scholarly journals Three-Dimensional (3D) Textiles in Architecture and Fashion Design: a Brief Overview of the Opportunities and Limits in Current Practice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Giglio ◽  
Ingrid Paoletti ◽  
Giovanni Maria Conti
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fashion Design ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
New Material ◽  
And Performance ◽  
3D Textiles

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) textiles prove characteristics in structures and performance which can be as attractive as to be the main object of a high number of research and applications in specialist markets (from small medical devices to large engineering structure) where the performance demands are severe ([1] in J Eng Fibers Fabr.). Nevertheless, much of the research has come from academia and there are few relatively small companies that, even if have expertise, lack the resources to develop R&D programmes. This prevents to broaden their application and to consolidate their use in new markets ([2] in Advances in 3D Textiles, pp 1-18). The paper aims at exploring the potentialities and future implementations of 3D textiles in architecture and fashion design. Both are fields where the demand to balance requirements of environmental sustainability, low time-consuming production and high performance is emerging, in their own respective scale. A set of more than 10 real case studies are collected and analysed with the aim at underlining the potentialities and the limits of 3D textiles in practice. The overview suggests that a more integrated workflow among modelling and simulation tools and bigger effort from industry to enhance manufacturing options and increase the interest on new material systems, bring about new application such as indoor environmental quality (IEQ) or human body protection.

EVALUATING GLARE IN LEED CERTIFIED BUILDINGS TO INFORM CRITERIA FOR DAYLIGHTING CREDITS

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-76
Author(s):  
Robin Wilder ◽  
Jaya Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Tom Femrite ◽  
Kevin Amende
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Rating System ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Post Occupancy Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Extensive Documentation

Extensive documentation has been developed to support the benefits of daylight for building occupants. Recently, the high performance building industry has shown a trend towards prioritizing better daylighting conditions. In response to this trend, the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system now addresses daylighting and views as one of the criteria for compliance. However, effective daylighting has its challenges—most importantly addressing the issue of glare. This paper discusses the issue of glare and its relationship with requirements for effective daylighting within the criteria of the LEED rating system. In this study, a LEED certified building on Montana State University's campus was considered as a case study. This paper conducts an analysis by comparing the results obtained from compliance procedures for LEED with independent evaluations of glare using simulation and post occupancy evaluation surveys. This paper concludes that the ‘illuminance simulation’ option provided in the current version of LEED (LEED v4) for compliance does not adequately address the issue of glare. This paper provides recommendations to improve the LEED rating system for indoor environmental quality which include: the incorporation of glare assessment in the evaluation procedures of daylighting and views; the use of dynamic simulations that incorporate climatic conditions in the evaluation of daylighting; and evaluating glare in early stages of design by using simulation tools.

Well-controlled Three-dimensional Tree-like Core-shell Structural Electrode for Flexible All-solid-state Supercapacitors with Favorable Mechanical and Electrochemical Durability.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
hao gu ◽  
Yiqing Zeng ◽  
Shipeng Wan ◽  
Shule Zhang ◽  
Qin Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mechanical Deformation ◽  
Performance Degradation ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Structural Collapse ◽  
Flexible Supercapacitors ◽  
Carbon Substrates ◽  
And Performance

Although coupling high pseudocapacitive species with flexible carbon substrates to fabricate hybrid electrodes holds promise for high-performance flexible supercapacitors, the structural collapse and performance degradation under repeated mechanical deformation remain...

Gel Engineering Materials Meso-Decorated with Polymorphic Crystals

2013 ◽  
Vol 746 ◽  
pp. 325-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Gong ◽  
Susumu Igarashi ◽  
Kensuke Sawamura ◽  
Masato Makino ◽  
M. Hasnat Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Polymorphic Crystals ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
New Material ◽  
Rigid Rod

Gels are a new material having three-dimensional network structures of macromolecules. They possess excellent properties as swellability, high permeability and biocompatibility, and have been applied in various fields of daily life, food, medicine, architecture, and chemistry. In this study, we tried to prepare new multi-functional and high-strength gels by using Meso-Decoration (Meso-Deco), one new method of structure design at intermediate mesoscale. High-performance rigid-rod aromatic polymorphic crystals. The strengthening of gels can be realized by meso-decorating the gels structure using high-performance polymorphic crystals. New gels with good mechanical properties, novel optical properties and thermal properties are expected to be developed.

scholarly journals Review of State-of-the-Art Green Monopropellants: For Propulsion Systems Analysts and Designers

