scholarly journals Nitrogen transport in a tundra landscape: the effects of early and late growing season lateral N inputs on arctic soil and plant N pools and N2O fluxes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura H. Rasmussen ◽  
Wenxin Zhang ◽  
Per Ambus ◽  
Anders Michelsen ◽  
Per-Erik Jansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Nitrogen Transport ◽  
Arctic Soil ◽  
N2o Fluxes

scholarly journals Different responses of CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes to seasonally asymmetric warming in an alpine grassland of Tianshan Mountains

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanming Gong ◽  
Ping Yue ◽  
Kaihui Li ◽  
Anwar Mohammat ◽  
Yanyan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Tianshan Mountains ◽  
Alpine Grassland ◽  
Ch4 Flux ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Flux ◽  
N2o Fluxes ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

Abstract. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of seasonally asymmetric warming on CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes in alpine grassland of Tianshan Mountains of Central Asia, from October 2016 to September 2019. Our results indicated that the CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes varied in the range 0.56–98.03 mg C m−2 h−1, −94.30–0.23 μg C m−2 h−1, and −1.28–10.09 μg N m−2 h−1, respectively. The CO2 and N2O fluxes were negatively correlated with soil temperature, but the CH4 fluxes decreased with the increase in temperature. Furthermore, the variation in greenhouse gas flux under seasonally asymmetric warming was different between the growing season (June to September) and the non-growing season (October to May). In addition, the response rates of CO2 and N2O fluxes to temperature increases was significantly reduced due to warming throughout the year. Warming during the growing season led to a significant decrease in the response rate of CO2 flux to temperature increases. However, warming during the non-growing season caused a significant increase in the response rate of CO2 flux to temperature increases. The response rate of CH4 flux was insensitive to temperature increase under seasonally asymmetric warming. Thus, the main finding of our results was that seasonally asymmetric warming resulted in different responses in the fluxes of individual greenhouse gases to rising temperatures in the alpine grassland.

scholarly journals Carbon Sequestration and Contribution of CO2, CH4 and N2O Fluxes to Global Warming Potential from Paddy-Fallow Fields on Mineral Soil Beneath Peat in Central Hokkaido, Japan

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib Mohammad Naser ◽  
Osamu Nagata ◽  
Sarmin Sultana ◽  
Ryusuke Hatano
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
N2o Fluxes ◽  
Ch4 And N2o ◽  
Winter Fallow

Since each greenhouse gas (GHG) has its own radiative capacity, all three gasses (CO2, CH4 and N2O) must be accounted for by calculating the net global warming potential (GWP) in a crop production system. To compare the impact of GHG fluxes from the rice growing and the fallow season on the annual gas fluxes, and their contribution to the GWP and carbon sequestration (CS) were evaluated. From May to April in Bibai (43°18′ N, 141°44′ E), in central Hokkaido, Japan, three rice paddy fields under actual management conditions were investigated to determine CS and the contribution of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes to GWP. Methane and N2O fluxes were measured by placing the chamber over the rice plants covering four hills and CO2 fluxes from rice plants root free space in paddy fields were taken as an indicator of soil microbial respiration (Rm) using the closed chamber method. Soil CS was calculated as the difference between net primary production (NPP) and loss of carbon (C) through Rm, emission of CH4 and harvest of crop C. Annual cumulative Rm ranged from 422 to 519 g C m−2 yr−1; which accounted for 54.7 to 55.5% of the rice growing season in particular. Annual cumulative CH4 emissions ranged from 75.5 to 116 g C m−2 yr−1 and this contribution occurred entirely during the rice growing period. Total cumulative N2O emissions ranged from 0.091 to 0.154 g N m−2 yr−1 and from 73.5 to 81.3% of the total N2O emissions recorded during the winter-fallow season. The CS ranged from −305 to −365 g C m−2 yr−1, suggesting that C input by NPP may not be compensate for the loss of soil C. The loss of C in the winter-fallow season was much higher (62 to 66%) than in the growing season. The annual net GWP from the investigated paddy fields ranged from 3823 to 5016 g CO2 equivalent m−2 yr−1. Annual GWPCH4 accounted for 71.9 to 86.1% of the annual net GWP predominantly from the rice growing period. These results indicate that CH4 dominated the net GWP of the rice paddy.

