scholarly journals Bioremediation of CCA-treated wood by brown-rot fungi Fomitopsis palustris, Coniophora puteana, and Laetiporus sulphureus

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-315
Author(s):  
S. Nami Kartal ◽  
Erman Munir ◽  
Tomo Kakitani ◽  
Yuji Imamura
Keyword(s):  
Treated Wood ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Coniophora Puteana ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Laetiporus Sulphureus ◽  
Fomitopsis Palustris

Oxalic acid production and metal removal during fungal degradation of CCA-treated wood in nutrient culture

Holzforschung ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Seok Choi ◽  
Jae-Jin Kim ◽  
Tsuyoshi Yoshimura ◽  
Gyu-Hyeok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Fungal Degradation ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Mass Losses ◽  
Nutrient Culture ◽  
Fomitopsis Palustris ◽  
Cr Removal

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate characteristics of oxalic acid (OA) production and metal removal during degradation of CCA-treated wood in nutrient culture by brown-rot fungi. Two brown-rot fungi, Crustoderma sp. and Fomitopsis palustris extensively degraded the CCA-treated wood, causing mass losses (MLs) up to 49.0% and 43.5%, respectively, while these fungi produced OA during degradation up to 21.3 mg g-1 and 43.8 mg g-1, respectively. Antrodia vaillantii and Polyporales sp. produced OA up to 28.9 mg g-1 and 29.8 mg g-1, respectively, with <3% ML. Fomitopsis palustris with the highest OA production removed effectively 87.5% As and 86.0% Cr during degradation of the treated wood. Antrodia vaillantii and an unknown Polyporales sp. showed notable As removal rates of 90.3% and 88.9%, respectively, and 81.0–83.9% Cr removal. However, only moderate amounts of Cu (40.8%) were extracted by the fungi investigated. The conclusion is that OA production by brown-rot fungi can be partially associated with removal of Cr and As during fungal degradation of CCA-treated wood.

scholarly journals Effect of Concrete on the pH and Susceptibility of Treated Pine to Decay by Brown-Rot Fungi

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darrel Nicholas ◽  
Amy Rowlen ◽  
David Milsted
Keyword(s):  
Treated Wood ◽  
Untreated Wood ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Consistent Difference ◽  
Ground Contact ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Decay Tests ◽  
Copper Azole

Treated wood timbers employed in ground contact are often installed with a cement collar to firmly fix the structural wood post in place. Few prior studies have determined the effect of concrete on decay efficacy on treated wood, however. Treated wood nominal 4 × 4 posts were installed at four locations, with the upper ground-contact portion of each post encased in concrete, and the samples removed at various times for pH measurements. The wood alkalinity quickly increased at all four sites for the portion of the treated wood in concrete contact compared to the wood in ground contact without concrete. In laboratory decay tests employing three decay fungi, untreated wood which was first exposed or unexposed to concrete had no consistent difference in decay susceptibility. For wood treated with three different commercial copper/organic systems, cement exposure had no effect on wood treated with an amine copper azole system, while treatment with amine copper quat showed a statistically significant fungal efficacy enhancement for cement-exposed samples with both copper-tolerant fungi. Conversely, with a micronized copper azole preservative, cement exposure resulted in reduced fungal efficacy compared to treated samples which were not cement-exposed for all three decay fungi.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Caffeine Treatment for Wood Protection—Influence of Wood and Fungi Species

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3758
Author(s):  
Miloš Pánek ◽  
Vlastimil Borůvka ◽  
Jana Nábělková ◽  
Kristýna Šimůnková ◽  
Aleš Zeidler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Wood Protection ◽  
Caffeine Treatment

In the future, we can expect increased requirements to the health and ecological integrity of biocides used for the protection of wood against bio-attacks, and it is therefore necessary to search for and thoroughly test new active substances. Caffeine has been shown to have biocidal efficacy against wood-destroying fungi, moulds and insects. The aim of the research was to determine whether the effectiveness of caffeine, as a fungicide of natural origin, is affected by a different type of treated wood. Norway spruce mature wood (Picea abies), Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris), and European beech wood (Fagus sylvatica) were tested in this work. The samples were treated using long-term dipping technology or coating (according to EN 152:2012) and then tested against selected wood-destroying brown rot fungi according to the standard EN 839:2015, wood-staining fungi according to EN 152:2012, and against mould growth according to EN 15457:2015. The penetration of caffeine solution into wood depth was also evaluated using liquid extraction chromatography, as well as the effect of the treatment used on selected physical and mechanical properties of wood. The test results showed that the type of wood used and the specific type of wood-degrading agent had a significant effect on the effectiveness of caffeine protection. The most resistant wood was the treated spruce, whereas the most susceptible to deterioration was the treated white pine and beech wood. The results of the work showed that caffeine treatment is effective against wood-destroying fungi at a concentration of 2%, and at 1% in some of the tested cases. It can be used as an ecologically acceptable short-term protection alternative against wood-staining fungi in lumber warehouses and is also partially effective against moulds. It also does not have negative effects on changes in the physical and mechanical properties of the tested wood species.

scholarly journals Effects of epyxilous fungus Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull. ex Fr.) murrill on the deccomposition of oak wood

2017 ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Miroslava Marković ◽  
Snežana Rajković ◽  
Mara Tabaković-Tošić ◽  
Marija Milosavljević
Keyword(s):  
Regression Line ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Oak Wood ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Static Modulus ◽  
Laetiporus Sulphureus ◽  
The Impact

