scholarly journals Maternal cannibalism in two populations of wild chimpanzees

Primates ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel Fedurek ◽  
Patrick Tkaczynski ◽  
Caroline Asiimwe ◽  
Catherine Hobaiter ◽  
Liran Samuni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Typical Response ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Meat Sharing

Abstract Maternal cannibalism has been reported in several animal taxa, prompting speculations that the behavior may be part of an evolved strategy. In chimpanzees, however, maternal cannibalism has been conspicuously absent, despite high levels of infant mortality and reports of non-maternal cannibalism. The typical response of chimpanzee mothers is to abandon their deceased infant, sometimes after prolonged periods of carrying and grooming the corpse. Here, we report two anomalous observations of maternal cannibalism in communities of wild chimpanzees in Uganda and Ivory Coast and discuss the evolutionary implications. Both infants likely died under different circumstances; one apparently as a result of premature birth, the other possibly as a result of infanticide. In both cases, the mothers consumed parts of the corpse and participated in meat sharing with other group members. Neither female presented any apparent signs of ill health before or after the events. We concluded that, in both cases, cannibalizing the infant was unlikely due to health-related issues by the mothers. We discuss these observations against a background of chimpanzee mothers consistently refraining from maternal cannibalism, despite ample opportunities and nutritional advantages. We conclude that maternal cannibalism is extremely rare in this primate, likely due to early and strong mother–offspring bond formation, which may have been profoundly disrupted in the current cases.

Conflicting Health-Related Scientific Evidence in News Reports: Effects of Hedging and Presentation Format on Perceived Issue Uncertainty and Scientists’ and Journalists’ Credibility

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Health Communication ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Presentation Format ◽  
News Article ◽  
Online Experiment ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Health Related

Introduction: This study examined effects of two journalistic practices in reporting conflicting scientific evidence, hedging and presentation format, on scientists’ and journalists’ credibility and issue uncertainty. Methods: An online experiment was conducted using students from a western U.S. university. Hedging was manipulated as reporting methodological limitations versus not reporting the limitations in news articles covering the conflict. Presentation format was manipulated as using a single news article to report both sides of the conflict versus using double articles with one side of the conflict in one article and the other side in the other article. Results: The study found that perceived issue uncertainty was higher in hedged news articles than that in non-hedged articles; presentation format did not affect people’s perceived issue uncertainty. For scientists’ credibility (both competence and trustworthiness), this study found that it was lower in the single-article format than that in the double-article format; for journalists’ credibility, this study found that journalists’ trustworthiness in the two formats did not vary, but their competence was lower in the double-article format than that in the single-article format. Conclusion: This study contributes to the field of science and health communication by examining effects of presentation format used in communicating conflicting health-related scientific evidence and by examining effects of communicating scientific limitations in a context where conflicting evidence exists. Keywords: conflicting scientific evidence, hedging, presentation format, scientists’ credibility, journalists’ credibility

Reactions of macroions with ester and carboxylic groups of polymers

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 2194-2203
Author(s):  
Miloslav Kučera ◽  
Dušan Kimmer ◽  
Karla Majerová ◽  
Josef Majer
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Covalent Bond ◽  
The Other ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Carboxylic Groups ◽  
Poly Acrylic Acid

In the reaction of dianions with poly(methyl methacrylate), only an insignificant amount of insoluble crosslinked product is obtained. If, however, the concentration of grafting dianions approaches that of ester groups, the amount of poly(methyl methacrylate) which may thus be crosslinked becomes quite significant. Dications, too, can bring about crosslinking of only an insignificant number of poly(methyl methacrylate) chains. Carboxylic groups in poly(acrylic acid) react with dianions and dications in an anhydrous medium similarly to ester groups. On the other hand, in the presence of a cocatalytic amount of water dications are more readily bound to carboxylic groups, forming a covalent bond. The relatively highest efficiency was observed in the bond formation between dication and the poly[styrene-alt-(maleic anhydride)], both in an anhydrous medium and in the presence of H2O.

Comparative Area Studies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Berg-Schlosser
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Area Studies ◽  
International Context ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Cross Area Studies ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Area studies have undergone significant changes over the last two decades. They have been transformed from mostly descriptive accounts in the international context of the Cold War to theory-oriented and methodological analytical approaches. More recent comparative methods such as “Qualitative Comparative Analysis” (QCA) and related approaches, which are particularly suitable for medium N studies, have significantly contributed to this development. This essay discusses the epistemological background of this approach as well as recent developments. It provides two examples of current “cross area studies,” one concerned with successful democratic transformations across four regions (Africa, Eastern Europe, Latin America, and East Asia), the other with political participation in marginalized settlements in four countries (Brazil, Chile, Ivory Coast, Kenya) in a multilevel analysis. The conclusion points to the theoretical promises of this approach and its practical-political relevance.

Rubidium-Strontium-Messungen an Gläsern vom Bosumtwi-Krater und an Elfenbeinküsten-Tektiten

1966 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans J. Lippolt ◽  
Gerald J. Wasserburg
Keyword(s):  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Linear Array ◽  
The Other ◽  
Similar Material ◽  
Isotopic Study ◽  
Fusion Products

A Rb-Sr isotopic study of 5 glasses from the Bosumtwi crater in Ghana and of three Ivory Coast tektites was made. The Sr87/Sr86 ratios for the glasses lie between 0.716 and 0.734 and those for the tektites between 0.721 and 0.726. The ratios of Rb/Sr are between 0.196 and 0.328 for the crater glasses and between 0.197 and 0.287 for the tektites. The Ivory Coast tektites lie in a region of the Sr evolution diagram which is distinctly lower than for the other tektite groups 1. The Bosumtwi glasses define an approximately linear array on the Sr evolution diagram which contains the Ivory Coast tektite points. These results show that the IC tektites are distinctive from other tektite occurences and suggest that the glasses and the tektites may represent fusion products of similar material.

