Comparison between the selected hydroxides of groups IA and IIA as flame retardants for cotton fabrics

Durable phosphorus-based flame retardants were applied to twill fabrics con taining cotton and wool to study the effect of wool on the flame retardancy and physical properties of the blend fabrics. The presence of wool in untreated blend fabrics caused burning rates to decrease and oxygen index values to increase as wool content increased in the blends. These effects were also observed in cotton/ wool blends treated with low levels of the Thps-urea-TMM flame retardant, but were less pronounced in fabrics treated at high levels. Thermogravimetric analyses were conducted to study the thermal degradation of the treated and untreated fabrics. The presence of wool in treated blend fabrics did not sig nificantly change strength retention, area shrinkage and wrinkle recovery values in comparison to similarly treated 100% cotton fabrics.

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Linear polyamidoamines as novel biocompatible phosphorus-free surface-confined intumescent flame retardants for cotton fabrics

Polymer Degradation and Stability ◽

10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.02.020 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 151 ◽

pp. 52-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Amedea Manfredi ◽

Federico Carosio ◽

Paolo Ferruti ◽

Elisabetta Ranucci ◽

Jenny Alongi

Keyword(s):

Free Surface ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

Cotton Fabrics ◽

Intumescent Flame Retardants

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Caseins and hydrophobins as novel green flame retardants for cotton fabrics

Polymer Degradation and Stability ◽

10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.11.016 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 99 ◽

pp. 111-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 117

Author(s):

Jenny Alongi ◽

Riccardo Andrea Carletto ◽

Francesca Bosco ◽

Federico Carosio ◽

Alessandro Di Blasio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardants ◽

Cotton Fabrics

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Synthesis of three novel amino acids-based flame retardants with multiple reactive groups for cotton fabrics

Cellulose ◽

10.1007/s10570-019-02599-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 7537-7552 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Fang Xu ◽

Ling Zhong ◽

Yuan Xu ◽

Cheng Zhang ◽

Peng Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

Cotton Fabrics ◽

Reactive Groups

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Multifunctional Cotton Fabrics Obtained by Modification with Silanes Containing Esters of Phosphoric Acid as Substituents

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14061542 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 1542

Author(s):

Marcin Przybylak ◽

Michał Dutkiewicz ◽

Karol Szubert ◽

Hieronim Maciejewski ◽

Szymon Rojewski

Keyword(s):

Phosphoric Acid ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

Dip Coating ◽

Cotton Fabrics ◽

Water Contact ◽

Coating Method ◽

Flame Retardant Properties ◽

Dip Coating Method ◽

Acid Esters

The development of novel flame retardants for cotton textiles that form a stable layer on textile fiber is of high economical and practical relevance. A novel flame retardant fluorinated phosphoric acid esters modified silicone resins for cotton modification were synthesized. The investigated phosphoric acid esters based compounds were substituted by a fluorinated chain or ring, and alkoxysilyl groups. The presence of alkoxysilyl groups allowed the formation of bonds with cellulose, while derivatives of phosphoric esters reduced the flammability of fabrics. Additionally, the presence of fluoride in their structures affected the hydrophobic properties. Cotton fabrics were modified in a simple one-step process by dip-coating method. The flame retardant properties of modified textiles were examined by performing microcalorimetric analysis, thermogravimetry analysis, and measuring oxygen index. The hydrophobicity was evaluated by measuring the water contact angle. The modified fabrics were characterized by SEM-EDS (Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) analysis and surface morphology. As a result of the tests, multifunctional fabrics were obtained.

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Green Sorbitol- and Isosorbide-Based Flame Retardants for Cotton Fabrics

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14216375 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (21) ◽

pp. 6375

Author(s):

David De Smet ◽

Madeleine Wéry ◽

Miriam Bader ◽

Ines Stachel ◽

Michael Meyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardancy ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

Cotton Fabrics ◽

Biobased Products ◽

Cone Calorimetry ◽

X Ray ◽

Afterglow Time ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Halogen Free ◽

Textile Sector

Flame retardancy is often required in various textile applications. Halogenated flame retardants (FR) are commonly used since they have good FR performance. Several of these components are listed under REACH. Halogen-free FR compounds have been developed as alternatives. So far, not many biobased FR have made it to the market and are being applied in the textile sector, leaving great opportunities since biobased products are experiencing a renaissance. In this study, renewable FR based on sorbitol and isosorbide were synthesised. The reaction was performed in the melt. The resulting biobased FR were characterised via FT-IR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Cotton fabrics functionalized with the developed biobased FR passed ISO 15025 FR test. After washing, the FR properties of the fabrics decreased (longer afterflame and afterglow time) but still complied with ISO 15025, indicating the biobased FR were semi-permanent. The amount of residue of modified sorbitol and isosorbide measured at 600°C in air was 31% and 27%, respectively. Cotton treated with biobased modified FR showed no ignition during cone calorimetry experiments, indicating a flame retardancy. Furthermore, a charring of the FR containing samples was observed by means of cone calorimetry and TGA measurements.

