Isolation of cell nuclei in microchannels by short-term chemical treatment via two-step carrier medium exchange

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaori Toyama ◽  
Masumi Yamada ◽  
Minoru Seki
2012 ◽  
Vol 367 (1588) ◽  
pp. 537-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Franks ◽  
Ilia J. Leitch ◽  
Elizabeth M. Ruszala ◽  
Alistair M. Hetherington ◽  
David J. Beerling

In response to short-term fluctuations in atmospheric CO 2 concentration, c a , plants adjust leaf diffusive conductance to CO 2 , g c , via feedback regulation of stomatal aperture as part of a mechanism for optimizing CO 2 uptake with respect to water loss. The operational range of this elaborate control mechanism is determined by the maximum diffusive conductance to CO 2 , g c(max) , which is set by the size ( S ) and density (number per unit area, D ) of stomata on the leaf surface. Here, we show that, in response to long-term exposure to elevated or subambient c a , plants alter g c(max) in the direction of the short-term feedback response of g c to c a via adjustment of S and D . This adaptive feedback response to c a , consistent with long-term optimization of leaf gas exchange, was observed in four species spanning a diverse taxonomic range (the lycophyte Selaginella uncinata , the fern Osmunda regalis and the angiosperms Commelina communis and Vicia faba ). Furthermore, using direct observation as well as flow cytometry, we observed correlated increases in S , guard cell nucleus size and average apparent 1C DNA amount in epidermal cell nuclei with increasing c a , suggesting that stomatal and leaf adaptation to c a is linked to genome scaling.


1947 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Jones

(1) The experiment was carried out on a short term basis due mainly to the limited time available for stored food products work, but it does show the possibilities of giving to the carrier medium an “adhesive” quality for the purpose of retaining an external layer of DDT upon bagged commodities.(2) The increased activity at night of insects attacking stored food is interesting and the movement of insect densities in bags containing foodstuffs needs further detailed investigation. It does seem that a very high percentage of adult beetles will migrate to the surface of bags from inside the contained foodstuffs, and this makes it possible to achieve a fair measure of control by coating bags with a deposit of DDT.(3) When a concentrate mist of a DDT emulsion-gum arabic solution is allowed to settle upon a bag surface, there is no detectable penetration of DDT through the sacking texture and therefore no danger of contaminating the contained foodstuffs.(4) A deposit of such a DDT film, at a concentration rate of 50 mgm. DDT/sq.ft. upon a jute bag surface, remains appreciably toxic to Tribolium castaneum, Calandra oryzae, Rhizopertha dominica and Laemophloeus spp. for a period of approximately 60 days.


2005 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 1216-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Petersson ◽  
Andreas Nilsson ◽  
Henrik Jönsson ◽  
Thomas Laurell

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Bernal ◽  
Pilar Sánchez-Testillano ◽  
María del Carmen Risueño ◽  
Inmaculada Yruela

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cell suspensions have the capacity to develop tolerance to excess copper, constituting a convenient system for studies on the mechanisms of copper tolerance. The functional cell organisation changes observed in these cell cultures after both short-term (stressed cells) and long-term (acclimated cells) exposure to 10 μm CuSO4 are reported from structural, cytochemical and microanalytical approaches. Cells grown in the presence of 10 μm CuSO4 shared some structural features with untreated cells, such as: (i) a large cytoplasmic vacuole, (ii) chloroplasts along the thin layer of cytoplasm, (iii) nucleus in a peripheral location exhibiting circular-shaped nucleolus and a decondensed chromatin pattern, and (iv) presence of Cajal bodies in the cell nuclei. In addition, cells exposed to 10 μm CuSO4 exhibited important differences compared with untreated cells: (i) chloroplasts displayed rounded shape and smaller size with denser-structured internal membranes, especially in copper-acclimated cells; (ii) no starch granules were found within chloroplasts; (iii) the cytoplasmic vacuole was larger, especially after long-term copper exposure; (iv) the levels of citrate and malate increased. Extracellular dark-coloured deposits with high copper content attached at the outer surface of the cell wall were observed only in cells exposed to a short-term copper stress. Structural cell modifications, mainly affecting chloroplasts, accompanied the short-term copper-induced response and were maintained as stable characters during the period of adaptation to excess copper. Vacuolar changes accompanied the long-term copper response. The results indicate that the first response of soybean cells to excess copper prevents its entry into the cell by immobilising it in the cell wall, and after an adaptive period, acclimation to excess copper may be mainly due to vacuolar sequestration.


