scholarly journals Working from Home and COVID-19: The Chances and Risks for Gender Gaps

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 381-386
Author(s):  
Melanie Arntz ◽  
Sarra Ben Yahmed ◽  
Francesco Berlingieri
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Heterogeneous Structure ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Working From Home ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Household Allocation

AbstractAs the COVID-19 pandemic causes a record number of people to work from home, this disruptive event will likely have a long-lasting impact on work arrangements. Given existing research on the effects of working from home on hours worked and wages, an increased availability of working from home may provide a chance for women to catch up with their male counterparts. Yet, the need to simultaneously care for children during the COVID-19 lockdown may also revive traditional gender roles, potentially counteracting such gains. We discuss the likely effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on gender gaps in the labour market and at home in light of recent empirical findings and novel statistics on the heterogeneous structure of work arrangements among couples. We construct a novel teleworkability index that differentiates between fully teleworkable, partly teleworkable and on-site jobs and find that in about a third of households the COVID-19 shock is likely to induce shifts in the intra-household allocation of tasks from mothers to fathers.

scholarly journals Research note: Job Satisfaction and working from home in Romania, before and during Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Ioana Țălnar-Naghi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Work Life ◽  
New Work ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Working From Home

Based on ICTs development, telework is a rapidly changing phenomenon (Eurofound, 2017) and has provoked many debates on how it influences people's lives (Allen, Golden and Shockley, 2015; Golden, 2009), allowing people to work from anywhere and anytime via laptops, tablets, and smartphones (Maitland and Thomson, 2014). The Covid-19 outbreak accelerated social change and led to a forced entry of entire segments of the workforce into telework. The change was steep in particular for countries with a lower pre-pandemic incidence of working from home, such as Romania. Using longitudinal data from an original series of surveys (Voicu et al. 2020) carried out in 2018 and during the Spring 2020 lockdown in Romania, the paper aims to explore the job satisfaction of those working-from-home in relation to work-life boundaries, before and during the quarantine period. Findings are useful for a deeper understanding of how new work arrangements influence tele-workers' perceptions of their quality of life. Results indicate that while before the pandemic, the job satisfaction of those working from home was increasing with the age of the respondent (the younger being more satisfied with working from home), that trend changed during quarantine, and job satisfaction increased significantly for people over 40. Additionally, working more hours before the pandemic is associated with lower job satisfaction scores during COVID-19 quarantine. Keywords: work from home; job satisfaction; WLB, pandemic; teleworkers. ●●●●● Bazată pe dezvoltarea TIC, telemunca reprezintă un fenomen de schimbare rapidă (Eurofound 2017) ce a provocat numeroase dezbateri cu privire la modul în care influențează viața oamenilor (Allen, Golden și Shockley 2015; Golden 2009), permițând acum acestora să lucreze de oriunde și oricând prin intermediul laptopurilor, tabletelor și smartphone-urilor (Maitland and Thomson 2014). Declanșarea crizei Covid-19 a accelerat schimbările sociale și a dus la o intrare forțată a întregii populații în telemuncă. Schimbarea accelerată s-a produs în special în țările cu incidență pre-pandemică scăzută în ceea ce privește experiența de a lucra de acasă, cum este cazul României. Folosind date longitudinale provenite dintr-un sondaj online despre munca de acasă (Voicu et al. 2020), efectuat în 2018 și în timpul carantinei din primăvara lui 2020 în România, lucrarea își propune să exploreze satisfacția muncii în rândul celor care lucrează de acasă, în raport cu limitele echilibrului dintre viața profesională și cea personală, înainte și în timpul perioadei de carantină. Constatările sunt utile pentru o înțelegere mai profundă a modului în care noile aranjamente de lucru influențează percepțiile telelucrătorilor asupra calității vieții. Rezultatele indică faptul că, în timp ce înainte de pandemie, satisfacția la locul de muncă a celor care lucrau de acasă scădea odată cu vârsta respondentului (cel mai tânăr fiind mai mulțumit de munca de acasă), această tendință s-a schimbat în timpul carantinei, iar satisfacția la locul de muncă a crescut exponențial pentru persoanele peste 40 de ani. În plus, a lucra mai multe ore înainte de pandemie este asociat cu scoruri mai mici de satisfacție la locul de muncă în timpul carantinei COVID-19. Cuvinte-cheie: munca de acasă; satisfacția muncii; „WLB”; pandemie; telelucrători.

scholarly journals THE IMPACTS OF WORKING AT HOME ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF BRAZILIAN WOMEN DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. e25295
Author(s):  
Aline Cavalcante Santana
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
Working At Home ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
The World ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
At Home

Brazil is one of the biggest epicentres of COVID-19 outbreak in the world, with many deaths and impacts in the economy, such as record unemployment rates and massive business closure in many industries. Due to this pandemic, about 7.3 million Brazilians worked from home (WFH) in November 2020 (IBGE, 2020), including women, that traditionally carry the most housework and care responsibilities in a home. To investigate the impacts of WFH on productivity of Brazilian women during the COVID-19 pandemic it was distributed a survey on Google Forms. The survey was attended by 31 respondents (100% cisgender women; Mage = 24-48 years), from several areas of expertise. To deepen the discussion it was made a systematic revision using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses - PRISMA (Galvão, Pansani, & Harrad, 2015) and 11 studies were analysed (6 reviews and 5 surveys). It was found that the pandemic has made gender gaps more apparent and that women are disproportionate impacted by its due to the traditional gender roles.

