Extensive suppuration and being overweight are factors associated with the failure of laser treatment for pilonidal disease: lessons from the first French retrospective cohort

ObjectiveTo provide a comprehensive description of demographic, clinical and radiographic characteristics; treatment and case outcomes; and risk factors associated with in-hospital death of patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Brazil.DesignRetrospective cohort study of hospitalised patients diagnosed with COVID-19.SettingData from all hospitals across Brazil.Participants522 167 hospitalised patients in Brazil by 14 December 2020 with severe acute respiratory illness, and a confirmed diagnosis for COVID-19.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrevalence of symptoms and comorbidities was compared by clinical outcomes and intensive care unit (ICU) admission status. Survival was assessed using Kaplan Meier survival estimates. Risk factors associated with in-hospital death were evaluated with multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsOf the 522 167 patients included in this study, 56.7% were discharged, 0.002% died of other causes, 30.7% died of causes associated with COVID-19 and 10.2% remained hospitalised. The median age of patients was 61 years (IQR, 47–73), and of non-survivors 71 years (IQR, 60–80); 292 570 patients (56.0%) were men. At least one comorbidity was present in 64.5% of patients and in 76.8% of non-survivors. From illness onset, the median times to hospital and ICU admission were 6 days (IQR, 3–9) and 7 days (IQR, 3–10), respectively; 15 days (IQR, 9–24) to death and 15 days (IQR, 11–20) to hospital discharge. Risk factors for in-hospital death included old age, Black/Brown ethnoracial self-classification, ICU admission, being male, living in the North and Northeast regions and various comorbidities. Age had the highest HRs of 5.51 (95% CI: 4.91 to 6.18) for patients≥80, compared with those ≤20.ConclusionsCharacteristics of patients and risk factors for in-hospital mortality highlight inequities of COVID-19 outcomes in Brazil. As the pandemic continues to unfold, targeted policies that address those inequities are needed to mitigate the unequal burden of COVID-19.

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Demographic and clinical factors associated with immune reconstitution in HIV/HBV co‐infected and HIV mono‐infected patients: a retrospective cohort study

HIV Medicine ◽

10.1111/hiv.13023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

pp. 722-728

Author(s):

TY Jiang ◽

JH Hou ◽

B Su ◽

T Zhang ◽

Y Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Immune Reconstitution ◽

Clinical Factors ◽

Factors Associated

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Risk factors associated with increased discontinuation rate of trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole used as a primary prophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia: A retrospective cohort study

Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics ◽

10.1016/j.pupt.2021.101999 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 67 ◽

pp. 101999

Author(s):

Toshihito Otani ◽

Kakuhiro Yamaguchi ◽

Shinjiro Sakamoto ◽

Yasushi Horimasu ◽

Takeshi Masuda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Primary Prophylaxis ◽

Pneumocystis Pneumonia ◽

Discontinuation Rate ◽

Factors Associated

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Factors associated with initiation of bone-health medication among older adults in primary care in Ireland

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afab033 ◽

2021 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mary E Walsh ◽

Mari Nerdrum ◽

Tom Fahey ◽

Frank Moriarty

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Fracture Risk ◽

Bone Health ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Hormone Replacement ◽

Inverse Association ◽

High Fracture ◽

Factors Associated ◽

General Practices ◽

Multimorbid Patients

Abstract Background Adults at high risk of fragility fracture should be offered pharmacological treatment when not contraindicated, however, under-treatment is common. Objective This study aimed to investigate factors associated with bone-health medication initiation in older patients attending primary care. Design This was a retrospective cohort study. Setting The study used data from forty-four general practices in Ireland from 2011–2017. Subjects The study included adults aged ≥ 65 years who were naïve to bone-health medication for 12 months. Methods Overall fracture-risk (based on QFracture) and individual fracture-risk factors were described for patients initiated and not initiated onto medication and compared using generalised linear model regression with the Poisson distribution. Results Of 36,799 patients (51% female, mean age 75.4 (SD = 8.4)) included, 8% (n = 2,992) were observed to initiate bone-health medication during the study. One-fifth of all patients (n = 8,193) had osteoporosis or had high fracture-risk but only 21% of them (n = 1,687) initiated on medication. Female sex, older age, state-funded health cover and osteoporosis were associated with initiation. Independently of osteoporosis and co-variates, high 5-year QFracture risk for hip (IRR = 1.33 (95% CI = 1.17–1.50), P < 0.01) and all fractures (IRR = 1.30 (95% CI = 1.17–1.44), P < 0.01) were associated with medication initiation. Previous fracture, rheumatoid arthritis and corticosteroid use were associated with initiation, while liver, kidney, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and oestrogen-only hormone replacement therapy showed an inverse association. Conclusions Bone-health medication initiation is targeted at patients at higher fracture-risk but much potential under-treatment remains, particularly in those >80 years and with co-morbidities. This may reflect clinical uncertainty in older multimorbid patients, and further research should explore decision-making in preventive bone medication prescribing.

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