scholarly journals Comparison of Soil Greenhouse Gas Fluxes during the Spring Freeze–Thaw Period and the Growing Season in a Temperate Broadleaved Korean Pine Forest, Changbai Mountains, China

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1135
Author(s):  
Chuying Guo ◽  
Leiming Zhang ◽  
Shenggong Li ◽  
Qingkang Li ◽  
Guanhua Dai
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Korean Pine ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
N2o Fluxes ◽  
Ch4 And N2o ◽  
Ghg Fluxes

Soils in mid-high latitudes are under the great impact of freeze–thaw cycling. However, insufficient research on soil CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes during the spring freeze–thaw (SFT) period has led to great uncertainties in estimating soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes. The present study was conducted in a temperate broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest in Northeastern China, where soils experience an apparent freeze–thaw effect in spring. The temporal variations and impact factors of soil GHG fluxes were measured during the SFT period and growing season (GS) using the static-chamber method. The results show that the soil acted as a source of atmospheric CO2 and N2O and a sink of atmospheric CH4 during the whole observation period. Soil CO2 emission and CH4 uptake were lower during the SFT period than those during the GS, whereas N2O emissions were more than six times higher during the SFT period than that during the GS. The responses of soil GHG fluxes to soil temperature (Ts) and soil moisture during the SFT and GS periods differed. During the SFT period, soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes were mainly affected by the volumetric water content (VWC) and Ts, respectively, whereas soil N2O flux was influenced jointly by Ts and VWC. The dominant controlling factor for CO2 was Ts during the GS, whereas CH4 and N2O were mainly regulated by VWC. Soil CO2 and N2O fluxes accounted for 97.3% and 3.1% of the total 100-year global warming potential (GWP100) respectively, with CH4 flux offsetting 0.4% of the total GWP100. The results highlight the importance of environmental variations to soil N2O pulse during the SFT period and the difference of soil GHG fluxes between the SFT and GS periods, which contribute to predicting the forest soil GHG fluxes and their global warming potential under global climate change.

Effects of water table changes on soil CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes during the growing season in freshwater marsh of Northeast China

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1963-1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuicui Hou ◽  
Changchun Song ◽  
Yingchen Li ◽  
Jiaoyue Wang ◽  
Yanyu Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Freshwater Marsh ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
N2o Fluxes ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

scholarly journals Flooding-related increases in CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from a temperate coastal grassland ecosystem

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanuel W. Gebremichael ◽  
Bruce Osborne ◽  
Patrick Orr
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Grassland Ecosystem ◽  
Standing Water ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
N2o Fluxes ◽  
Q10 Values

Abstract. Given their increasing trend in Europe, an understanding of the role that flooding events play in carbon and nitrogen cycling and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions will be important for improved assessments of local and regional GHG budgets. This study presents the results of an analysis of the CO2 and N2O fluxes from a coastal grassland ecosystem affected by episodic flooding that was of either a relatively short or long duration (SFS and LFS sites, respectively). Compared to the SFS, the annual CO2 and N2O emissions were 1.4 and 1.3 times higher at the LFS, respectively. Mean CO2 emissions during the period of standing water were 144 ± 18.18 and 111 ± 9.51 mg CO2-C m−2 h−1, respectively, for the LFS and SFS sites. During the growing season, when there was no standing water, the CO2 emissions were significantly larger from the LFS (244 ± 24.88 mg CO2-C m−2 h−1) than the SFS (183 ± 14.90 mg CO2-C m−2 h−1). Fluxes of N2O ranged from −0.37 to 0.65 mg N2O-N m−2 h−1 at the LFS and from −0.50 to 0.55 mg N2O-N m−2 h−1 at the SFS, with the larger emissions associated with the presence of standing water at the LFS and during the growing season at the SFS. Overall, soil temperature and moisture content were identified as the main drivers of the seasonal changes in CO2 fluxes, but neither adequately explained the variations in N2O fluxes. Analysis of total Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), microbial biomass and Q10 values, indicated that the higher CO2 emissions from the LFS were linked to the flooding-associated influx of nutrients and alterations in soil microbial populations. These results demonstrate that annual CO2 and N2O emissions can be higher in longer-term flooded sites that receive significant amounts of nutrients and where diffusional limitations due to the presence of standing water is limited to periods of the year when the temperatures are lowest.

