scholarly journals Public Perceptions of Child Pornography and Child Pornography Consumers

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad M. S. Steel ◽  
Emily Newman ◽  
Suzanne O’Rourke ◽  
Ethel Quayle
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
Child Pornography ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Sentencing Guidelines ◽  
Sex Offender Registration ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Survey ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Legislative Decision

AbstractUnderstanding the public’s perceptions of child pornography helps identify gaps in awareness and knowledge, impacts legislative decision making, quantifies stigmatization, and provides a baseline for identifying differences between lay and offender populations for clinical purposes. This research provides a comprehensive public survey assessing these issues. An Internet-based sample of 524 adults (mean age = 47 years, 51% female) within the USA were asked about their understanding and beliefs related to child pornography and individuals who view child pornography. The questions covered three topic areas—general perceptions of child pornography, endorsement of child pornography beliefs, and opinions related to the legality of various forms of child pornography as well as the decision making related to sentencing and sex offender registration for child pornography consumers. The research found that the public viewed these offenses as more severe than most other crimes and that there was an overestimation by the public of risks related to recidivism and contact offending. Additionally, the research found that there was support for most of the current sentencing guidelines in the USA, including sex offender registration, and that there was limited support for treatment over incarceration.

Public Perceptions of Journalists' Ethical Motivations

1997 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Voakes
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Organizational Policies ◽  
Telephone Surveys ◽  
The Public ◽  
Journalistic Ethics ◽  
Ethical Motivations

Telephone surveys of 376 residents and 60 daily journalists in the same Midwestern county revealed starkly different conceptions of journalistic ethics. Members of the public seemed to believe that journalists' ethics are guided primarily by their occupational norms and competitive pressures, whereas the journalists themselves cited organizational policies, the relevant law, and their own individual reasoning as the primary influences on their ethical decision making. Journalists and public respondents showed surprisingly high agreement, however, on the unacceptability of specific, ethically controversial actions.

scholarly journals Public perceptions of the use of gloves by healthcare workers and comparison with perceptions of student nurses

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennie Wilson ◽  
Aggie Bak ◽  
Andrea Whitfield ◽  
Andrew Dunnett ◽  
Heather Loveday
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Student Nurses ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Survey ◽  
Main Influence

Introduction: There is evidence that non-sterile clinical gloves (NSCG) are over-used by healthcare workers (HCWs) and are associated with cross-contamination. This study aimed to determine attitudes of student nurses and members of the public to the use of NSCG. Methods: Third-year student nurses completed a questionnaire indicating tasks for which they would wear NSCG and influences on their decision. Correlations between tasks were identified using exploratory factor analysis. An online survey of the public was conducted using snowball sampling method. Results: Sixty-seven students completed the questionnaire; they indicated use of NSCG for low-risk tasks and reported their own judgement as the main influence on their decision to wear them. Correlated tasks included ‘perceived to be risky’ or ‘definitive indication for gloves/no gloves’ and ‘related to personal hygiene’. A total of 142 respondents completed the public survey. They reported being uncomfortable with HCW wearing gloves for some personal tasks, e.g. assisting to toilet and dressing, but 94% preferred their use for washing ‘private parts’; 29% had observed inappropriate glove use by HCWs during recent contact with healthcare. Conclusion: Student nurses reported using NSCG routinely for tasks for which they are neither required nor recommended. The public observe inappropriate glove use and are uncomfortable with their use for some personal tasks.

How dominant coalition members’ values and perceptions impact their perceptions of public relations participation in organizational decision making

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Organizational Decision Making ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Public Relations Practitioners ◽  
The Public ◽  
For Profit ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Dominant Coalition

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the extent to which dominant coalition members’ values and perceptions influence their perceptions of public relations participation in organization-level decision making. Research in this area has largely focussed on the relationship between practitioner roles and decision-making inclusion. Design/methodology/approach – The population of interest was dominant coalition members of for-profit, government, and nonprofit organizations in the USA. Data were collected through a national survey to a nonrandom sample of 201 dominant coalition members. Findings – Results indicate that dominant coalition members’ values of organizational openness to the environment and perceived substantive autonomy of the organization positively predicted perceptions of public relations participation in organizational decision making. Perceived manager role potential of the public relations department also had significant predictive power. Originality/value – While research has focussed primarily on the characteristics that public relations practitioners can develop to earn a seat at the management table, little is known about the characteristics of dominant coalition members that influence whether or not a seat is made available or the degree to which public relations is perceived to participate in decision making.

The Blame Game

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-266
Author(s):  
Andrea D. Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Many ◽  
Many Sources ◽  
Broad Policy

Although in recent years it has become a bit easier to discuss mental health challenges in public, mental illness is still somehow viewed by many in the public as a moral failing. It is that underlying judgement, that unwillingness to look at the many sources that leads to profound misunderstandings by the public, particularly in the context of a criminal trial. In this article I examine these issues in that context in order to better identify, and come to a better understanding of where our shared biases get in the way of a reasoned view of such evidence. The article examines some broad policy questions regarding what we, as a society, do with our mentally ill, and then looks at public perceptions and their impact on criminal justice decision making.

scholarly journals Communication and Hazard Perception Lessons from Category Five Hurricane Michael

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 804
Author(s):  
Jason Senkbeil ◽  
Laura Myers ◽  
Susan Jasko ◽  
Jacob Reed ◽  
Rebecca Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Intensification ◽  
Hazard Perception ◽  
The Public ◽  
Hurricane Wind ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
Public Survey ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Inland Flooding ◽  
Landfall Location

