Sensory irritations and pulmonary effects in human volunteers following short-term exposure to pinewood emissions

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 436-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Gminski ◽  
Rainer Marutzky ◽  
Sebastian Kevekordes ◽  
Frank Fuhrmann ◽  
Werner Bürger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Human Volunteers

scholarly journals Transmission of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus to Human Volunteers Visiting a Swine Farm

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Øystein Angen ◽  
Louise Feld ◽  
Jesper Larsen ◽  
Klaus Rostgaard ◽  
Robert Skov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Swine Farm ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Human Volunteers

ABSTRACT Transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from animals to humans is of great concern due to the implications for human health and the health care system. The objective was to investigate the frequency and duration of MRSA carriage in human volunteers after a short-term exposure in a swine farm. The experimental study included 34 human volunteers staying 1 h in a MRSA-positive swine farm in four trials. In two of the trials, the influence of farm work involving pig contact was studied using a crossover design. The quantities of MRSA in nasal swabs, throat swabs, and air samples were measured at different time points and analyzed in relation to relevant covariates. This investigation showed that, overall, 94% of the volunteers acquired MRSA during the farm visit. Two hours after the volunteers left the stable, the nasal MRSA count had declined to unquantifiable levels in 95% of the samples. After 48 h, 94% of the volunteers were MRSA-negative. Nasal MRSA carriage was positively correlated to personal exposure to airborne MRSA and farm work involving pig contact and negatively correlated to smoking. No association was observed between MRSA carriage and face touching behavior, nasal methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) carriage, age, or gender. The increase in human MRSA carriage among the volunteers with pig contact seems to be dependent on the increased concentration of airborne MRSA of the surrounding air and not directly on physical contact with pigs. MRSA was not detected in any of the throat samples. IMPORTANCE The experimental approach made it possible to elucidate the contributions of airborne MRSA levels and farm work to nasal MRSA carriage in a swine farm. Short-term exposure to airborne MRSA poses a substantial risk for farm visitors to become nasal carriers, but the carriage is typically cleared within hours to a few days. The risk for short-term visitors to cause secondary transmissions of MRSA is most likely negligible due to the observed decline to unquantifiable levels in 95% of the nasal samples after only 2 h. The MRSA load in the nose was highly correlated to the amount of MRSA in the air and interventions to reduce the level of airborne MRSA or the use of face masks might consequently reduce nasal contamination.

Acute Inflammatory Responses in the Airways and Peripheral Blood After Short-Term Exposure to Diesel Exhaust in Healthy Human Volunteers

1999 ◽  
Vol 159 (3) ◽  
pp. 702-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUNDEEP SALVI ◽  
ANDERS BLOMBERG ◽  
BERTIL RUDELL ◽  
FRANK KELLY ◽  
THOMAS SANDSTRÖM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Human Volunteers

The Effect of Dimethyl Sulfoxide on In Vitro Platelet Function

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Schiffer ◽  
Caroline L. Whitaker ◽  
Morton Schmukler ◽  
Joseph Aisner ◽  
Steven L. Hilbert
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Structural Abnormalities

SummaryAlthough dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has been used extensively as a cryopreservative for platelets there are few studies dealing with the effect of DMSO on platelet function. Using techniques similar to those employed in platelet cryopreservation platelets were incubated with final concentrations of 2-10% DMSO at 25° C. After exposure to 5 and 10% DMSO platelets remained discoid and electron micrographs revealed no structural abnormalities. There was no significant change in platelet count. In terms of injury to platelet membranes, there was no increased availability of platelet factor-3 or leakage of nucleotides, 5 hydroxytryptamine (5HT) or glycosidases with final DMSO concentrations of 2.5, 5 and 10% DMSO. Thrombin stimulated nucleotide and 5HT release was reduced by 10% DMSO. Impairment of thrombin induced glycosidase release was noted at lower DMSO concentrations and was dose related. Similarly, aggregation to ADP was progressively impaired at DMSO concentrations from 1-5% and was dose related. After the platelets exposed to DMSO were washed, however, aggregation and release returned to control values. Platelet aggregation by epinephrine was also inhibited by DMSO and this could not be corrected by washing the platelets. DMSO-plasma solutions are hypertonic but only minimal increases in platelet volume (at 10% DMSO) could be detected. Shrinkage of platelets was seen with hypertonic solutions of sodium chloride or sucrose suggesting that the rapid transmembrane passage of DMSO prevented significant shifts of water. These studies demonstrate that there are minimal irreversible alterations in in vitro platelet function after short-term exposure to DMSO.

Short-term exposure and long-term consequences of neonatal exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and ibuprofen in mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 307 ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëtan Philippot ◽  
Fred Nyberg ◽  
Torsten Gordh ◽  
Anders Fredriksson ◽  
Henrik Viberg
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Exposure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Long Term Consequences

scholarly journals The impact of long- and short-term exposure to different ambient air pollutants on cognitive function in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 106416
Author(s):  
Huaxi Gao ◽  
Jieran Shi ◽  
Hongguang Cheng ◽  
Yaqin Zhang ◽  
Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ambient Air Pollutants ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
The Impact
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