Profaning Jewish Mores in Chochana Boukhobza's Un été à Jérusalem

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Nancy M. Arenberg
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
The City ◽  
Traditional Roles

As a transnational Israeli writer, Chochana Boukhobza delves into the complex problem of crossing borders in Un été à Jérusalem (1986), a text which focuses on the unnamed protagonist's trip from Paris to visit her family during the summer months in Jerusalem. Although the narrator had resided in Israel previously, she is forced to grapple with her ‘Otherness’ in Jerusalem, especially as a Jew originally from Tunisia. The narrator's crisis of exile is defined by her sense of disconnection to her family, the city, Israeli politics, and women's traditional roles. In this essay, particular emphasis will be placed on the protagonist's penchant for profaning Jewish cultural and religious practices, which is articulated through a series of corporeal transgressions. To launch this revolt against the patriarchal structure of the nation in Israel, the narrator rejects the submissive role assigned to Jewish-Tunisian women, and, in so doing, dismantles traditional gender roles.

Material World: Gender and the Bible in Evangelical Purity Culture

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Moslener
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Young People ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Material World ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Teenage Girls ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
The Bible

For evangelical adolescents living in the United States, the material world of commerce and sexuality is fraught with danger. Contemporary movements urge young people to embrace sexual purity and abstinence before marriage and eschew the secular pressures of modern life. And yet, the sacred text that is used to authorize these teachings betrays evangelicals’ long-standing ability to embrace the material world for spiritual purposes. Bibles marketed to teenage girls, including those produced by and for sexual purity campaigns, make use of prevailing trends in bible marketing. By packaging the message of sexual purity and traditional gender roles into a sleek modern day apparatus, American evangelicals present female sexual restraint as the avant-garde of contemporary, evangelical orthodoxy.

scholarly journals What Lies beneath Sustainable Education? Predicting and Tackling Gender Differences in STEM Academic Success

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1671
Author(s):  
Maura A. E. Pilotti
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Interior Design ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Stem Fields ◽  
High School Gpa ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles

In many societies across the globe, females are still underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM fields), although they are reported to have higher grades in high school and college than males. The present study was guided by the assumption that the sustainability of higher education critically rests on the academic success of both male and female students under conditions of equitable educational options, practices, and contents. It first assessed the persistence of familiar patterns of gender bias (e.g., do competencies at enrollment, serving as academic precursors, and academic performance favor females?) in college students of a society in transition from a gender-segregated workforce with marked gender inequalities to one whose aims at integrating into the global economy demand that women pursue once forbidden careers thought to be the exclusive domain of men. It then examined how simple indices of academic readiness, as well as preferences for fields fitting traditional gender roles, could predict attainment of key competencies and motivation to graduate (as measured by the average number of credits completed per year) in college. As expected, females had a higher high school GPA. Once in college, they were underrepresented in a major that fitted traditional gender roles (interior design) and over-represented in one that did not fit (business). Female students’ performance and motivation to graduate did not differ between the male-suited major of business and the female-suited major of interior design. Male students’ performance and motivation to graduate were higher in engineering than in business, albeit both majors were gender-role consistent. Although high school GPA and English proficiency scores predicted performance and motivation for all, preference for engineering over business also predicted males’ performance and motivation. These findings offered a more complex picture of patterns of gender bias, thereby inspiring the implementation of targeted educational interventions to improve females’ motivation for and enrollment in STEM fields, nowadays increasingly available to them, as well as to enhance males’ academic success in non-STEM fields such as business.

scholarly journals Has the Economic Lockdown Following the Covid-19 Pandemic Changed the Gender Division of Labor in Israel?

2021 ◽  
pp. 089124322110012
Author(s):  
Meir Yaish ◽  
Hadas Mandel ◽  
Tali Kristal
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Unpaid Work ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Flexible Work ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
The Family ◽  
Allocation Of Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Families With Children

The economic shutdown and national lockdown following the outbreak of COVID-19 have increased demand for unpaid work at home, particularly among families with children, and reduced demand for paid work. Concurrently, the share of the workforce that has relocated its workplace to home has also increased. In this article, we examine the consequences of these processes for the allocation of time among paid work, housework, and care work for men and women in Israel. Using data on 2,027 Israeli adults whom we followed since the first week of March (before the spread of COVID-19), we focus on the effect of the second lockdown in Israel (in September) on the gender division of both paid and unpaid work. We find that as demand for housework caused by the lockdown increases, women—especially with children—increase their housework much more than men do, particularly when they work from home. The consequences of work from home and other flexible work arrangements for gender inequality within the family are discussed.

