Antagonistic effects of volatiles generated by Bacillus subtilis on spore germination and hyphal growth of the plant pathogen, Botrytis cinerea

The study on antagonistic mechanism of biocontrol strains gives the premise and basis for efficient and stable biological control. This study aimes to overcome of biocontrol agent in aspects of complicated and diversified mode of action, short-lasting and unstable efficacy in the production processes. This study elucidated the antagonistic mechanism of Bacillus cereus strain B-02 on Botrytis cinerea by detecting changes in morphology, ultrastructure and physiology in affected hyphae of Botrytis cinerea. Which provided certain theoretical and practical significance for biological control of gray mould caused by B. cinerea. B. cereus strain B-02 isolated from tomato rhizosphere mightily suppressed gray mold in tomato caused by B. cinerea. Spore germination and hyphal growth of B. cinerea were inhibited by B. cereus strain B-02. Changes of cell morphology such as distortion, shrinking and swelling were observed by SEM. TEM observation further indicated the ultrastructural alterations of hyphae, including mitochondrion reduction, un-membranous inclusion in cytoplasm, considerable thickening of cell walls, and electronic density enhancement. LSCM observation revealed the fluorescence intensity of nucleus DNA, mitochondrion DNA and reactive oxygen radical in treated hyphae were all stronger than control and the difference was significant (P < 0.01). These results indicated that the antagonistic effects of B. cereus strain B-02 on B. cinerea were likely due to a combination of abnormal synthesis of nucleus DNA and mitochondrion DNA and multifarious ultrastructural alterations in hyphal cell.

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Predicting the Structure and Dynamics of Membrane Protein GerAB from Bacillus subtilis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22073793 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 3793

Author(s):

Sophie Blinker ◽

Jocelyne Vreede ◽

Peter Setlow ◽

Stanley Brul

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Membrane Protein ◽

Spore Germination ◽

Structural Information ◽

Transmembrane Protein ◽

Homology Modelling ◽

Water Channel ◽

Md Simulations ◽

Integral Membrane Protein ◽

Starting Point

Bacillus subtilis forms dormant spores upon nutrient depletion. Germinant receptors (GRs) in spore’s inner membrane respond to ligands such as L-alanine, and trigger spore germination. In B. subtilis spores, GerA is the major GR, and has three subunits, GerAA, GerAB, and GerAC. L-Alanine activation of GerA requires all three subunits, but which binds L-alanine is unknown. To date, how GRs trigger germination is unknown, in particular due to lack of detailed structural information about B subunits. Using homology modelling with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we present structural predictions for the integral membrane protein GerAB. These predictions indicate that GerAB is an α-helical transmembrane protein containing a water channel. The MD simulations with free L-alanine show that alanine binds transiently to specific sites on GerAB. These results provide a starting point for unraveling the mechanism of L-alanine mediated signaling by GerAB, which may facilitate early events in spore germination.

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Properties of spores of Bacillus subtilis with or without a transposon that decreases spore germination and increases spore wet heat resistance

Journal of Applied Microbiology ◽

10.1111/jam.15163 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yannong Luo ◽

George Korza ◽

Angela M. DeMarco ◽

Oscar P. Kuipers ◽

Yong‐qing Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Heat Resistance ◽

Spore Germination ◽

Wet Heat

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Silencing of DND1 in potato and tomato impedes conidial germination, attachment and hyphal growth of Botrytis cinerea

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-017-1184-2 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kaile Sun ◽

Ageeth van Tuinen ◽

Jan A. L. van Kan ◽

Anne-Marie A. Wolters ◽

Evert Jacobsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Hyphal Growth ◽

Conidial Germination

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Role of SpoVA Proteins in Release of Dipicolinic Acid during Germination of Bacillus subtilis Spores Triggered by Dodecylamine or Lysozyme

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.01613-06 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 189 (5) ◽

pp. 1565-1572 ◽

Cited By ~ 82

Author(s):

Venkata Ramana Vepachedu ◽

Peter Setlow

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Small Molecules ◽

Spore Germination ◽

Dipicolinic Acid ◽

Temperature Sensitive ◽

Wild Type ◽

Ph Optimum ◽

Inner Membrane ◽

Temperature Sensitive Mutants

ABSTRACT The release of dipicolinic acid (DPA) during the germination of Bacillus subtilis spores by the cationic surfactant dodecylamine exhibited a pH optimum of ∼9 and a temperature optimum of 60°C. DPA release during dodecylamine germination of B. subtilis spores with fourfold-elevated levels of the SpoVA proteins that have been suggested to be involved in the release of DPA during nutrient germination was about fourfold faster than DPA release during dodecylamine germination of wild-type spores and was inhibited by HgCl2. Spores carrying temperature-sensitive mutants in the spoVA operon were also temperature sensitive in DPA release during dodecylamine germination as well as in lysozyme germination of decoated spores. In addition to DPA, dodecylamine triggered the release of amounts of Ca2+ almost equivalent to those of DPA, and at least one other abundant spore small molecule, glutamic acid, was released in parallel with Ca2+ and DPA. These data indicate that (i) dodecylamine triggers spore germination by opening a channel in the inner membrane for Ca2+-DPA and other small molecules, (ii) this channel is composed at least in part of proteins, and (iii) SpoVA proteins are involved in the release of Ca2+-DPA and other small molecules during spore germination, perhaps by being a part of a channel in the spore's inner membrane.

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