Testing samples were collected from the medulla of healthy oak trees in Eastern Serbia, from the association of Quercetum montanum. Over the periods of 2, 4 and 6 months the wood samples were exposed to influence of the mycelia of the fungus causing cubical brown rot on oak. Given that static modulus of rupture provides the quickest and clearest way to observe destruction caused by epixylous fungi, this paper researched the decrease in modulus of rupture of Sessile oak wood due to influence of causers of cubical brown rot. The samples have been exposed to the impact of the mycelia of the brown rot fungus on oak tree Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull. ex Fr.) Murrill (Sulphur Polypore). Effect of to the impact of the brown rot fungi was investigated, in decrease of static modulus of rupture Quercus petraea agg. The static modulus of rupture caused by L. sulphureus after 2, 4 and 6 months decreased in comparison with initial ones (100%) and reached 91.73, 75.17 and 63.25%. By using correlation analyses of Q. petraea agg. static modulus of rupture - ss (dependent variable) of fungi time influence (T-independent variable) strong correlation between variables was established, and regression equation is: ss= 151.514 ± 30,657 √ T The regression line obtained through data processing opened the possibility to prognosticate the changes of wood properties in certain time periods of the effect of the fungus under the unchanged external conditions, which is significant for practical purposes in terms of taking protective measures and wood usability.

scholarly journals Distribution, Characteristics, and Regulatory Potential of Long Noncoding RNAs in Brown-Rot Fungi

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Borgognone ◽  
Walter Sanseverino ◽  
Riccardo Aiese Cigliano ◽  
Raúl Castanera
Keyword(s):  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Upstream Gene ◽  
Coniophora Puteana ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Serpula Lacrymans ◽  
Genomic Regions

Long noncoding RNAs have been thoroughly studied in plants, animals, and yeasts, where they play important roles as regulators of transcription. Nevertheless, almost nothing is known about their presence and characteristics in filamentous fungi, especially in basidiomycetes. In the present study, we have carried out an exhaustive annotation and characterization of lncRNAs in two lignin degrader basidiomycetes, Coniophora puteana and Serpula lacrymans. We identified 2,712 putative lncRNAs in the former and 2,242 in the latter, mainly originating from intergenic locations of transposon-sparse genomic regions. The lncRNA length, GC content, expression levels, and stability of the secondary structure differ from coding transcripts but are similar in these two species and resemble that of other eukaryotes. Nevertheless, they lack sequence conservation. Also, we found that lncRNAs are transcriptionally regulated in the same proportion as genes when the fungus actively decomposes soil organic matter. Finally, up to 7% of the upstream gene regions of Coniophora puteana and Serpula lacrymans are transcribed and produce lncRNAs. The study of expression trends in these gene-lncRNA pairs uncovered groups with similar and opposite transcriptional profiles which may be the result of cis-transcriptional regulation.

Protection mechanisms of DMDHEU treated wood against white and brown rot fungi

Holzforschung ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Verma ◽  
Ulrich Junga ◽  
Holger Militz ◽  
Carsten Mai
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Weight Percent Gain ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Protection Mechanisms ◽  
Mesh Bags ◽  
Fine Wood

AbstractThe resistance of beech and pine wood blocks treated with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU) againstTrametes versicolorandConiophora puteanaincreased with increasing weight percent gain (WPG) of DMDHEU. Full protection [mass loss (ML) below 3%] was reached at WPGs of approximately 15% (beech) and 10% (pine). Untreated and DMDHEU treated blocks were infiltrated with nutrients and thiamine prior to fungal incubation and it was observed whether the destruction or removal of nutrients and vitamins during the modification process has an influence on the ML caused by the fungi. This study revealed that no considerable differences were found. Then, the cell wall integrity was partly destroyed by milling and the decay of the fine wood powder filled into steel mesh bags was compared to that of wood mini-blocks. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the effects of surface area, cell wall bulking, and reduction in micro-void diameters play a role in decay resistance. The ML caused by the fungi, however, also decreased with increasing WPG and showed comparable patterns similar to the case of mini-blocks. ML of powder bearing the highest WPG appeared to be caused by losses in DMDHEU during fungal incubation. For brown rotted wood, the infrared absorption ratios at 1030 cm-1and 1505 cm-1revealed decreasing decay of polysaccharides with increasing WPG of treated wood.

Influence of Tannin-Copper Complexes as Preservatives for Wood on Mechanism of Decomposition by Brown-Rot Fungus Fomitopsis palustris

Holzforschung ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 464-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruhiko Yamaguchi ◽  
Kyoko Yoshino
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Copper Complexes ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Wood Powder ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Mechanism Of Decomposition ◽  
Fomitopsis Palustris

SummaryThe mechanism of preservation by chemically modified tannin and tannin-ammonia-copper agents was examined. Wood decay byF. palustriswas markedly suppressed by processing wood with agents made by mixing chemically modified tannins with ammonia and cupric chloride. When wood powder was treated with these agents, mycelial growth and generated protein increased to some extent. The preservative effects of the chemically modified tannins (RMT and CMT) or compound agents composed of the tannins and ammonia-copper were considered to be due to inhibition of the activities of xylanase, mannase and Cx-cellulase. In the culture medium in which treated wood powder was brought in with these agents, drop of pH by oxalic acid, whichF. palustrisproduces, is not generated. The potency of the effect was thought to be due to chelation of copper, an essential trace element for wood decay byF. palustris, by the tannin, and/or neutralization or suppression of oxalic acid production by ammonia-copper.

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