scholarly journals Freezing: how do water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) survive exposure to sub-zero temperatures?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Zawal ◽  
Tomasz Czernicki ◽  
Grzegorz Michoński ◽  
Aleksandra Bańkowska ◽  
Robert Stryjecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Water Mites ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

AbstractUntil now, very little is known about the ability of adult and deutonymph water mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia) to survive in sub-zero temperatures. Information concerns mainly water mites from vernal astatic waters, and the knowledge has never been experimentally verified. To determine the sensitivity of water mites to freezing, experiments were conducted on (1) the impact of acclimatization, (2) temperature, and (3) duration of freezing on survival, (4) the survival rate of water mites from various types of water bodies, and (5) the survival rate of water mites from different climatic zones. The experiments were carried out in a phytotron chamber, and water mites were placed in containers (10 × 10 × 5 cm) filled with 4/5 of water for 10 specimens each. Water mites were identified to the species level after finishing the experiments. The temperature was lowered 1 °C every hour until the target temperature was reached. After a certain period of freezing (depending on the treatment) the temperature was raised by 1 °C every hour until it reached 4 °C. The time of the experiment was measured from the moment the desired temperature was reached (below 0 °C) until the ice thawed and the temperature of 4 °C was reached again. The highest survival rates had Limnochares aquatica, Piona nodata, Sperchon clupeifer and Lebertia porosa, followed by L. insignis, Hygrobates longipalpis, H. setosus, Limnesia undulatoides, Piona pusilla, Arrenurus globator, Hydrodroma despiciens, Piona longipalpis, Sperchonopsis verrucosa, Unionicola crassipes and Mideopsis crassipes; no specimens of Torrenticola amplexa survived. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) water mites can survive freezing to −2 °C, lower temperatures are lethal for them; (2) they survived better the short period of freezing (24–48 h) than the long period (168 h); (3) resistance to freezing seems to be an evolutionary trait of individual species, only partly related to the living environment; and (4) freezing survival rates are linked to the region of Europe and are much lower in Southern than in Central Europe.

scholarly journals Impacts of Climatic Change on Reference Crop Evapotranspiration across Different Climatic Zones of Ningxia at Multi-Time Scales from 1957 to 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Ziyang Zhao ◽  
Hongrui Wang ◽  
Cheng Wang ◽  
Wangcheng Li ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Reference Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reference Crop

The impact of global climate change on agroecosystems is growing, affecting reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) and subsequent agricultural water management. In this study, the climate factors temporal trends, the spatiotemporal variation, and the climate driving factors of ET0 at different time scales were evaluated across the Northern Yellow River Irrigation Area (NYR), Central Arid Zone (CAZ), and Southern Mountain Area (SMA) of Ningxia based on 20 climatic stations’ daily data from 1957 to 2018. The results showed that the Tmean (daily mean air temperature), Tmax (daily maximum air temperature), and Tmin (daily minimum air temperature) all had increased significantly over the past 62 years, whilst RH (relative humidity), U2 (wind speed at 2 m height), and SD (sunshine duration) had significantly decreasing trends across all climatic zones. At monthly scale, the ET0 was mainly concentrated from April to September. And at annual and seasonal scales, the overall increasing trends were more pronounced in NX, NYR, and SMA, while CAZ was the opposite. For the spatial distribution, ET0 presented a trend of rising first and then falling at all time scales. The abrupt change point for climatic factors and ET0 series was obtained at approximately 1990 across all climatic zones, and the ET0 had a long period of 25a and a short period of 10a at annual scale, while it was 15a and 5a at seasonal scale. RH and Tmax were the most sensitive climatic factors at the annual and seasonal scales, while the largest contribution rates were Tmax and SD. This study not only is important for the understanding of ET0 changes but also provides the preliminary and elementary reference for agriculture water management in Ningxia.