Aerospace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Ahmed E. S. Nosseir ◽  
Angelo Cervone ◽  
Angelo Pasini
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Systems Analysts ◽  
And Performance

Current research trends have advanced the use of “green propellants” on a wide scale for spacecraft in various space missions; mainly for environmental sustainability and safety concerns. Small satellites, particularly micro and nanosatellites, evolved from passive planetary-orbiting to being able to perform active orbital operations that may require high-thrust impulsive capabilities. Thus, onboard primary and auxiliary propulsion systems capable of performing such orbital operations are required. Novelty in primary propulsion systems design calls for specific attention to miniaturization, which can be achieved, along the above-mentioned orbital transfer capabilities, by utilizing green monopropellants due to their relative high performance together with simplicity, and better storability when compared to gaseous and bi-propellants, especially for miniaturized systems. Owing to the ongoing rapid research activities in the green-propulsion field, it was necessary to extensively study and collect various data of green monopropellants properties and performance that would further assist analysts and designers in the research and development of liquid propulsion systems. This review traces the history and origins of green monopropellants and after intensive study of physicochemical properties of such propellants it was possible to classify green monopropellants to three main classes: Energetic Ionic Liquids (EILs), Liquid NOx Monopropellants, and Hydrogen Peroxide Aqueous Solutions (HPAS). Further, the tabulated data and performance comparisons will provide substantial assistance in using analysis tools—such as: Rocket Propulsion Analysis (RPA) and NASA CEA—for engineers and scientists dealing with chemical propulsion systems analysis and design. Some applications of green monopropellants were discussed through different propulsion systems configurations such as: multi-mode, dual mode, and combined chemical–electric propulsion. Although the in-space demonstrated EILs (i.e., AF-M315E and LMP-103S) are widely proposed and utilized in many space applications, the investigation transpired that NOx fuel blends possess the highest performance, while HPAS yield the lowest performance even compared to hydrazine.

scholarly journals QUANTUM SIMULATIONS OF DUAL GATE MOSFET DEVICES: BUILDING AND DEPLOYING COMMUNITY NANOTECHNOLOGY SOFTWARE TOOLS ON NANOHUB.ORG

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 485-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHAIKH AHMED ◽  
GERHARD KLIMECK ◽  
DERRICK KEARNEY ◽  
MICHAEL MCLENNAN ◽  
M. P. ANANTRAM
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Short Channel ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Channel Effects ◽  
Dual Gate ◽  
Quantum Mechanical Effects ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Device Properties ◽  
The Impact

Undesirable short-channel effects associated with the relentless downscaling of conventional CMOS devices have led to the emergence of new classes of MOSFETs. This has led to new and unprecedented challenges in computational nanoelectronics. The device sizes have already reached the level of tens of nanometers where quantum nature of charge-carriers dominates the device operation and performance. The goal of this paper is to describe an on-going initiative on nanoHUB.org to provide new models, algorithms, approaches, and a comprehensive suite of freely-available web-based simulation tools for nanoscale devices with capabilities not yet available commercially. Three software packages nanoFET, nanoMOS and QuaMC are benchmarked in the simulation of a widely-studied high-performance novel MOSFET device. The impact of quantum mechanical effects on the device properties is elucidated and key design issues are suggested.

Improved 3-D reconstruction using stereo computer graphics and multiple tilt EM images

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 630-631
Author(s):  
Lee D. Peachey ◽  
Lou Fodor ◽  
John C. Haselgrove ◽  
Stanley M. Dunn ◽  
Junqing Huang
Keyword(s):  
Computer Graphics ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stereo Pair ◽  
3D Reconstructions ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
Microscope Images ◽  
High Performance Computer

Stereo pairs of electron microscope images provide valuable visual impressions of the three-dimensional nature of specimens, including biological objects. Beyond this one seeks quantitatively accurate models and measurements of the three dimensional positions and sizes of structures in the specimen. In our laboratory, we have sought to combine high resolution video cameras with high performance computer graphics systems to improve both the ease of building 3D reconstructions and the accuracy of 3D measurements, by using multiple tilt images of the same specimen tilted over a wider range of angles than can be viewed stereoscopically. Ultimately we also wish to automate the reconstruction and measurement process, and have initiated work in that direction.Figure 1 is a stereo pair of 400 kV images from a 1 micrometer thick transverse section of frog skeletal muscle stained with the Golgi stain. This stain selectively increases the density of the transverse tubular network in these muscle cells, and it is this network that we reconstruct in this example.

