Context dependence in community composition of functional traits mediates freshwater fish invasion success in the Laurentian Great Lakes over time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara E. Campbell ◽  
Nicholas E. Mandrak
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Context Dependence ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Laurentian Great Lakes ◽  
Over Time

Restoration for Resistance to Invasion by Giant Reed (Arundo donax)

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren D. Quinn ◽  
Jodie S. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Giant Reed ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Community Resistance ◽  
Natural Recruitment ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe relationship between plant community composition and invasibility has been studied extensively but seldom in the context of ecosystem restoration. Experimental riparian restoration plots differing in species composition and density were established and evaluated for susceptibility to invasion by giant reed, a common riparian invader in California, and natural recruitment by riparian species over time. Plots were planted in 2002 with cuttings of common threesquare (a sedge), seepwillow (a shrub), and Goodding's willow (a tree) at two densities in monoculture and all possible mixture combinations. Giant reed rhizomes were introduced into half of the plots in the spring of 2003, while the remaining plots were allowed to undergo natural recruitment for an additional year. In late winter 2004, giant reed rhizomes were planted in the remaining plots. Both planting groups were followed for one growing season to evaluate giant reed establishment, survival, and growth. Community composition affected giant reed performance, particularly in 2003 before natural recruitment occurred. In that year, plots containing seepwillow + willow had the lowest giant reed shoot production, growth, and survival. All plots containing seepwillow were resistant to colonization by natural recruitment in 2004, but none of the planting treatments affected giant reed success in that year. Giant reed was more successful overall in 2004 despite deeper shade and drier soils. This pattern could be attributed to larger initial rhizome size in 2004, which allowed giant reed to overcome environmental stress during establishment. Planting density did not impact giant reed or natural recruitment independently, but may affect environmental parameters and warrants further study as a potential contributor to restoration success. Our results indicate that choice of species composition in restoration might impact giant reed invasion success initially, but community resistance might not be sustainable and maintenance-free over time.

scholarly journals Can plant functional traits explain shifts in community composition in a changing Arctic?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katlyn Rose Betway ◽  
Robert D. Hollister ◽  
Jeremy May ◽  
Jacob A. Harris ◽  
William Gould ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
And Function ◽  
Northern Alaska ◽  
Over Time

The Arctic is warming more than twice the global average. Graminoids, deciduous shrubs, and evergreen shrubs have been shown to increase in cover in some regions, but not others. To better understand why plant response varies across regions, we compared change in cover over time with nine functional traits of twelve dominant species at three regions in northern Alaska (Utqiaġvik, Atqasuk, and Toolik Lake). Cover was measured three times from 2008 to 2018. Repeated measures ANOVA found one species showed a significant change in cover over time; Carex aquatilis increased at Atqasuk by 12.7%. Canonical correspondence analysis suggested a relationship between shifts in species cover and traits, but Pearson and Spearman correlations did not find a significant trend for any trait when analyzed individually. Investigation of community-weighted means (CWM) for each trait revealed no significant changes over time for any trait at any region. Whereas, estimated ecosystem values for several traits important to ecosystem functioning showed consistent increases over time at two regions (Utqiaġvik and Atqasuk). Results thus indicate that vascular plant community composition and function have remained consistent over time; however, documented increases in total plant cover have important implications for ecosystem functioning.

Contaminant Trends in Freshwater Fish from the Laurentian Great Lakes: A 20-Year Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Dellinger ◽  
Michael D. Moths ◽  
Matthew J. Dellinger ◽  
Michael P. Ripley
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Laurentian Great Lakes

Airborne Hyperspectral Imaging of Laurentian Great Lakes: Operational Challenges

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Lekki ◽  
R. Anderson ◽  
Q.-V. Nguyen ◽  
J. Demers ◽  
J. Flatico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Laurentian Great Lakes

