Use of antibiotics and factors associated with treatment failure among 152,245 patients with pneumonia treated in the community — a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Reiner-Benaim ◽  
A. Neuberger ◽  
G. Chodick ◽  
Oryan Henig
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Treatment Outcome in Patients With Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease: a Large Population-based Retrospective Cohort Study in Shanghai

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Ping Cheng ◽  
Shan Hao Chen ◽  
Hai Lou ◽  
Xu Wei Gui ◽  
Xiao Na Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background: Investigate factors associated with treatment outcome in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTMPD). Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined NTMPD patients in Shanghai from January 2014 to December 2018. The distribution and incidence of the different causative species were determined. The outcomes of patients infected with different NTM species were compared. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were used to determine the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of different factors with treatment failure. Results: The most common species were Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) (50%), M. abscessus (28%), and M. kansasii (15%). Over five years, the proportions of M. kansasii and M. abscessus increased, and that of MAC decreased. The treatment success rate was significantly greater for patients infected with M. kansasii (89.9%) than MAC (65.0%, P<0.001) and M. abscessus (36.1%, P<0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated the risk factors for treatment failure were pathogenic NTM species (M. abscessus: aOR=9.355, P<0.001; MAC: aOR=2.970, P=0.021), having an elevated ESR (>60mm/h: aOR=2.658, P<0.001), receipt of retreatment (aOR=2.074, P<0.001), middle-aged and elderly (>60 years-old: aOR=1.739, P=0.021; 45–60 years-old: aOR=1.661, P=0.034). Conclusions: The main bacterial species responsible for NTMPD infections in Shanghai were MAC, M. abscessus, and M. kansasii. Patients with M. kansasii infections had a higher rate of treatment success. Multiple factors including infection by M. abscessu or MAC, an elevated ESR, receiving retreatment, middle-aged and elderly were associated with treatment failure.

scholarly journals Characteristics, outcomes and risk factors for mortality of 522 167 patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Brazil: a retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e049089
Author(s):  
Marcia C Castro ◽  
Susie Gurzenda ◽  
Eduardo Marques Macário ◽  
Giovanny Vinícius A França
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Hospital Death ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Hospitalised Patients

ObjectiveTo provide a comprehensive description of demographic, clinical and radiographic characteristics; treatment and case outcomes; and risk factors associated with in-hospital death of patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Brazil.DesignRetrospective cohort study of hospitalised patients diagnosed with COVID-19.SettingData from all hospitals across Brazil.Participants522 167 hospitalised patients in Brazil by 14 December 2020 with severe acute respiratory illness, and a confirmed diagnosis for COVID-19.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrevalence of symptoms and comorbidities was compared by clinical outcomes and intensive care unit (ICU) admission status. Survival was assessed using Kaplan Meier survival estimates. Risk factors associated with in-hospital death were evaluated with multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsOf the 522 167 patients included in this study, 56.7% were discharged, 0.002% died of other causes, 30.7% died of causes associated with COVID-19 and 10.2% remained hospitalised. The median age of patients was 61 years (IQR, 47–73), and of non-survivors 71 years (IQR, 60–80); 292 570 patients (56.0%) were men. At least one comorbidity was present in 64.5% of patients and in 76.8% of non-survivors. From illness onset, the median times to hospital and ICU admission were 6 days (IQR, 3–9) and 7 days (IQR, 3–10), respectively; 15 days (IQR, 9–24) to death and 15 days (IQR, 11–20) to hospital discharge. Risk factors for in-hospital death included old age, Black/Brown ethnoracial self-classification, ICU admission, being male, living in the North and Northeast regions and various comorbidities. Age had the highest HRs of 5.51 (95% CI: 4.91 to 6.18) for patients≥80, compared with those ≤20.ConclusionsCharacteristics of patients and risk factors for in-hospital mortality highlight inequities of COVID-19 outcomes in Brazil. As the pandemic continues to unfold, targeted policies that address those inequities are needed to mitigate the unequal burden of COVID-19.

Risk factors associated with pseudoaldosteronism in patients with chronic hepatitis: A retrospective cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 607-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Komatsu ◽  
Tetsuhiro Yoshino ◽  
Takeshi Suzuki ◽  
Tomonori Nakamura ◽  
Takanori Kanai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Time to develop severe acute malnutrition and its predictors among children living with HIV in the era of test and treat strategies at South Gondar hospitals, northwest, Ethiopia, 2021: a multicentre retrospective cohort study

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ermias Sisay Chanie ◽  
Getasew Legas ◽  
Shimeles Biru Zewude ◽  
Maru Mekie ◽  
Dagne Addisu Sewyew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
South Gondar

Abstract Background Although severe acute malnutrition is a major public issue among HIV infected children, there is no prior evidence in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aims to assess the time to develop severe acute malnutrition and its predictors among children living with human immunodeficiency virus in Ethiopia, 2012. Methods An institution based retrospective cohort study was conducted in South Gondar hospitals among 363 HIV infected children from February 10, 2014, to January 7, 2021. Epi-data version 3.1 was used to enter data, which was then exported to STATA version 14 for analysis. Besides, WHO (World Health Organization) Anthro Plus software was used to assess the nutritional status of the children. A standardized data extraction tool was used to collect the data. The Kaplan Meier survival curve was used to estimate the median survival time. The Cox-proportional hazard model assumption was checked via the Schoenfeld residual ph test and a stph plot. Bivariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were employed at 95% confidence intervals (CI). A variable having a p-value < 0.05 was considered a statistically significant predictor of severe acute malnutrition. Results A total of 363 children living with HIV, 97 (26.72%) developed severe acute malnutrition during the follow-up period. The overall incidence rate was 5.4 (95% CI: 4.7–5.9) person per year with a total of 21, 492 months or 1791 years of observation. Moreover, the median survival time was 126 months. Treatment failure [AHR =3.4 (95% CI: 2.05–5.75)], CD4 count below threshold [AHR =2.5 (95% CI: 1.64–3.95)], and WHO stage III & IV [AHR =2.9 (95% CI: 1.74–4.73)] were all significant predictors of severe acute malnutrition. Conclusion The time to develop severe acute malnutrition was found to be very low. Treatment failure, CD4 count below threshold, and WHO stage III were all significant predictors of severe acute malnutrition. Hence, emphasizing those predictor variables is essential for preventing and controlling the occurrence of severe acute malnutrition among HIV infected children.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document