Characterization of a monolayer graphitic structure

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 760-761
Author(s):  
X. Lin ◽  
X. K. Wang ◽  
V. P. Dravid ◽  
J. B. Ketterson ◽  
R. P. H. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Graphitic Structure ◽  
Positive Gaussian Curvature ◽  
Graphitic Sheet ◽  
Structural And Electronic Properties ◽  
New Material ◽  
Hexagonal Network

For small curvatures of a graphitic sheet, carbon atoms can maintain their preferred sp2 bonding while allowing the sheet to have various three-dimensional geometries, which may have exotic structural and electronic properties. In addition the fivefold rings will lead to a positive Gaussian curvature in the hexagonal network, and the sevenfold rings cause a negative one. By combining these sevenfold and fivefold rings with sixfold rings, it is possible to construct complicated carbon sp2 networks. Because it is much easier to introduce pentagons and heptagons into the single-layer hexagonal network than into the multilayer network, the complicated morphologies would be more common in the single-layer graphite structures. In this contribution, we report the observation and characterization of a new material of monolayer graphitic structure by electron diffraction, HREM, EELS.The synthesis process used in this study is reported early. We utilized a composite anode of graphite and copper for arc evaporation in helium.

Trace nanoanalysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 940-941
Author(s):  
D. E. Newbury ◽  
R. D. Leapman
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Volume Element ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Trace Constituents ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Concentration Levels ◽  
Structure Properties

Trace constituents, which can be very loosely defined as those present at concentration levels below 1 percent, often exert influence on structure, properties, and performance far greater than what might be estimated from their proportion alone. Defining the role of trace constituents in the microstructure, or indeed even determining their location, makes great demands on the available array of microanalytical tools. These demands become increasingly more challenging as the dimensions of the volume element to be probed become smaller. For example, a cubic volume element of silicon with an edge dimension of 1 micrometer contains approximately 5×1010 atoms. High performance secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) can be used to measure trace constituents to levels of hundreds of parts per billion from such a volume element (e. g., detection of at least 100 atoms to give 10% reproducibility with an overall detection efficiency of 1%, considering ionization, transmission, and counting).

Digitalization system of ancient architecture decoration art based on neural network and image features

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Wu Xin ◽  
Qiu Daping
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Performance Effect ◽  
Data Process ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Construction Mode

The inheritance and innovation of ancient architecture decoration art is an important way for the development of the construction industry. The data process of traditional ancient architecture decoration art is relatively backward, which leads to the obvious distortion of the digitalization of ancient architecture decoration art. In order to improve the digital effect of ancient architecture decoration art, based on neural network, this paper combines the image features to construct a neural network-based ancient architecture decoration art data system model, and graphically expresses the static construction mode and dynamic construction process of the architecture group. Based on this, three-dimensional model reconstruction and scene simulation experiments of architecture groups are realized. In order to verify the performance effect of the system proposed in this paper, it is verified through simulation and performance testing, and data visualization is performed through statistical methods. The result of the study shows that the digitalization effect of the ancient architecture decoration art proposed in this paper is good.

Sea Urchins and Circuses: The Modernist Natural Histories of Jean Painlevé and Alexander Calder

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-211
Author(s):  
Patricia E. Chu
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Machine Age ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
Natural Historian

The Paris avant-garde milieu from which both Cirque Calder/Calder's Circus and Painlevé’s early films emerged was a cultural intersection of art and the twentieth-century life sciences. In turning to the style of current scientific journals, the Paris surrealists can be understood as engaging the (life) sciences not simply as a provider of normative categories of materiality to be dismissed, but as a companion in apprehending the “reality” of a world beneath the surface just as real as the one visible to the naked eye. I will focus in this essay on two modernist practices in new media in the context of the history of the life sciences: Jean Painlevé’s (1902–1989) science films and Alexander Calder's (1898–1976) work in three-dimensional moving art and performance—the Circus. In analyzing Painlevé’s work, I discuss it as exemplary of a moment when life sciences and avant-garde technical methods and philosophies created each other rather than being classified as separate categories of epistemological work. In moving from Painlevé’s films to Alexander Calder's Circus, Painlevé’s cinematography remains at the forefront; I use his film of one of Calder's performances of the Circus, a collaboration the men had taken two decades to complete. Painlevé’s depiction allows us to see the elements of Calder's work that mark it as akin to Painlevé’s own interest in a modern experimental organicism as central to the so-called machine-age. Calder's work can be understood as similarly developing an avant-garde practice along the line between the bestiary of the natural historian and the bestiary of the modern life scientist.

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