Impact of obesity upon the survival of cholangiocarcinoma patients.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 288-288
Author(s):  
Phani Keerthi Surapaneni ◽  
Zhuo Li ◽  
Lalitha Padmanabha Vemireddy ◽  
Pashtoon Murtaza Kasi ◽  
Jason Scott Starr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Overall Survival Rate ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

288 Background: Obesity is a risk factor for developing cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). However, the effect of obesity on survival of CCA is unclear. The primary aim of this study was to analyze the impact of obesity upon overall survival of CCA patients. Secondary aims were to analyze impact of obesity upon other disease characteristics such as tumor site, stage, age, sex, BMI and Ca 19-9. Methods: A total of 411 unique pts diagnosed with CCA at Mayo Clinic Florida between 2000 and 2018 were retrieved from our collective SDMS database. Variables evaluated included:demographics, Body Mass Index (BMI), AJCC stage, tumor location and Ca 19-9.A total of 185 pts had all data available pertaining to these variables. We further restricted the analysis to pts with intrahepatic CCA classified BMI as per CDC criteria normal (18.5-25kg/m2), overweight (25-29.9kg/m2) and obese (≥30 kg/m2), thus leaving a total of 152 pts. Continuous and categorical variables were compared across BMI groups using Chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test. Overall survival rates after diagnosis at 1, 2 and 3 years were estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Among 152 pts included in the study, 28% were normal weight, 40% were overweight and 32% were obese. The overall survival rate at 1, 2 and 3 years for normal weight pts with all stages combined was 54.1%, 35%, and 30.7%, respectively. The overall survival rate at 1, 2 and 3 years for overweight pts with all stages combined was 59.7 %, 32.6%, and 25.4%, respectively. The overall survival rate at 1, 2 and 3 years for obese pts with all stages combined was 63.9%, 37.6%, and 26.7%, respectively(p = 0.8766). Multivariate analysis demonstrated is no significant difference in overall survival for obese pts compared to normal or overweight pts.(Table to be shown) However it showed, gender and Ca19-9 were statistically significant predictors of overall survival, with males and pts with Ca19-9≥100 doing worse (HR1.65 (CI = 1.05, 2.61, p = 0.031) and HR 2.31 (CI = 1.49, 3.59, p = < 0.01), respectively). Conclusions: BMI did not make a significant impact on the overall survival, though there may be a trend toward worse OS for ptswith higher BMI. A larger, stage focused evaluation is warranted for further exploration of this trend.

scholarly journals Survival Analysis of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Hemodialysis in West Java. Indonesia, Year 2007 - 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-179
Author(s):  
Afiatin ◽  
Dwi Agustian ◽  
Kurnia Wahyudi ◽  
Pandu Riono ◽  
Rully M. A. Roesli
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Treatment Quality ◽  
West Java ◽  
Dialysis Treatment ◽  
The Impact

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease on dialysis or CKD5D is increasing with a significant impact on disease burden in many countries. Patients are usually listed in the national renal registries, which report demographic data, incidence, prevalence, and outcome. The survival rate is an important outcome measure to characterize the impact of treatment in the CKD5 patient population in the national and international renal registries. Indonesian Society of Nephrology (InaSN) has the Indonesian Renal Registry program to collect data that was endorsed to monitor dialysis treatment quality in Indonesia. IRR releases an annual report, but there is no survival analysis yet. This study aimed to discover the five-year survival rate of CKD5D patients in West Java between 2007–2018 and its factor based on the IRR database. A retrospective cohort study was performed by gaining all patients' data from the IRR database, then data on all of the patients from West Java province who completed a 5-year follow-up on December 31, 2018. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard's model were used to analyze the risk factors. There were 3,199 data included in this study. In total, the 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 year survival rates are 82%, 70%, 62%, 58%, and 55 %, respectively. Patients whose age is above 55 years and with unknown underlying kidney disease have a worse survival rate with a hazard ratio of 1.28 and 1.50, respectively. Further exploration of IRR data will provide better information on dialysis treatment in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Study and optimization of freeze-drying cycles of a model probiotic strain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Verlhac ◽  
Séverine Vessot-Crastes ◽  
Ghania Degobert ◽  
Claudia Cogné ◽  
Julien Andrieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Porous Matrix ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact

This work is based on the experimental study of the freeze-drying process to understand the impact of numerous factors on the survival rates of a model probiotic strain of Lactobacillus casei type. With the aim to find out if cell density in the matrix and survival rates are linked, we have studied the location of the cells after freeze drying inside a porous  matrix composed of a lactose basis with a polymer, the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in various amounts. The best survival rate were obtained at slow freezing rate for a formulation containing 5% (m/V) of lactose and 5% (m/V) of PVP. Keywords: Freeze-Drying; Freezing; Probiotics; L. Casei ATCC 393 

Systemic ventricle morphology impact on ten-year survival after Fontan surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 677-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Fauziah ◽  
Oktavia Lilyasari ◽  
Lies Dina Liastuti ◽  
Budi Rahmat
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Fontan Procedure ◽  
Fontan Operation ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Univentricular Heart ◽  
Thromboembolic Events ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Systemic Ventricle ◽  
The Impact

