of subtypes is relevant for understanding different disease progressions and for vaccine development. In this study, viral sequences of 26 infected cats from Rio de Janeiro, 8 undergoing treatment with zidovudine (AZT) for at least 5 years, were successfully amplified from blood specimens. gag capsid (CA), pol reverse transcriptase (RT), and env gp120 (V3-V4) regions were analyzed to determine subtypes and to evaluate potential mutations related to antiretroviral drug resistance among treated cats. Subtyping based on phylogenetic analysis was performed by the neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood methods. All of the sequences clustered with subtype B in the three regions, exhibiting low genetic variability. Additionally, we found evidence that the same virus is circulating in animals in close contact. The analysis of FIV RT sequences identified two new putative mutations related to drug resistance located in the RT “finger” domain, which has 60% identity to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) sequence. Amino acid change K→R at codons 64 and 69 was found in 25% and 37.5% of the treated animals, respectively. These signatures were comparable to K65R and K70R thymidine-associated mutations found in the HIV-1 HXB2 counterpart. This finding strongly suggests a position correlation between the mutations found in FIV and the K65R and K70R substitutions from drug-resistant HIV-1 strains.

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