1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1501-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nielsen ◽  
R. Rohringer

In short-term experiments, cytidine-H3 was fed to rusted and healthy areas of wheat leaves. The incorporated activity, presumably residing in ribonucleic acid, was detected by microautoradiographic methods. Most of the label was found to be incorporated in host cell nuclei. Little incorporation occurred in extranuclear structures of host cells, including chloroplasts. Very long autoradiographic exposure times failed to reveal any incorporation into the fungus.Host cells in infected leaf areas contained considerably less label in their nuclei and cytoplasm than those in cells further from the site of infection. This effect of the fungus extended over some distance into uninvaded host tissue, but not beyond 100 μ from the periphery of the mycelium. The decreased cytidine incorporation in the affected host tissue is not caused by possible changes in pool size of endogenous cytidine. The significance of these results for the host–parasite interaction is briefly discussed.


Lab on a Chip ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masumi Yamada ◽  
Jun Kobayashi ◽  
Masayuki Yamato ◽  
Minoru Seki ◽  
Teruo Okano

Author(s):  
Г.Г. МАГОМЕДОВ ◽  
Е.С. МАГОМЕДОВА ◽  
Д.А. АБДУЛЛАБЕКОВА

Исследована сохранность ягод винограда 13 столовых сортов разных сроков созревания, выращиваемых в Дагестане. Выбранные для эксперимента условия – температура 22–24°С, относительная влажность 67–81%, продолжительность хранения 10 сут и температура ± 1°С, относительная влажность 90–93%, продолжительность хранения 30 сут – соответствуют условиям перевозки данной продукции обычным автомобильным транспортом или авторефрижераторами. Образцы винограда хранили при указанных условиях без дополнительной химической обработки. Установлено, что при хранении в естественных условиях наиболее высокая сохранность по истечении 10 сут у образцов винограда поздних сортов созревания. Охлаждение позволяет увеличить срок хранения винограда ранних и средних сортов созревания до 10 сут, а у отдельных сортов, например у сорта Салам раннего срока созревания и сортов Аг изюм, Самур среднего срока созревания, – до 20 и 30 сут соответственно. Виноград поздних сортов созревания – Агадаи, Дольчатый, Мускат дербентский, Мускат транспортабельный, Мускат южнодагестанский может храниться при охлаждении без химической обработки до 30 сут. Учет особенностей сохранности ягод винограда различных сортов при краткосрочном хранении будет способствовать снижению потерь производителя и повышению качества реализуемой в торговой сети продукции. The preservation of grapes 13 table varieties of different different maturation periods, grown in Dagestan, is investigated. The conditions chosen for the experiment – temperature 22–24°C, relative humidity 67–81%, storage time 10 days and temperature ± 1°C, relative humidity 90–93%, storage time 30 days – correspond to the conditions of transportation of these products by conventional road transport or refrigerated trucks. The samples of grape were stored under these conditions without additional chemical treatment. It was found that during storage in natural conditions the highest preservation after 10 days in grape samples of late varieties maturation. Cooling allows to increase the shelf life of grapes of early and medium maturation varieties to 10 days, and some varieties, such as varieties Salam early ripening and varieties Ag izyum, Samur medium maturation period – up to 20 and 30 days, respectively. Grapes of late ripening varieties – Agadai, Dolchatyy, Muskat derbentskiy, Muskat transportabelny, Muskat yuzhnodagestanskiy can be stored under cooling without chemical treatment up to 30 days. Taking into account the characteristics of the preservation of grapes of different varieties in the short-term storage will help to reduce losses of the manufacturer and improve the quality of products sold in the trading network.


2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.


Author(s):  
D.G. Osborne ◽  
L.J. McCormack ◽  
M.O. Magnusson ◽  
W.S. Kiser

During a project in which regenerative changes were studied in autotransplanted canine kidneys, intranuclear crystals were seen in a small number of tubular epithelial cells. These crystalline structures were seen in the control specimens and also in regenerating specimens; the main differences being in size and number of them. The control specimens showed a few tubular epithelial cell nuclei almost completely occupied by large crystals that were not membrane bound. Subsequent follow-up biopsies of the same kidneys contained similar intranuclear crystals but of a much smaller size. Some of these nuclei contained several small crystals. The small crystals occurred at one week following transplantation and were seen even four weeks following transplantation. As time passed, the small crystals appeared to fuse to form larger crystals.


Author(s):  
M. O. Magnusson ◽  
D. G. Osborne ◽  
T. Shimoji ◽  
W. S. Kiser ◽  
W. A. Hawk

Short term experimental and clinical preservation of kidneys is presently best accomplished by hypothermic continuous pulsatile perfusion with cryoprecipitated and millipore filtered plasma. This study was undertaken to observe ultrastructural changes occurring during 24-hour preservation using the above mentioned method.A kidney was removed through a midline incision from healthy mongrel dogs under pentobarbital anesthesia. The kidneys were flushed immediately after removal with chilled electrolyte solution and placed on a LI-400 preservation system and perfused at 8-10°C. Serial kidney biopsies were obtained at 0-½-1-2-4-8-16 and 24 hours of preservation. All biopsies were prepared for electron microscopy. At the end of the preservation period the kidneys were autografted.


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