scholarly journals Prejudice Nation: Hypersexualization and Abuse in Jude Dibia’s Unbridled

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402110326
Author(s):  
Chinenye Amonyeze ◽  
Stella Okoye-Ugwu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Implicit Bias ◽  
Girl Child ◽  
Feminine Gender ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Patriarchal Society ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Culture Of Silence

With the global #Metoo movement yet to arrive in Nigeria, Jude Dibia’s Unbridled reflects an emblematic moment for the underrepresented to occupy their stories and make their voices heard. The study analyzes patriarchy’s complicated relationship with the Nigerian girl child, significantly reviewing the inherent prejudices in patriarchy’s power hierarchies and how radical narratives explore taboo topics like incest and sexual violence. Contextualizing the concepts of hypersexualization and implicit bias to put in perspective how women, expected to be the gatekeepers of sex, are forced to navigate competing allegiances while remaining submissive and voiceless, the article probes the struggles of sexual victims and how hierarchies in a patriarchal society exacerbate their affliction through a culture of silence. Arguing that Dibia’s Unbridled confronts the narrative of silence in Nigerian fiction, the article explores ways the author empowers gender by challenging social values and traditional gender roles, underscoring gender dynamics and the problematic nature of prevalent bias against the feminine gender in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Working from Home During Covid-19: Doing and Managing Technology-enabled Social Interaction With Colleagues at a Distance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banita Lal ◽  
Yogesh K. Dwivedi ◽  
Markus Haag
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Work Lives ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Working From Home ◽  
Time Basis

AbstractWith the overnight growth in Working from Home (WFH) owing to the pandemic, organisations and their employees have had to adapt work-related processes and practices quickly with a huge reliance upon technology. Everyday activities such as social interactions with colleagues must therefore be reconsidered. Existing literature emphasises that social interactions, typically conducted in the traditional workplace, are a fundamental feature of social life and shape employees’ experience of work. This experience is completely removed for many employees due to the pandemic and, presently, there is a lack of knowledge on how individuals maintain social interactions with colleagues via technology when working from home. Given that a lack of social interaction can lead to social isolation and other negative repercussions, this study aims to contribute to the existing body of literature on remote working by highlighting employees’ experiences and practices around social interaction with colleagues. This study takes an interpretivist and qualitative approach utilising the diary-keeping technique to collect data from twenty-nine individuals who had started to work from home on a full-time basis as a result of the pandemic. The study explores how participants conduct social interactions using different technology platforms and how such interactions are embedded in their working lives. The findings highlight the difficulty in maintaining social interactions via technology such as the absence of cues and emotional intelligence, as well as highlighting numerous other factors such as job uncertainty, increased workloads and heavy usage of technology that affect their work lives. The study also highlights that despite the negative experiences relating to working from home, some participants are apprehensive about returning to work in the traditional office place where social interactions may actually be perceived as a distraction. The main contribution of our study is to highlight that a variety of perceptions and feelings of how work has changed via an increased use of digital media while working from home exists and that organisations need to be aware of these differences so that they can be managed in a contextualised manner, thus increasing both the efficiency and effectiveness of working from home.

scholarly journals Misogyny in Health Professions? An Analysis of the Dalhousie Dentistry Scandal

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Hunter ◽  
Erika Maxwell ◽  
Fern Brunger
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Hidden Curriculum ◽  
Health Professions ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles

This commentary offers an explanation for how and why the Dalhousie Dentistry scandal could occur in a society and time where traditional gender roles are seemingly being eradicated. We use Foucault’s modes of objectification, applied to an analysis of the use of “manhood acts” and in relation to the hidden curriculum, to argue that when women threaten the authority of men in health professions, men may subconsciously look for ways to re-exert an unequal and gendered subject-object binary.

Legal Change and Stigma in Surrogacy and Abortion

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-195
Author(s):  
John A. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Reproductive Rights ◽  
Social Expectations ◽  
Legal Change ◽  
Procreative Liberty ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Cultural Paradigm ◽  
Good Mother

The role of stigma in limiting reproductive rights has long hovered in the air. Paula Abrams has sorted through the concept and shown how it operates in two major areas of procreative liberty — having a child through surrogacy and avoiding childbirth by abortion. Her paper is especially useful for showing how legal change initially dilutes stigma but may reinstall it with post-legalization regulation.Abrams argues that both abortion and surrogacy are stigmatized because they deviate from traditional gender roles and social expectations about pregnancy and maternity. Past restrictions have rested on a common legal and cultural paradigm of the good mother: a woman who conceives, carries her child to term, and then rears the child. Indeed, as she later argues, evidence of stigma surrounding a practice is “relevant to determining whether laws regulating abortion or surrogacy are based on impermissible stereotyping.”

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