Background The Fontan procedure has been applied in many patients with single-ventricle physiology, with quite low mortality rates all over the world, and a 8.6%–9.1% rate in Indonesia. Structural and characteristic differences in the morphologically left and right ventricles influence the role of the systemic ventricle in the functionally univentricular heart and impact on postoperative outcomes. Mid- and long-term survival based on systemic ventricle morphology remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the impact of systemic ventricle morphology on ten-year survival after the Fontan procedure. Methods The 162 patients who underwent a Fontan operation at our institution between 2008 and February 2018 and survived to discharge were reviewed and followed up until March 2018. Data were extracted from the registry and pediatric surgical conferences, medical records, surgery reports, echocardiography and catheterization reports, and follow-up to the end of the study period. Median follow-up was 26.5 months (range 10.75–54 months). Results The patients were divided into 2 groups based on systemic ventricle morphology. Seventy-four patients were included in the left morphology group and 88 in the right morphology group. There was no difference in 10-year survival rates between the two type of systemic ventricle morphology. Postoperative thromboembolic events influenced the 10-year survival rate after the Fontan procedure (hazard ratio 4.84, 95% confidence interval: 1.26–18.55, p = 0.021). Conclusion Systemic ventricle morphology was not associated with the 10-year survival rate after the Fontan procedure. Postoperative thromboembolic events accounted for a 4.84-times higher mortality risk after the Fontan procedure.

scholarly journals Time-Resolved Spectroscopy of Accretion Disks in Algols

1989 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald H. Kaitchuck
Keyword(s):  
Emission Line ◽  
Accretion Disks ◽  
Velocity Fields ◽  
Continuum Emission ◽  
Turbulent Structures ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Time Resolved Spectroscopy ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Impact

AbstractTime-resolved spectroscopy during the eclipse of short-period Algol systems, has shown their accretion disks to be small, turbulent structures with non-Keplerian velocity fields and asymmetries between the leading and trailing sides of the disk. These transient disks are produced by the impact of the gas stream on the mass-gaining star, and occur in systems where the star is just large enough to ensure the stream collision is complete. These emission line disks and the excess continuum emission do not always occur together. The permanent accretion disks in at least a few of the long-period Algol systems have features in common with the transient disks including non-Keplerian velocity fields.

Pharmaceutical Innovation and U.S. Cancer Survival, 1992-2003: Evidence from Linked SEER-MEDSTAT Data

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank R. Lichtenberg
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Radiation Oncology ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Pharmaceutical Innovation ◽  
Diagnostic Radiology ◽  
Medical Innovation ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of pharmaceutical innovation and other factors on the survival of U.S. cancer patients during the period 1992-2003. In particular, it investigates whether cancer survival rates increased more for those cancer sites that had the largest increases in the proportion of chemotherapy treatments that were "new" treatments. We control for other types of medical innovation, i.e. other pharmaceutical innovation, and innovation in surgical procedures, diagnostic radiology procedures, and radiation oncology procedures.Data on observed survival rates, the number of people diagnosed, mean age at diagnosis, and stage distribution are obtained from the National Cancer Institute’s SEER public-use data. Estimates of rates of innovation in chemotherapy and other treatment and diagnostic procedures are constructed from the MEDSTAT MarketScan database and other data sources. Treatment innovation indicators based on MEDSTAT data are likely to be useful, albeit noisy, indicators of the treatment innovation experienced by patients in SEER registries. This sampling error is likely to bias the coefficients on the treatment innovation measures towards zero.We compute weighted least-squares estimates of 6 versions of a survival model, based on different survival intervals and functional forms. The chemotherapy vintage coefficient is positive and significant in every model. This indicates that the cancer sites whose chemotherapy vintage (measured by the share of post-1990 treatments) increased the most during the period 1992-2003 tended to have larger increases in observed survival rates, ceteris paribus.We estimate how much lower the survival rate from all cancer sites combined would have been during 1993-2001 in the absence of post-1992 chemotherapy innovation. The estimates indicate that chemotherapy innovation accounted for 74% of the increase in the 1-year observed survival rate for all cancer sites combined during the period 1992-2001. Chemotherapy innovation accounted for smaller fractions of the increases in the 2-year and 3-year observed survival rates for all cancer sites combined during the same period: 51% and 29%, respectively.The coefficients on measures of non-pharmaceutical medical innovation (in radiation oncology, diagnostic radiology, and surgery innovation) are generally not significant. However these measures may be less reliable than the drug innovation measure. They were based upon the year in which the AMA established a new procedure code, which may be a far less meaningful indicator of innovation than the year in which the FDA first approved a drug. This topic warrants further research.

