scholarly journals No experimental evidence for vector-free, long-range, upstream dispersal of adult Asian clams [Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774)]

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bálint Pernecker ◽  
Attila Czirok ◽  
Péter Mauchart ◽  
Pál Boda ◽  
Arnold Móra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corbicula Fluminea ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Upstream Direction ◽  
Human Transport ◽  
Density Dependent Dispersal

AbstractThe Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea) is one of the rapidly spreading, very successful aquatic invasive species, which has become established widely in many parts of the world. Its spread is assumed to be by both passive and active dispersal. However, the importance of active pedal movement in dispersal is hardly known. Since there was no direct evidence of this phenomenon, field observations were combined with laboratory experiments to find out if the clams move upstream actively, and how this is affected by the quality of the substrate, the density of the clams, and the water velocity. Field observations were conducted at a small watercourse with no waterborne transport. Experiments were done in an indoor artificial stream system, where the distances moved by adult clams were measured via digital image analysis. Substrate grain size, starting density of clams, and water velocity significantly affected clam movement. Fine grain sediment and slow flow velocity both facilitated spread, while there was no clear pattern of density-dependent dispersal. Also, we found no clear preference for either upstream or downstream movement. The maximum distance moved in the lab experiments predicts no more than 0.15 km/y active pedal movement in an upstream direction, while our field observations detected a much faster (0.5–11 km/y) upstream movement, which might be explained by passive dispersal, such as via human transport and ecto- or endozoochory. Overall, it seems that active movement of the species cannot read to long-distance migration.

On Methodology for Designing Architectural Lighting of Production Site Interior

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Voronov ◽  
Nikolay I. Shchepetkov
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Scientific Methodology ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Production Site ◽  
Artificial Illumination ◽  
Engineering Parameters ◽  
Architectural Lighting ◽  
Candidate Thesis

The article describes content of original and relevant but virtually forgotten thesis of V.V. Voronov on lighting of production site interiors by means of overhead natural (using three types of skylights) and artificial illumination, in order to elaborate scientific methodology for architectural design of more qualitative luminous environment on the basis of comprehensive approach and enhanced criteria framework of its evaluation using light engineering parameters. The thesis is unique in terms of the scope and quality of field and laboratory observations which are reflected not only in the text but also in the graphical attachments, namely photos, figures, schemes, drawings, charts, nomograms, and diagrams accompanied by specific measured or calculated parameters. The first part of the thesis contains theoretical basics and results of field observations conducted by different methods. This second part is the exposition of chapter 3 of the V.V. Voronov’s candidate thesis (1985). It describes the methodology for and the results of the experiments by means of planar and volumetric light simulation using the architectural lighting simulating assembly (chamber) which were conducted in MARKHI in 1970–1985.

scholarly journals Short communication: Microbial quality of raw milk following commercial long-distance hauling

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 8572-8576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily M. Darchuk ◽  
Lisbeth Meunier-Goddik ◽  
Joy Waite-Cusic
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Long Distance

Basic communication sciences

1969 ◽  
Vol 308 (1493) ◽  
pp. 183-198
Keyword(s):  
Long Distance ◽  
Earth Station ◽  
Early Communication ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Radiated Power ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Distance Communication ◽  
Quality Of Transmission ◽  
Communication Equipment

The feasibility and utility of long-distance communication via Earth-orbiting satellites has been demonstrated during recent years and it is appropriate therefore to focus attention on the more important scientific studies and technical developments that will be needed if full use is to be made of this valuable mode of communication in the future. The early communication satellites (the Telstar and Relay series) were pioneers in a relatively unknown propagation environment. The satellites themselves were conceptually simple and the communication equipment consisted essentially of a frequency-changing transponder with an r. f. power output of a few watts and a bandwidth some tens of megahertz. Carrier frequencies in the range 2 to 6 GHz were employed; typically either 2 or 6 GHz was used for transmission and 4 GHz for reception at the Earth station. To obtain an adequate signal/noise ratio at the output of the Earth station receiver, frequency modulation was employed, the frequency deviations being greater than those used on terrestrial microwave links. Launcher limitations and other factors meant that the satellites had to be placed in inclined elliptical orbits (see figure 1) with maximum heights of only a few thousand miles. Nevertheless, these satellites demonstrated that some hundreds of frequency-division multiplex telephony circuits, or a television channel, could be achieved with generally satisfactory quality of transmission. It is to be noted, however, that the satellite transponders accommodated only one, or at the most two, r. f. carriers at any time, and that the transmission performance was at times marginal due to limitations of the satellite effective radiated power. Furthermore, these relatively low orbit satellites provided communication in periods of generally less than an hour at a time and required continuous tracking by the Earth station aerials, due to movement of the satellites relative to the Earth.

scholarly journals Word-Order Issues in English-to-Urdu Statistical Machine Translation

2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bushra Jawaid ◽  
Daniel Zeman
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Statistical Machine Translation ◽  
Parse Tree ◽  
Hard Problem ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
English Sentence ◽  
European Languages

Word-Order Issues in English-to-Urdu Statistical Machine Translation We investigate phrase-based statistical machine translation between English and Urdu, two Indo-European languages that differ significantly in their word-order preferences. Reordering of words and phrases is thus a necessary part of the translation process. While local reordering is modeled nicely by phrase-based systems, long-distance reordering is known to be a hard problem. We perform experiments using the Moses SMT system and discuss reordering models available in Moses. We then present our novel, Urdu-aware, yet generalizable approach based on reordering phrases in syntactic parse tree of the source English sentence. Our technique significantly improves quality of English-Urdu translation with Moses, both in terms of BLEU score and of subjective human judgments.

