scholarly journals COVID-19 and the Growth Potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Michael Grömling
Keyword(s):  
Physical Capital ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
Potential Output ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
Scarring Effects

AbstractThe lasting economic impact of the coronavirus pandemic will become apparent in the development of the macroeconomic factors of production — labour, capital, human capital as well as the stock of technical knowledge. Changes in behaviour such as a greater acceptance of technology can strengthen potential output permanently. By contrast, negative effects may arise from growing protectionist attitudes or long-lasting uncertainties and ‘scarring effects’. In any case, the coronavirus crisis has induced a technology push. This may be intensified if digitisation gains additional support from investments in infrastructure or if the pandemic heralds a renaissance in the natural sciences — with a corresponding impact on human and physical capital as well as on technical knowledge. For the time being, it is unclear what effects the restructuring and secular structural change will have on potential output. However, dangers are lurking in the acceleration of geopolitical tensions, a misunderstanding of technological sovereignty and increasing government interventions, which, as a whole, could hamper innovation and investment.

The Impact of Macroeconomic Factors on Environmental Loss Ratio: Evidence from Taiwanese Insurance Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 1850020
Author(s):  
Li-Hua Lai ◽  
Ching-Hao Chen ◽  
Tung-Cheng Chang
Keyword(s):  
Input Data ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Loss Ratio ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Macroeconomic Factor ◽  
Environmental Loss ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insurance Data

Environmental insurance (EI) protections help resolve the firm-industry economic loss problem. However, the loss ratio of EI is positively affected by itself from one period ahead. The positive and negative effects of macroeconomic factor on the loss ratio of EIs are not necessarily consistent, but they are dependent on the effect of the year’s environmental condition. The economic variables affecting the loss ratio of EI are quite inconsistent, so insurance prices and liability reserves should be modified every year. While the investigations are the special properties of our input data of Taiwan, the prescription of this paper could provide cross-references with other countries.

scholarly journals Lagged Effect of Macroeconomic Variables on Stock Returns: A Case of Firm Size

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Size Group ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Lagged Effect

The evidence of lagged effect regarding firm size between macroeconomic factors and stock returns is found with GARCH model for the UAE firms. More precisely, exchange rate showed a significant effect on stock returns irrespective of size group and lag level. However, a positive effect is observed at lag four and a negative effect is observed on lag five and two for small and large size firms respectively. For majority of the firms in small size, the risk-free rate showed a negative lagged effect on stock returns; however, for the majority of the firms in large size, it showed a positive lagged effect on stock returns. Inflation also showed a significant effect on stock returns on each lag level except for large firms where at lag five it is insignificant. Moreover, as the lags increase from 1- 4 and size from small to large, the negative effect of inflation converts to positive effect on stock returns. The lag effect of real activity showed both positive and negative effects on relatively larger stock returns of small firms than big firms. Money supply showed positive significant effect on stock returns of all firms irrespective of the size group; however, this relationship is even more prominent at lag five. Finally, the oil prices showed a positive effect on stock returns (large size) which further maximizes at lag two; whereas, a negative maximization takes place at lag three. Hence, investors can make informed and effective decisions and UAE policymakers developed effective measures to control and promote macroeconomic growth and stability.

scholarly journals Impact of financial development on agricultural productivity in South Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 232-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zakaria ◽  
Wen Jun ◽  
Marium Farrukh Khan
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Robustness Analysis ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Impact

The paper examines the impact of financial development on agricultural productivity in South Asia using data for the period 1973–2015. The other variables included are physical capital, human capital, trade openness and income level. It is found that all variables have cross-section dependence and they are stationary at first differences. It is found that long-run cointegration holds among variables. The estimated results show that financial development has an inverted U-shaped effect on agricultural productivity, which implies that agricultural productivity first increases with the increase in financial development and then it declines when financial development further increases. Agricultural productivity increases with the increase in both physical and human capitals. Agricultural productivity also improves with trade openness and income level. The results of the robustness analysis show that terms of trade has a negative effect on agricultural productivity. Further, industrialisation has positive while carbon emission and rural labour force have negative effects on agricultural productivity in the region.<br />

scholarly journals Hyperprolactinemia in the postmenopause: versions and contraversions

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 1234-1239
Author(s):  
Olga Ya. Leshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Dopamine Agonists ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Conflicting Information ◽  
Postmenopausal Period ◽  
Long Time

