Eldre jernalders tjæreproduksjon ut av tåken. Om tidlig norsk tjæreproduksjon med utgangspunkt i et funn på Averøy i Møre og Romsdal

For many years it has been well known that tar was an available commodity in the Norwegian Iron Age, but until recently no production site or installation for such production was known. In this paper two recently discovered tar production sites, in south-eastern and mid-Norway respectively, are presented and discussed. Both are clay-lined funnel-shaped pits that are dug into the ground with an upper part where the wood was stacked and lit, and a lower part where the tar was collected in a container. The Norwegian tar production pits are similar to contemporary Swedish ones found in large numbers in mid-Sweden. The type is also known from the eastern part of Central Europe where they came into use a few centuries later than in Scandinavia.

The Environmental Impact of Organizations: A Pilot Test from the Packaging Industry Based on Organizational Life Cycle Assessment

This article presents and discusses a pilot test concerning the environmental impacts assessment of organizations. The study was conducted in a production site of a world leading group in the plastic packaging industry. The purpose was to deepen the knowledge of the methodologies currently available and also of the benefits and the difficulties related to their practical implementation. The analysis was conducted in the period 2018–2019, in line with ISO 14044 and ISO/TS 14072 standards and therefore inspired by the organizational life cycle assessment (O-LCA) procedures and standards. The O-LCA test application has proved useful in detecting a number of environmental hotspots usually not detected by other life cycle based approaches, on which the organization should focus to undertake improvement actions, both internal and external (e.g., the category “employees commuting”). The experience gained in the production site under study also led to the replication of the assessment approach to other facilities around the world and for informing corporate sustainability reporting activities (e.g., Global Reporting Initiative and Carbon Disclosure Project reporting standards). Such results can provide methodological and practical insights to both scholars and practitioners in that field of activities.

LA PRATIQUE DES MARAICHERS AUX ALENTOURS DE LETABLISSEMENT IVOIRE GOLF CLUB DANS LE QUARTIER DE LA RIVIERA DANS LA COMMUNE DE COCODY A ABIDJAN (COTE DIVOIRE)

The objective of the presentresearchistwofold: on the one hand, itaims to identify the actors of thisurban agricultural activity and, on the other hand, to analyse the strategiesadopted in the production practice of the marketgardener. To achievethis objective, the studyprotocolfocused on a qualitative methodbased on documentaryresearch, field observation and interviews. On the experimental site located at the Riviera Golf in the commune of Cocody, 10 marketgardenerswereinterviewed, namely 9 men and 1 woman. Theiragesrangedfrom 30 to 65 years. This activityispractised on small areas rangingfrom 1 to 5 ha withmethods and techniques based on the association of crops, crop rotation, watering and soilamendmentusingpurelyorganic inputs. The harvestedproducts are bought by a clienteleconsisting of individuals, restaurants and retailerslocated in the vicinity of the production site.

Digital Technologies for Analysis of Restoration of Serial Numbers

In daily activities, serial numbers represent one way to range finished products of different types of production fields and also tracking those objects during their lifetime – ever since their exit of the production site until their recycling. In this paper are presented several types of imprinting techniques as well as a case study for restoration of a modified serial number.

SOCIOECONOMIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF WORK ENVIRONMENT AT PRODUCTION SITE

Problem statement. The analysis of accident causes, which can take place both at the production site and within living environment, connected with social, economic and psychological working conditions is carried out in the article. Violation of these conditions can be a reason of equally hard both physical and psychological traumas at work areas in any manufacturing sector. Working conditions, which form during work and during the contact with colleagues at work places are envisaged. Factors, effecting on human activity during work were analyzed. Psychological and physiological limits of working environment are envisaged. The evaluation of the work bench is realized with allowances made for the influence of all factors of manufacturing environment and working process and on the grounds of complex evaluation of working place it is indicated, that one or another work place is relating to specific types of working environment. Main factors of working environment, influencing of human performance capability during working process are described. Psychological and social aspects of the increase of occupational safety level are presented. Recommendations concerning organization of safe behavior of workers during labor are provided. Work place is evaluated taking into consideration the influence of all manufacturing factors and working environment on workers, on the grounds of which one or another work place is related to corresponding type of working conditions. It is shown that to the deduction of the effect of psycho-physiologic safety concerns during working process it is necessary to take into account individual qualities of the worker, such as errors, and also unfavorable accidents, arising from the encounter of human’s qualities with specific aspects of specific professional activity. With the purpose of the improvement of safety and health protection of workers during labor it is necessary to realize professional psycho-physiological selection for wide range of professions. Object. Determine connection between psychological, social and economic aspects and probability of professional injuries or professional disease at work places in manufacturing environment. Conclusion. The analysis of psychological, social and economic bases of occupational safety and the influence on injury rate is carried out.

Simulation modeling in the design of the operation of technological complexes

Production areas of technological complexes are complex systems consisting of a large number of equipment with a different organizational structure. One of the most important and complex stages of designing such sites is the technological preparation of production, during which it is necessary to meet the following requirements: to ensure the required performance parameters in the manufacture of a given range of manufactured products; to minimize the irrational use of space. When developing the technological process of pre-production, it is necessary to rationally select the equipment and its position in a given room; to select and design the necessary technological equipment; to develop labor standards, materials, fuel and energy to ensure the required productivity. To determine the best option for the layout of the production site at the project stage, it is proposed to create a model of the production process at the proposed site using simulation design programs. Determining and selecting the required parameters (for example, the load factor of the equipment, the time of arrival of the workpieces at the production site, the time of the greatest loading of the loader, etc.) will reduce the time to choose the optimal layout of the technological complex.

Lány – ein Produktionsort gegossenener Bronzen der Spätawarenzeit in der awarisch-slawischen Kontaktzone des unteren Thayatals

Interdisciplinary research, carried out by the Masaryk University Brno and the University of Vienna, at the site of Lány (CZ) at the border between Austria and Moravia has revealed a large settlement (∼12ha) from the 6th century until the 8th/9th century in a contact zone between Slavonic and Avarian influences. Aside from pottery that ranges from early slavic finds of the Prague type to specimens of the middle-danubian tradition („mitteldanubische Kulturtradition“) and other finds such as spindle whorls etc. several dozen typical Avar belt accessories have been found. Most of them date to the late Avar III period, are brand new and do not show any traces of usage. Together with semi-finished products, miscast objects and remains of the bronze casting process, we interpret Lány as a production site/workshop for Avar belts.Lány is at the very Northwestern periphery of the Avar Khaganate. However, material culture, aside from the belt accessories, is much more associated with what we know from regions where Slavonic populations of the 7th/8th century had settled.We furthermore discuss the usage of Avar belts amongst the Slavic elites of the 8th century and possible explanations for the dense distribution of Avar finds outside of the Khaganate.