scholarly journals Impact of Multidisciplinary Team Management on the Survival Rate of Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Cohort Study Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changyi Shang ◽  
Linfei Feng ◽  
Ying Gu ◽  
Houlin Hong ◽  
Lilin Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Team Management ◽  
The Impact

Background: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is one of the more common malignant tumors that threaten human health worldwide. Multidisciplinary team management (MDTM) in HNC treatment has been introduced in the past several decades to improve patient survival rates. This study reviewed the impact of MDTM on survival rates in patients with HNC compared to conventional treatment methods.Methods: Only cohort studies were identified for this meta-analysis that included an exposure group that utilized MDTM and a control group. Heterogeneity and sensitivity also were assessed. Survival rate data for HNC patients were analyzed using RevMan 5.2 software.Results: Five cohort studies (n = 39,070) that examined survival rates among HNC patients were included. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using the random effect model. The results revealed that exposure groups treated using MDTM exhibited a higher survival rate [HR = 0.84, 95% CI (0.76–0.92), P = 0.0004] with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 68%, p = 0.01). For two studies that examined the effect of MDTM on the survival rate for patients specifically with stage IV HNC, MDTM did not produce any statistically significant improvement in survival rates [HR = 0.81, 95% CI (0.59–1.10), p = 0.18].Conclusions: The application of MDTM based on conventional surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy improved the overall survival rate of patients with HNC. Future research should examine the efficacy of MDTM in patients with cancer at different stages.

scholarly journals The Impact of Ethnicity on Wilms Tumor: Characteristics and Outcome of a South African Cohort

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Stones ◽  
G. P. Hadley ◽  
R. D. Wainwright ◽  
D. C. Stefan
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
South African ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Paediatric Oncology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mixed Ethnicity

Background. Nephroblastoma is the commonest renal tumour seen in children. It has a good prognosis in developed countries with survival rates estimated to be between 80% and 90%, while in Africa it remains low.Method. Retrospective study of patients diagnosed with nephroblastoma who are seen at 4 paediatric oncology units, representing 58.5% of all South African children with nephroblastoma and treated following SIOP protocol between January 2000 and December 2010.Results. A total of 416 patients were seen at the 4 units. Over 80% of our patients were African and almost 10% of mixed ethnicity. The most common stage was stage 4. The median survival was 28 months after diagnosis with the mixed ethnicity patients recording the longest duration (39 months) and the white patients had the shortest median survival. The overall 5-year survival rate was estimated to be 66%. Stage 2 patients did significantly better (85%).Conclusions. Our patients are similar with regard to gender ratio, median age, and age distribution as described in the literature, but in South Africa the more advanced stage disease seen than in other developed countries is translated into low overall survival rate.

scholarly journals Libration-induced Orbit Period Variations Following the DART Impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Alex J. Meyer ◽  
Ioannis Gkolias ◽  
Michalis Gaitanas ◽  
Harrison F. Agrusa ◽  
Daniel J. Scheeres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Momentum Transfer ◽  
Binary Asteroid ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Planetary Defense ◽  
Period Variations ◽  
Post Impact ◽  
Binary Asteroid System ◽  
Orbit Period ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission will be the first test of a kinetic impactor as a means of planetary defense. In late 2022, DART will collide with Dimorphos, the secondary in the Didymos binary asteroid system. The impact will cause a momentum transfer from the spacecraft to the binary asteroid, changing the orbit period of Dimorphos and forcing it to librate in its orbit. Owing to the coupled dynamics in binary asteroid systems, the orbit and libration state of Dimorphos are intertwined. Thus, as the secondary librates, it also experiences fluctuations in its orbit period. These variations in the orbit period are dependent on the magnitude of the impact perturbation, as well as the system’s state at impact and the moments of inertia of the secondary. In general, any binary asteroid system whose secondary is librating will have a nonconstant orbit period on account of the secondary’s fluctuating spin rate. The orbit period variations are typically driven by two modes: a long period and a short period, each with significant amplitudes on the order of tens of seconds to several minutes. The fluctuating orbit period offers both a challenge and an opportunity in the context of the DART mission. Orbit period oscillations will make determining the post-impact orbit period more difficult but can also provide information about the system’s libration state and the DART impact.

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