Hurricane Michael made landfall on 10 October 2018 as only the third Saffir Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (SSHWS) category 5 storm in the USA in the named era. The storm’s intensity, rapid intensification, October landfall, high inland winds, and uncommon landfall location all combined to complicate the communication and preparation efforts of emergency managers (EMs) and broadcast meteorologists (BMs), while clouding the comprehension of the public. Interviews were conducted with EMs, BMs, and a small public sample to hear their stories and identify and understand common themes and experiences. This information and previous research was used to inform the creation of questions for a large sample public survey. Results showed that 61% of our sample did not evacuate, and approximately 80% either underestimated the intensity, misinterpreted or did not believe the forecast, or realized the danger too late to evacuate. Hazard perception from a survey of the public revealed that wind followed by tornadoes, and falling trees were the major concerns across the region. According to their counties of residence, participants were divided into Coastal or Inland, and Heavily Impacted or Less Impacted categories. Inland participants expressed a significantly higher concern for wind, tornadoes, falling trees, and rainfall/inland flooding than Coastal participants. Participants from Heavily Impacted counties showed greater concern for storm surge, tornadoes, and falling trees than participants from Less Impacted counties. These results reinforce the continued need for all parties of the weather enterprise to strengthen communication capabilities with EMs and the public for extreme events.

Effects of Sex Offender Registration Policies on Juvenile Justice Decision Making

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Letourneau ◽  
Dipankar Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Debajyoti Sinha ◽  
Kevin Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
Sex Offender Registration

How do political decision-making processes affect the acceptability of decisions? Results from a survey experiment

2021 ◽  
pp. 019251212199825
Author(s):  
Miho Nakatani
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
City Council ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
The Public ◽  
Council Decision ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Economic Growth Rates ◽  
Political Decision Making

This study aims to identify the types of city council decision-making processes that influence public perceptions of procedural fairness and the acceptability of decisions. Using an online experimental scenario survey conducted in Japan, this study found that, given the opportunity to participate in the decision-making process and when the decision is reached through a compromise among council members, people tend to feel that the process is fair and accept the decision even when it is unfavourable to them. This result is important for the governance of many advanced countries with low economic growth rates but great public demands. Additionally, this study highlights the process preferences of the public, which has received little attention compared with research on policy preferences.

Radical Right Populists Inside and Outside the European Parliament

2020 ◽  
pp. 161-196
Author(s):  
Duncan McDonnell ◽  
Annika Werner
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
Press Releases ◽  
Decision To Leave ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Events ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Legislative Decision

This chapter analyses whether radical right populist parties in the European Parliament groups worked together, and the extent to which they were engaged in the EP’s legislative decision-making process. It then looks at the public face of the groups outside parliament, by investigating through press releases whether (and how) the parties sought to use their alliances and fellow group members in national election campaigns. It also examines the patterns of public events staged by the groups and their connected “Europarties” to see whether they actively promoted their alliances. Finally, the chapter discusses changes in the groups’ composition over the course of the 2014-19 legislature, focusing on the Sweden Democrats’ July 2018 decision to leave the EFDD and join the ECR.

scholarly journals Vagaries, Anxieties and the Imagined Paedophile: A Victorian Case Study on Mandatory Sex Offender Registration for Young Adult Registrants Convicted after Non-Consensually Distributing Intimate Images

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-131
Author(s):  
Laura Vitis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
Child Pornography ◽  
Automatic Registration ◽  
Sex Offender Registration ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Career Opportunities

This article focuses on interviews with two Australian young adults (and their parents) who were placed on Victoria’s Sex Offender Register after being convicted of child pornography offences for non-consensually distributing intimate images. It examines Victoria’s modality of automatic registration—which simultaneously constitutes registrants as paedophilic and responsibilised subjects—and the extent to which this modality was negotiated by both young men. This article also explores the collateral socio-political consequences of registration on career opportunities, mental health and family relationships, and details how these impacts are modulated by young adulthood.

States’ SORNA Implementation Journeys

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-365
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Harris ◽  
Kimberly R. Kras ◽  
Christopher Lobanov-Rostovsky ◽  
Qurat Ann
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offender ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Organizational Dynamics ◽  
Federal Mandates ◽  
Sex Offender Registration ◽  
The Public ◽  
Perceived Need ◽  
State Responses

Public policies requiring individuals convicted of sex offenses to register with law enforcement authorities, and in some cases granting public access to certain registry information, have been adopted by dozens of nations and provincial governments across the globe. Within the United States, sex offender registration and notification (SORN) policies are primarily established at the state level, but have come under increasing federal purview since the 1990s. Arising from a perceived need for improved interjurisdictional consistency and coordination, the 2006 Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (SORNA) significantly broadened the scope and range of federal requirements for SORN systems operating within the states. Yet fourteen years following the law’s passage, a significant majority of states have yet to meet SORNA implementation thresholds, amidst an array of legal, political, fiscal, and practical challenges. Prior research has offered aggregate-level insights concerning the barriers to SORNA implementation, but has not captured the “back stories” of state policy experiences. Addressing this knowledge gap, the current study offers an in-depth examination of state experiences in aligning their policies with federal mandates. Drawing on data gathered from a diverse sample of ten states, the analysis reveals significant variation in the breadth and extent of required system changes and in the legal, political, and organizational dynamics surrounding state responses to federal oversight. Ultimately, the study offers insights and perspectives that can inform the continued refinement of federal and state policies, and improve the public safety effectiveness of the nation’s SORN systems.

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