scholarly journals Active packaging using Scenedesmus sp. and agar delays maturity and maintains post-harvest quality of 'Paluma' guavas

2021 ◽  
pp. 703-707
Author(s):  
Ágda Malany Forte de Oliveira ◽  
Railene Hérica Carlos Rocha de Araújo ◽  
Kalinny Araújo Alves ◽  
Francisco de Assis de Sousa ◽  
Albert Einstein Mathias Medeiros Teodosio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Color Retention ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Peel Color

The use of new technologies is important for the preservation of guava, especially in reaching long-distance markets, being indispensable to associate storage techniques to increase the durability of fresh fruit. We evaluated the efficiency of edible coatings based on agar and Scenedemus sp. on the quality and post-harvest conservation of 'Paluma' guava. The experiment consisted of a randomized design with four replicates. The treatments (T) were composed of mixing concentrations between agar and Scenedesmus sp.: A: (0% + 0%); B: (0% + 0.5%); C: (0% + 1%); D: (0% + 2%); E: (3% + 0%); F: (3% + 0.5%); G: (4% + 0%) and H: (4% + 0.5%) applied by immersion. At the end of 11 days of storage at 10 °C ± 2ºC and 65% ± 5% RH, the fruit was analyzed. There was a significant effect (P < 0.05) of the coating based on Scenedesmus sp. on the brightness (L*) of the peel and pulp of guava, hue (°h) and chromaticity (C*) of the peel, loss of fresh mass, firmness of the pulp, ascorbic acid, titratable acidity, pH, SS/AT ratio, and total sugars. We observed a lower maturation and maintenance of the post-harvest quality of 'Paluma' guava with the active packages corresponding to treatments F and H. This included the maintenance of the indexes L*, C* and h of peel color, retention in the loss of fresh mass, in the firmness and maintenance of organic acids

scholarly journals Study of Socio-Economic Condition and Constraints faced by the Rice Growing Farmers in Adoption of Organic and Bio-Fertilizer in Bilaspur District of Chhattisgarh

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Ayush Emmanuel Lal ◽  
Dr. Syed H. Mazhar ◽  
Jahanara Jahanara
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

The present study was conducted in Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh to find out socio-economic condition and constraints faced by rice growing farmers in adoption of organic and bio-fertilizer. A total of 120 respondents were selected randomly for the present study. The data was collected through a pre-structured interview schedule and later appropriate statistical analysis was done to find out meaningful results. The result showed that there were eight main constraints perceived by the farmers which were complicated method of application, long process of organic fertilizer preparation, lack of knowledge about type and recommended doses, supply agency at long distance, lack of guidance from extension personal, organic and Bio-fertilizer are costly, lack of conviction about the merits of the practice and mishandling and poor quality of bio-fertilizer out of which mishandling and poor quality of bio-fertilizer with weighted mean score of 2.47 ranked I and Long process of organic fertilizer preparation with weighted mean score of 2.16 ranked II.

The Effect of Grain Refiners for Aluminium Alloy Containing Mn-Ti-Sr Dispersoid

2006 ◽  
Vol 519-521 ◽  
pp. 449-454
Author(s):  
V.T. Vacariu ◽  
Aurelian Buzaianu ◽  
Eugeniu Vasile ◽  
R. Trusca ◽  
Petru Moldovan
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Lightweight Design ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Sr Modification ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Homogenization Time ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
Metallic Compounds

The new structural applications of aluminum materials are determined by intelligent lightweight design: the demand of safety, ecology, recycling and by economics. Al-Si alloys allow complex shapes to be cast. Metallurgical a high volume fraction of fine dispersoid which are less about 0.1 microns in size are useful for retaining a fine grain. In the 6061 series of alloys, iron combines with aluminium and silicon to form two types of commune inter-metallic, (beta AlFeSi and alpha AlFeSi).The type of inter-metallic that is present these alloys will have an important bearing on the homogenization time, workability and quality of the surface finish. The microstructure of the as-cast samples was evaluated by electronic microscopy and the morphology of inter-metallic compounds related to the efficiently modification. Mn-Ti-Sr modification of Al-alloys is normally accompanied by an increase in porosity in the casting.

scholarly journals Catharsis – Philosophical and Spiritual Aspects of Long-Distance Running

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
Marcel Nemec
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Distance Running ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Running

Summary The purpose of the study was to identify and analyze the occurrence of cathartic states in a sample of long-distance runners. Data collected via questionnaires were used to evaluate quantitative variables complemented by heuristics while aiming at qualitatively categorize the areas of cathartic states in the context of philosophical and spiritual aspects of long-distance running. The study findings objectify philosophical and spiritual aspects affecting personalities of long-distance runners. The study findings have shown that catharsis represents a relevant philosophical and spiritual aspect affecting long-distance running. We assume that authentic experience of catharsis and its effects motivates runners to perform regular physical activity. The analysis of philosophical and spiritual aspects of long-distance running has revealed a multi-spectral holistic relevance based on the transfer affecting a specific way of life, spectrum of values, ethical personality traits, and also the quality of long-distance runners’ lives.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document