The prevalence of hyperprolactinemia in postmenopausal women is unknown and has been estimated as infrequent by many studies. Prolactinomas found after menopause are usually macroadenomas and remain unrecognized for a long time due to atypical clinical signs or their absence. The growth potential of prolactinomas persists after menopause, most of them are invasive and accompanied by high prolactin levels. Treatment with dopamine agonists is usually long-term, the goals of which are to reduce tumor size, normalize prolactin levels and the negative effects of hyperprolactinemia. Treatment with cabergoline makes it possible to achieve remission of the disease in the first years after discontinuation, however, the proportion of relapses in postmenopausal women increases 5 years after discontinuation of the drug. Remission of prolactinomas is not evident in postmenopausal women. The modern management of patients with prolactinoma and/or hyperprolactinemia does not have clear positions in the postmenopausal period. Controversial issues remain: an ambiguous relationship between prolactin levels and breast cancer, there are no convincing conclusions on the improvement of bone mineral density and/or a decrease in the risk of fractures with normalization of prolactin levels, there are no data on metabolic parameters after the end of treatment with dopamine agonists, conflicting information about the relationship of prolactin levels and the severity of the manifold manifestations of the climacteric syndrome. The use of estrogen-progestin drugs in women with hyperprolactinemia/prolactinomas is also not well understood. Thus, the problem of hyperprolactinemia in the perimenopausal and postmenopausal period is underestimated and requires additional research, as well as the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for potential benefits in terms of weight loss, improving insulin sensitivity, reducing the risk of fractures, maintaining sexuality and psycho-emotional well-being.

scholarly journals Factors Shaping Agri-food Product Trade in Poland

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1221-1228
Author(s):  
Piotr Bórawski ◽  
Mariola Grzybowska-Brzezińska ◽  
James William Dunn ◽  
Spiro E. Stefanou
Keyword(s):  
Trade Balance ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Total Import ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The Impact

The objective of the paper is to recognize the role of internal and external factors in the trade balance. The analysis of the trade balance is useful to help formulate goals and premises of economy policy to properly allocate production means to eliminate the negative effects of trade liberalization. The authors have studied data about trade of agricultural commodities in the years 2000–2010. To measure the impact of macroeconomic variables used a regression model. The macroeconomic factors included: X1 (inflation), X2 (investment in agriculture and hunting), X3 (GDP) and X4 (exchange rate) and X5 (FAO food price index). We wanted to recognize the impact of macroeconomic factors on: Y1 (total export), Y2 (total import), Y3 (trade balance).

Macro-economic index effect on house prices in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheyu Li ◽  
Muhammad Najib Razali ◽  
Hassan Gholipour Fereidouni ◽  
Yasmin Mohd. Adnan
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Policy Suggestions ◽  
Vector Auto Regression ◽  
Auto Regression ◽  
Index Effect

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to estimate different data models on house prices using statistical models and the variables which are controlled by real estate policy.Design/methodology/approachThis study used several statistical techniques, such as Vector auto-regression (VAR), Johansen co-integration and variance decomposition, which aim to assess the significant effect of macroeconomic factors on Chinese house prices.FindingsThe results show that land supply and other variables have negative effects on house prices. The results also indicate that financial mortgages for real estate have positive effects on house prices and the area of vacant houses as well as the area of housing sold.Research limitations/implicationsThis study only covers three cities in China because of limitations of data for other cities.Originality/valueThis study proposes policy suggestions according to the empirical results obtained.

scholarly journals “We also deserve help during the pandemic”: The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on foreign domestic workers in Hong Kong

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid D. Lui ◽  
Nimisha Vandan ◽  
Sara E. Davies ◽  
Sophie Harman ◽  
Rosemary Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Foreign Domestic Workers ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
Local Transmission ◽  
Blind Spots

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses particular challenges for migrant workers around the world. This study explores the unique experiences of foreign domestic workers (FDWs) in Hong Kong, and how COVID-19 impacted their health and economic wellbeing. Interviews with FDWs (n= 15) and key informants (n= 3) were conducted between May and August 2020. FDWs reported a dual-country experience of the pandemic, where they expressed concerns about local transmission risks as well as worries about their family members in their home country. Changes to their current work situation included how their employers treated them, as well as their employment status. FDWs also cited blind spots in the Hong Kong policy response that also affected their experience of the pandemic, including a lack of support from the Hong Kong government. Additional support is needed to mitigate the particularly negative effects of the pandemic on FDWs.

scholarly journals Stigma Towards Wuhan People During the COVID-19 Epidemic: An Exploratory Study Based on Social Media