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Durable and High-efficiency Casein-derived Phosphorus-nitrogen-rich Flame Retardants for Cotton Fabrics

10.21203/rs.3.rs-884727/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fang Xu ◽

Guangxian Zhang ◽

Peng Wang ◽

Fangyin Dai

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardant ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Oxygen Index ◽

Skin Irritation ◽

Cotton Fabrics ◽

Reactive Groups ◽

Index Value ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Limited Oxygen

Abstract A casein derivative (CADP) was synthesized using casein, which is bifunctional containing both –P=O(O-NH4+)2 reactive groups and -P(=O)-O-C- groups, and the durable flame-retardant cotton fabrics were successfully prepared by CADP. The –P=O(O-NH4+)2 reactive groups allowed CADP to be firmly grafted onto cellulose. The –P(=O)-O-C- groups made flame-retardant cotton fabrics more resistant to soaping and improved its durability. The modification by 40% CADP increased the limited oxygen index value (LOI) of cotton fabric from 17.4% to 41.6%, which maintained at 26.4% after 50 cycles of home machine washes. The results of TG, TG-FTIR and SEM indicated that CADP increased the condensed components and decreased the flammable gaseous compounds, resulting the positive effect on char formation of cellulose. The whiteness and tensile strength of cotton fabrics were retained well after modification, and the treated cotton fabrics didn’t have skin irritation.

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Imparting flame resistance to citric acid–modified cotton fabrics using DNA

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics ◽

10.1177/1558925020922217 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 155892502092221

Author(s):

Qiulan Luo ◽

Pu Gao ◽

Jie Zhou ◽

Jian Zhang ◽

Wen Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Cotton Fabric ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

Cotton Fabrics ◽

Biological Macromolecules ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Flame Resistance ◽

Carboxyl Content ◽

Human Needs

Textiles are one of the basic needs of humankind. Although textiles satisfy many human needs, they are implicated in the loss of life and property since many fibers and fabrics are inflammable. Many chemical finishes are applied to improve the flame resistance of textile materials. Unfortunately, most of the flame retardants are synthesized chemically, need large quantities to be used, cause adverse impact on the textiles and also expensive. In this research, a novel approach to using DNA from herring sperm as flame retardant for cotton was explored. Surface of the textiles was modified with citric acid to increase free carboxyl content and hence absorption of DNA. It was observed that DNA was absorbed into the cotton fabrics using chemical adsorption according to the quasi-second-order-kinetic model. Flammability of the cotton before and after the addition of DNA was checked. It was observed the length of fabrics damaged due to flames was only 29 mm compared to the original length of 350 mm. Such a high increase in flame resistance has not been reported for natural materials. In addition, the chemical reaction between DNA and cotton fabric can improve the flame retardant–washing resistance of the finished cotton fabric. In this article, the strategy of using biological macromolecules to flame-retardant fabrics can provide research basis for the design and development of efficient and environmentally friendly flame retardants.

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Microwave Assisted Preparation of Self-Extinguishing Cotton Fabrics by Small Molecules Containing Phosphorous and Nitrogen

Current Microwave Chemistry ◽

10.2174/2213335606666190301160053 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 3-12

Author(s):

SeChin Chang ◽

Brian Condon ◽

Jade Smith

Keyword(s):

Surface Modification ◽

Small Molecules ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

Oxygen Index ◽

Cotton Fabrics ◽

Treatment Level ◽

Limiting Oxygen Index ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Flammability Test

Background: New methods for preparing surface modification of flame retardant cotton fabrics were employed by applying a microwave-assisted technique with a minimum amount of co-solvent. Efforts at flame retardant cotton fabrics treated with economic and environmentally friendly flame retardant compounds based on the small molecules piperazine, PN and PNN, were done successfully. Methods and Results: The evidence of flame retardant chemical penetrations or surface modification of cotton fabrics was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and the treated cotton fabrics were evaluated by flammability tests, such as 45°angle (clothing textiles test) and limiting Oxygen Index (LOI). Thermogravimetric analysis of all treated cotton fabrics in a nitrogen atmosphere showed high thermal stability, as decomposition occurred between 276.9~291.2°C with 30.5~35.7% residue weight char yield at 600°C. Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) and the 45° angle flammability test were used to determine the efficiency of the flame-retardant treatments on the fabrics. LOI values for control twill fabric showed ~18 vol% oxygen in nitrogen, whereas the highest treatment level had 32 vol%. High add-on treatments with flame retardants also readily passed the 45° angle flammability test. Conclusion: In the Microscale Combustion Calorimeter (MCC) tests, a decline in heat of combustion was shown through the smaller values acquired for THR, HRC and Tmax for all PN and PNN samples.

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The Use of Microwave Drying in the Application of Flame Retardants for Cotton Fabrics

Journal of Coated Fabrics ◽

10.1177/152808377600600207 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 95-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Armand B. Pepperman ◽

Sidneyl Vail ◽

Donald W. Lyons

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardants ◽

Cotton Fabrics ◽

Microwave Drying

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