INTERPRETING PALEOHYDROGRAPHIC DATA RECONSTRUCTED FROM STRANDPLAINS OF BEACH RIDGES IN THE LAURENTIAN GREAT LAKES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Johnston ◽  
◽  
Erin P. Argyilan ◽  
Steve J. Baedke ◽  
Sean Morrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Laurentian Great Lakes ◽  
Beach Ridges

Potential Effects of Bigheaded Carps on Four Laurentian Great Lakes Food Webs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward S. Rutherford ◽  
Hongyan Zhang ◽  
Yu‐Chun Kao ◽  
Doran M. Mason ◽  
Ali Shakoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Laurentian Great Lakes

Long-term primary production trends in the Laurentian Great Lakes: a comparison of geochemical methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euan D. Reavie ◽  
Meijun Cai ◽  
Carsten Meyer-Jacob ◽  
John P. Smol ◽  
Josef P. Werne
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Laurentian Great Lakes

scholarly journals On the role of local depth and latitude on surface warming heterogeneity in the Laurentian Great Lakes

Inland Waters ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Elisa Calamita ◽  
Sebastiano Piccolroaz ◽  
Bruno Majone ◽  
Marco Toffolon
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Laurentian Great Lakes ◽  
Surface Warming ◽  
Local Depth

scholarly journals Longitudinal assessment of the bovine ocular bacterial community dynamics in calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison C. Bartenslager ◽  
Nirosh D. Althuge ◽  
John Dustin Loy ◽  
Matthew M. Hille ◽  
Matthew L. Spangler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Experimental Population ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), commonly known as pinkeye, is one of the most significant diseases of beef cattle. As such, IBK costs the US beef industry at least 150 million annually. However, strategies to prevent IBK are limited, with most cases resulting in treatment with antibiotics once the disease has developed. Longitudinal studies evaluating establishment of the ocular microbiota may identify critical risk periods for IBK outbreaks or changes in the microbiota that may predispose animals to IBK. Results In an attempt to characterize the establishment and colonization patterns of the bovine ocular microbiota, we conducted a longitudinal study consisting of 227 calves and evaluated the microbiota composition over time using amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) based on 16S rRNA sequencing data and culture-based approaches. Beef calves on trial consisted of both male (intact) and females. Breeds were composed of purebred Angus and composites with varying percentages of Simmental, Angus, and Red Angus breeds. Average age at the start of the trial was 65 days ±15.02 and all calves remained nursing on their dam until weaning (day 139 of the study). The trial consisted of 139 days with four sampling time points on day 0, 21, 41, and 139. The experimental population received three different vaccination treatments (autogenous, commercial (both inactivated bacteria), and adjuvant placebo), to assess the effectiveness of different vaccines for IBK prevention. A significant change in bacterial community composition was observed across time periods sampled compared to the baseline (p < 0.001). However, no treatment effect of vaccine was detected within the ocular bacterial community. The bacterial community composition with the greatest time span between sampling time periods (98d span) was most similar to the baseline sample collected, suggesting re-establishment of the ocular microbiota to baseline levels over time after perturbation. The effect of IgA levels on the microbial community was investigated in a subset of cattle within the study. However, no significant effect of IgA was observed. Significant changes in the ocular microbiota were identified when comparing communities pre- and post-clinical signs of IBK. Additionally, dynamic changes in opportunistic pathogens Moraxella spp. were observed and confirmed using culture based methods. Conclusions Our results indicate that the bovine ocular microbiota is well represented by opportunistic pathogens such as Moraxella and Mycoplasma. Furthermore, this study characterizes the diversity of the ocular microbiota in calves and demonstrates the plasticity of the ocular microbiota to change. Additionally, we demonstrate the ocular microbiome in calves is similar between the eyes and the perturbation of one eye results in similar changes in the other eye. We also demonstrate the bovine ocular microbiota is slow to recover post perturbation and as a result provide opportunistic pathogens a chance to establish within the eye leading to IBK and other diseases. Characterizing the dynamic nature of the ocular microbiota provides novel opportunities to develop potential probiotic intervention to reduce IBK outbreaks in cattle.

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