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yazheng Di ◽  
Ang Li ◽  
He Li ◽  
Peijing Wu ◽  
Simin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Stigma Reduction ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Stigmatizing Attitudes ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background: Stigma associated with infectious diseases is common and causes various negative effects on stigmatized people. With Wuhan as the center of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, its people have become an object of stigmatization. To provide necessary information for stigma mitigation, this study aims to identify the stigmatizing attitudes towards Wuhan people and trace their changes as the COVID-19 progressed in China by analyzing related posts on social media.Methods: We collected a total of 19,780 Weibo posts containing the keyword ‘Wuhan people’ and performed a content analysis to identify stigmatizing attitudes in the posts. Then we divided our observation time into three periods and performed Repeated Measures ANOVA to compare the differences in attitudes in three periods. Results: Results show that stigma was mild with 2.46% of related posts being stigmatizing. The percentages of stigmatizing posts differed significantly in 3 periods (F (2,66) = 5.60, p <.01, η2= 0.15). The percentages of ‘Infectious’ posts (F (2,66) = 3.69, p <.05, η2 = 0.10) and ‘Stupid’ posts (F (2,66) = 3.65, p <.05, η2 = 0.10) are significantly different in 3 periods. The percentages of ‘Irresponsible’ posts is not significant different in 3 periods (F (2,66) = 0.63, p =.53, η2 = 0.02). After government interventions, stigma didn’t reduce significantly, and stigma with ‘Infectious’ attitude even increased. It was until the government interventions took effect that stigma significantly reduced. Conclusions: This study found that stigma towards Wuhan people included diverse attitudes and changed at different periods. After government interventions but before they took effect, stigma with ‘Infectious’ attitude increased. After government interventions took effect, general stigma, and stigma with ‘Infectious’ and ‘Stupid’ attitudes decreased. This study constitutes an important endeavor to understand the stigma towards Wuhan people in China during the COVID-19 epidemic. Implications for stigma reduction and improvement of the public’s perception in different periods of epidemic control are discussed.

scholarly journals Stigma towards Wuhan people during the COVID-19 epidemic: An exploratory study based on social media

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yazheng Di ◽  
Ang Li ◽  
He Li ◽  
Peijing Wu ◽  
Simin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Stigma Reduction ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Stigmatizing Attitudes ◽  
The Government ◽  
P 53

Background: Stigma associated with infectious diseases is common and causes various negative effects on stigmatized people. With Wuhan as the center of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, its people have become an object of stigmatization. To provide necessary information for stigma mitigation, this study aims to identify the stigmatizing attitudes towards Wuhan people and trace their changes as the COVID-19 progressed in China by analyzing related posts on social media.Methods: We collected a total of 19,780 Weibo posts containing the keyword ‘Wuhan people’ and performed a content analysis to identify stigmatizing attitudes in the posts. Then we divided our observation time into three periods and performed Repeated Measures ANOVA to compare the differences in attitudes in three periods. Results: Results show that stigma was mild with 2.46% of related posts being stigmatizing. The percentages of stigmatizing posts differed significantly in 3 periods (F (2,66) = 5.60, p &lt;.01, η2= 0.15). The percentages of ‘Infectious’ posts (F (2,66) = 3.69, p &lt;.05, η2 = 0.10) and ‘Stupid’ posts (F (2,66) = 3.65, p &lt;.05, η2 = 0.10) are significantly different in 3 periods. The percentages of ‘Irresponsible’ posts is not significant different in 3 periods (F (2,66) = 0.63, p =.53, η2 = 0.02). After government interventions, stigma didn’t reduce significantly, and stigma with ‘Infectious’ attitude even increased. It was until the government interventions took effect that stigma significantly reduced. Conclusions: This study found that stigma towards Wuhan people included diverse attitudes and changed at different periods. After government interventions but before they took effect, stigma with ‘Infectious’ attitude increased. After government interventions took effect, general stigma, and stigma with ‘Infectious’ and ‘Stupid’ attitudes decreased. This study constitutes an important endeavor to understand the stigma towards Wuhan people in China during the COVID-19 epidemic. Implications for stigma reduction and improvement of the public’s perception in different periods of epidemic control are discussed.

scholarly journals Multi-Factor Crime in Malaysia, 1980 – 2013: Bounds Testing of Level Relationships and Granger Non-Causality Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Dullah Mulok ◽  
Mori Kogid ◽  
Rozilee Asid ◽  
Jaratin Lily
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

This study examines the relationship between criminal activities and the multi-macroeconomic factors of economic growth, unemployment, poverty, population and inflation in Malaysia from 1980 to 2013. The ARDL bounds testing of the level relationship was used to establish the long-run relation, and the Toda-Yamamoto Augmented VAR approach was used to test the short-run impact based on partial Granger non-causality analysis. Empirical results suggest that economic growth, inflation, poverty and population are significant factors affecting criminal activities in Malaysia with economic growth and poverty recording positive effects, whereas negative effects were recorded for inflation and population in the long-term. Further investigation using Granger non-causality analysis revealed that only population does Granger caused the criminal activities in the short-run. The findings provide useful information for policymakers to strengthen the existing crime-related policies in order to improve safety and security while maintaining economic sustainability in Malaysia.

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