scholarly journals Flooding-related increases in CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from a temperate coastal grassland ecosystem

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2611-2626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanuel W. Gebremichael ◽  
Bruce Osborne ◽  
Patrick Orr
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Grassland Ecosystem ◽  
Standing Water ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
N2o Fluxes ◽  
Q10 Values

Abstract. Given their increasing trend in Europe, an understanding of the role that flooding events play in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions will be important for improved assessments of local and regional GHG budgets. This study presents the results of an analysis of the CO2 and N2O fluxes from a coastal grassland ecosystem affected by episodic flooding that was of either a relatively short (SFS) or long (LFS) duration. Compared to the SFS, the annual CO2 and N2O emissions were 1.4 and 1.3 times higher at the LFS, respectively. Mean CO2 emissions during the period of standing water were 144 ± 18.18 and 111 ± 9.51 mg CO2–C m−2 h−1, respectively, for the LFS and SFS sites. During the growing season, when there was no standing water, the CO2 emissions were significantly larger from the LFS (244 ± 24.88 mg CO2–C m−2 h−1) than the SFS (183 ± 14.90 mg CO2–C m−2 h−1). Fluxes of N2O ranged from −0.37 to 0.65 mg N2O–N m−2 h−1 at the LFS and from −0.50 to 0.55 mg N2O–N m−2 h−1 at the SFS, with the larger emissions associated with the presence of standing water at the LFS but during the growing season at the SFS. Overall, soil temperature and moisture were identified as the main drivers of the seasonal changes in CO2 fluxes, but neither adequately explained the variations in N2O fluxes. Analysis of total C, N, microbial biomass and Q10 values indicated that the higher CO2 emissions from the LFS were linked to the flooding-associated influx of nutrients and alterations in soil microbial populations. These results demonstrate that annual CO2 and N2O emissions can be higher in longer-term flooded sites that receive significant amounts of nutrients, although this may depend on the restriction of diffusional limitations due to the presence of standing water to periods of the year when the potential for gaseous emissions are low.

Growing season

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Wellington
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season

Irrigation regime and water consumption of potatoes in the Republic of Bashkortostan, depending on the reclamation condition of lands

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Guzel Gumerova ◽  
Georgiy Gulyuk ◽  
Dmitry Kucher ◽  
Anatoly Shuravilin ◽  
Elena Piven
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
The Republic

Data of long-term researches (2015–2018) in southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan, is justified theoretically and experimentally the mode of irrigation of potatoes on leached chernozems of unsatisfactory, satisfactory and good ameliorative condition of irrigated lands. For the growing periods of potatoes with different heat and moisture supply, the number of watering, the timing of their implementation, irrigation and irrigation norms are established. On lands with unsatisfactory meliorative state the number of irrigation depending on weather conditions of potato vegetation period varied from 0 to 3 (1.5 on average) with average irrigation norm – 990 m3/ha. With satisfactory meliorative state of lands the number of irrigation on average increased from 0 to 4 (2.3 on average) with irrigation norm – 1305 m3/ha. On lands with good meliorative state the number of irrigation was the highest – from 1 to 5 (3 on average) with average irrigation irrigation norm is 1653 m3/ha. It was noted that in the dry periods of potato vegetation the greatest number of watering was carried out (3–5 watering), and in the wet periods (2017) watering was not carried out except for the area with a good reclamation state, where only one irrigation was carried out by the norm of 550 m3/ha. Water consumption of potato was studied in dynamics as a whole during the growing season and the months of the growing season depending on weather conditions of vegetation period and land reclamation condition of irrigated lands, as well as in the control (without irrigation). The lowest total water consumption was in the area without irrigation and averaged 226.8 mm. In irrigated areas, its values increased to 319-353.4 mm. The average daily water consumption varied from 2.12 to 3.3 mm. The highest rates of potato water consumption were observed in June and July, and the lowest – in May and August. In the total water consumption of potatoes on the site without irrigation, the largest share was occupied by atmospheric precipitation and in addition to them the arrival of moisture from the soil. Irrigation water was used in irrigated areas along with precipitation, the share of which was 30.2–46.1 %.

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