The Afterlives of Violent Images

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 327-354
Author(s):  
Nadia Yaqub
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Refugee Camp ◽  
The Other ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Violent Images

This article examines the posting of photographs on two Facebook groups created by survivors of the 1976 fall of the Tal al-Zaʾtar refugee camp and their descendants. What happens to photographs as they circulate through these particular social media groups, and what relations do people (including photographed subjects who appear in images of atrocity and trauma) create with such images as they circulate in new ways? How are they mobilized through social media to create and sustain collective memory? I argue that by addressing the yearning to discover, document and sustain networks of affiliation and association on one hand and a shared geography, lost in 1976 and virtually reconstructed through members’ activities on the sites on the other, group members appeal in complex ways to both indexical and iconic qualities of photographs, thereby allowing for the creative engagement with a collective past for the needs of community members in the present.

scholarly journals Breach of Contact: An Intercultural Reading of China Miéville's 'The City and The City'

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Elizabeth Hanna ◽  
Peter Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intercultural Training ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Intercultural Encounters ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
City States ◽  
City Relations ◽  
The City ◽  
Two Populations

China Miéville’s 2009 'Weird' detective novel The City and The City is a tale of two city states, culturally distinct, between which unpoliced contact is forbidden. While residents of each city can learn about the other’s history, geography, politics, see photographs and watch news footage of the other city, relations between the two are tightly monitored and any direct contact requires a series of protocols, some of which might seem reasonable, or at least familiar: entry permits, international mail, international dialing codes, intercultural training courses. What complicates these apparently banal measures is the relative positioning of the two cities, each one around, within, amongst the other. The two populations live side by side, under a regime which requires ostentatious and systematic disregard or 'unnoticing' of the other in any context but a tightly regulated set of encounters. For all that interculturality is endemic to everyday life in the 21st century, what is striking is that critical and popular uptake of this novel so frequently decries the undesirability, the immorality even, of the cultural separation between the two populations, framing it as an allegory of unjust division within a single culture, and thus by implication endorsing the erasure of intercultural difference. We propose an alternative reading which sees this novel as exploring the management of intercultural encounters, and staging the irreducibility of intercultural difference. We examine how the intercultural is established in the novel, and ask how it compares to its representations in prevalent theoretical models, specifically that of the Third Place.

Effect of Group Heterogeneity on Quality of Task Solutions

1982 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Aamodt ◽  
Wilson W. Kimbrough
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Group Heterogeneity ◽  
Group Members

Subjects were placed into groups on the basis of either trait homogeneity or heterogeneity with the other group members and were given a group task to complete. The results indicated group answers of superior quality when the group was composed of heterogeneous individuals rather than homogeneous individuals.

scholarly journals Origins of Banks and Credit Supply in Ivory Coast

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Prao Yao Seraphin
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Foreign Banks ◽  
Credit Supply ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Relationship

This paper provides an empirical assessment of the relationship between banking origins and the supply of credit in Ivory Coast. The analysis focuses on 14 banks composed of local banks, African banks and foreign banks outside Africa. The study covers the period from 2000 to 2016. Using the panel data approach, we show that local banks positively influence the supply of credit unlike foreign and African banks. Foreign banks, on the other hand, have a negative influence on the supply of credit in Ivory Coast. In addition, the results highlight the positive impact of growth and market share on the supply of credit to the private sector. On the other hand, the size of banks and the inflation rate are unfavourable to the supply of credit in Ivory Coast. The study suggests that local banks should be strengthened so that they can provide more financing to the Ivorian economy.

scholarly journals The Implications of Using Stereotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-336
Author(s):  
Gabriela-Maria Man
Keyword(s):  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Group Diversity

AbstractThe term stereotype was first used around a century ago, but its meaning and implications are relevant today due to an increase in group diversity and interactions. Stereotypes are simplistic and generalized beliefs about group members that can have negative consequences. This article reviews some of the evidence relating to two of the most common implications of stereotypes; discrimination and changes in cognitive and physical performance related with stereotype threat. The findings from this article may be helpful for human resource (HR) specialists, professors, health related specialists and those engaged in evaluation activities.

Sex Differences in Conformity: Status and Gender Role Interpretations

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice H. Eagly ◽  
Carole Chrvala
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Group Pressure ◽  
Status Characteristics ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Older Males

The experiment examines status and gender role explanations of the tendency for women to conform more than men in group pressure settings. Subjects believed they were assigned to groups containing two males and two females in addition to themselves and received these other group members' opinions, which were represented as deviating from the opinions that subjects had given earlier. Subjects then gave their opinions with the other group members either having or not having surveillance over these opinions. In addition, subjects were required to form impressions of each other's likability or expertise. The findings indicate that subjects' sex and age affected the extent of their conformity. Among older (19 years and older) subjects, females conformed more with surveillance than without it, whereas surveillance did not affect males' conformity. Among younger (under 19 years) subjects, surveillance had no effects. Analysis of sex differences revealed that older females were significantly more conforming than older males when under surveillance as well as when subjects formed impressions of one another's likability. Among younger subjects, there were no sex differences. These findings are discussed in terms of the theories that (a) both sex and age function as status characteristics and (b) gender roles determine conformity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document