Socio-demographic Characteristics of Individuals with History of Crack Cocaine Use in the US General Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1043-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andriy Yur’yev ◽  
Evaristo Akerele
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Mental health outcomes and associations during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey of the US general population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bella Nichole Kantor ◽  
Jonathan Kantor
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Baseline Demographic

AbstractPandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may lead to significant mental health stresses, potentially with modifiable risk factors. To determine the presence of and magnitude of associations between baseline associations and anxiety and depression in the US general population, we performed an internet-based cross-sectional survey of an age-, sex-, and race-stratified representative sample from the US general population. Degrees of anxiety, depression, and loneliness were assessed using the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the 8-item UCLA Loneliness Scale, respectively. Unadjusted and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine associations with baseline demographic characteristics. A total of 1,005 finished surveys were returned of the 1,020 started, yielding a completion rate of 98.5% in the survey panel. The mean (SD) age of respondents was 45 (16), and 494 (48.8%) were male. Baseline demographic data were similar between those that were (n=663, 66.2%) and were not (n=339, 33.8%) under a shelter in place/ stay at home order, with the exception of sex and geographic location. Overall, 264 subjects (26.8%) met criteria for an anxiety disorder based on a GAD-7 cutoff of 10; a cutoff of 7 yielded 416 subjects (41.4%) meeting clinical criteria for anxiety. On multivariable analysis, male sex (OR 0.65, 95% CI [0.49, 0.87]) and living in a larger home (OR 0.46, 95% CI [0.24, 0.88]) were associated with a decreased odds of meeting anxiety criteria. Rural location (OR 1.39, 95% CI [1.03, 1.89]), loneliness (OR 4.92, 95% CI [3.18, 7.62]), and history of hospitalization (OR 2.04, 95% CI [1.38, 3.03]), were associated with increased odds of meeting anxiety criteria. 232 subjects (23.6%) met criteria for clinical depression. On multivariable analysis, male sex (OR 0.71, 95% CI [0.53, 0.95]), increased time outdoors (OR 0.51, 95% CI [0.29, 0.92]), and living in a larger home (OR 0.35, 95% CI [0.18, 0.69]), were associated with decreased odds of meeting depression criteria. Having lost a job (OR 1.64, 95% CI [1.05, 2.54]), loneliness (OR 10.42, 95% CI [6.26, 17.36]), and history of hospitalization (OR 2.42, 95% CI [1.62, 3.62]), were associated with an increased odds of meeting depression criteria. Income, media consumption, and religiosity were not associated with mental health outcomes. Anxiety and depression are common in the US general population in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, and are associated with potentially modifiable factors.

scholarly journals Causes of death among crack cocaine users

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Ribeiro ◽  
John Dunn ◽  
Ricardo Sesso ◽  
Andréa Costa Dias ◽  
Ronaldo Laranjeira
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Study Endpoint ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cocaine Users

OBJECTIVE: The study accompanied 131 crack-cocaine users over a 5-year period, and examined mortality patterns, as well as the causes of death among them. METHOD: All patients admitted to a detoxification unit in Sao Paulo between 1992 and 1994 were interviewed during two follow-up periods: 1995-1996 and 1998-1999. RESULTS: After 5 years, 124 patients were localized (95%). By the study endpoint (1999), 23 patients (17.6%) had died. Homicide was the most prevalent cause of death (n = 13). Almost one third of the deaths were due to the HIV infection, especially among those with a history of intravenous drug use. Less than 10% died from overdose. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that the mortality risk among crack cocaine users is greater than that seen in the general population, being homicide and AIDS the most common causes of death among such individuals.

Cocaine: A Review

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
John Wootton ◽  
Sheldon I. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Emergency Rooms ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
The Us ◽  
Ready Availability ◽  
National Household Survey ◽  
Medical Emergencies ◽  
Abused Drugs

Epidemiology Although there has been an encouraging decline in the number of Americans using cocaine in recent years, cocaine use remains at epidemic proportions. The National Household Survey on Drug Abuse showed a decrease from 12 million "past year" users in 1985 to 8 million in 1988. In 1988, the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) estimated that 30 million Americans had tried cocaine. Of that 30 million, 20% had gone on to become regular users and 5% had developed a compulsive pattern of use. In 1988 among 12- to 17-year-olds, cocaine use in the previous year was highest in Hispanics at 4%, followed by 3% in whites and 1% in African-Americans. However, the Drug Abuse Warning Network has documented a dramatic increase in the number of admissions to hospital emergency rooms as a result of cocaine use. In 1984, the number was 8831; it jumped to 46 020 in 1988. The ready availability of "crack" cocaine in the US in 1985 may well be responsible for this dramatic increase of documented medical emergencies arising from cocaine use. Although the use of cocaine has decreased, the preferred method of ingestion—smoking—has increased. Sniffing of the drug has decreased. Concurrently, cocaine, which was once called the "champagne" of abused drugs, has dropped significantly in cost on the streets.

scholarly journals Mental Health Outcomes and Associations During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bella Nichole Kantor ◽  
Jonathan Kantor
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Population ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Sex

Pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may lead to significant mental health stresses, potentially with modifiable risk factors. We performed an internet-based cross-sectional survey of an age-, sex-, and race-stratified representative sample from the US general population. Degrees of anxiety, depression, and loneliness were assessed using the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale (GAD-7), the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, and the 8-item UCLA Loneliness Scale, respectively. Unadjusted and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine associations with baseline demographic characteristics. A total of 1,005 finished surveys were returned of the 1,020 started, yielding a completion rate of 98.5% in the survey panel. The mean (standard deviation) age of the respondents was 45 (16) years, and 494 (48.8%) were male. Overall, 264 subjects (26.8%) met the criteria for an anxiety disorder based on a GAD-7 cutoff of 10; a cutoff of 7 yielded 416 subjects (41.4%), meeting the clinical criteria for anxiety. On multivariable analysis, male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.49, 0.87]), identification as Black (OR = 0.49, 95% CI [0.31, 0.77]), and living in a larger home (OR = 0.46, 95% CI [0.24, 0.88]) were associated with a decreased odds of meeting the anxiety criteria. Rural location (OR 1.39, 95% CI [1.03, 1.89]), loneliness (OR 4.92, 95% CI [3.18, 7.62]), and history of hospitalization (OR = 2.04, 95% CI [1.38, 3.03]) were associated with increased odds of meeting the anxiety criteria. Two hundred thirty-two subjects (23.6%) met the criteria for clinical depression. On multivariable analysis, male sex (OR = 0.71, 95% CI [0.53, 0.95]), identifying as Black (OR = 0.62, 95% CI [0.40, 0.97]), increased time outdoors (OR = 0.51, 95% CI [0.29, 0.92]), and living in a larger home (OR = 0.35, 95% CI [0.18, 0.69]) were associated with decreased odds of meeting depression criteria. Having lost a job (OR = 1.64, 95% CI [1.05, 2.54]), loneliness (OR = 10.42, 95% CI [6.26, 17.36]), and history of hospitalization (OR = 2.42, 95% CI [1.62, 3.62]) were associated with an increased odds of meeting depression criteria. Income, media consumption, and religiosity were not associated with mental health outcomes. Anxiety and depression are common in the US general population in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and are associated with potentially modifiable factors.

scholarly journals A Severe Complication of Crack Cocaine Use

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokul Vidyasankar ◽  
Carolina Souza ◽  
Chi Lai ◽  
Sunita Mulpuru
Keyword(s):  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Severe Complication ◽  
Alveolar Hemorrhage ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Serial Imaging ◽  
History Of

The present report describes a 48-year-old woman with a history of recurrent ‘crack’ cocaine use, who developed progressive shortness of breath over a period of years. Serial imaging revealed progressive interstitial fibrosis secondary to recurrent alveolar hemorrhage and inflammation from crack cocaine. The present case serves as a reminder of the numerous sequelae of crack cocaine use, highlighting one particularly severe outcome.

scholarly journals Concussion Among Children in the United States General Population: Incidence and Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan E. Cook ◽  
Grant L. Iverson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health History ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Concussion History ◽  
Current Sample

The objective of this study was to examine the incidence of concussion and risk factors for sustaining concussion among children from the United States general population. This prospective cohort study used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study®. Children were recruited from schools across the US, sampled to reflect the sociodemographic variation of the US population. The current sample includes 11,013 children aged 9 to 10 years old (47.6% girls; 65.5% White) who were prospectively followed for an average of 1 year (mean = 367.9 days, SD = 40.8, range 249–601). The primary outcome was caregiver-reported concussion during a 1 year follow-up period. Logistic regression was used to determine which potential clinical, health history, and behavioral characteristics (assessed at baseline) were prospectively associated with concussion. In the 1 year follow-up period between ages 10 and 11, 1 in 100 children (n = 123, 1.1%) sustained a concussion. In univariate models, three baseline predictors (ADHD, prior concussion, and accident proneness) were significantly associated with sustaining a concussion. In a multivariate model, controlling for all other predictors, only prior concussion remained significantly associated with the occurrence of a concussion during the observation period (Odds Ratio = 5.49, 95% CI: 3.40–8.87). The most robust and only independent prospective predictor of sustaining a concussion was history of a prior concussion. History of concussion is associated with 5.5 times greater odds of sustaining concussion between ages 10 and 11 among children from the general US population.

Psychiatric and substance-use comorbidities associated with lifetime crack cocaine use in young adults in the general population

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1369-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana C.M. Narvaez ◽  
Karen Jansen ◽  
Ricardo T. Pinheiro ◽  
Flávio Kapczinski ◽  
Ricardo A. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
General Population ◽  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Cocaine Use

An Empirical History of the US Postal Savings System

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-696
Author(s):  
Steven Sprick Schuster ◽  
Matthew Jaremski ◽  
Elisabeth Ruth Perlman
Keyword(s):  
Great Depression ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Safe Haven ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Immigrant Populations ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of

AbstractSeeking to reach the unbanked, the US Postal Savings System provided a federally insured savings alternative to traditional banks. Using novel data sets on postal deposits, demographic characteristics, and banks, we study how and by whom the system was used. We find the program was initially used by nonfarming immigrant populations for short-term saving, then as a safe haven during the Great Depression, and finally as long-term investments for the wealthy during the 1940s. Postal Savings was only a partial substitute for traditional banks, as locations with banks often still heavily used Postal Savings.

scholarly journals Quality of life, social functioning, family structure, and treatment history associated with crack cocaine use in youth from the general population

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana C.M. Narvaez ◽  
Flávio Pechansky ◽  
Karen Jansen ◽  
Ricardo T. Pinheiro ◽  
Ricardo A. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
General Population ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Treatment History

Changing demography of homeless adult populations

2020 ◽  
pp. 175791392091979
Author(s):  
J Tsai ◽  
K Mehta ◽  
AE Mongtomery ◽  
E Elbogen ◽  
D Hooshyar
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Service User ◽  
Healthcare Service ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Homeless Veterans ◽  
Homeless Adult ◽  
The Us ◽  
Changing Demographics

As the demographic characteristics of the US population have changed over the past decade, the characteristics of different homeless populations have changed as well. This study tracked changes in demographic characteristics of homeless adult, veteran, and healthcare service user populations against general adult and veteran populations from 2007-2017. The results showed that changing demographics of homeless populations largely reflected broader trends in the general population, and attention is needed on the clinical needs of aging homeless populations. There may be some unique changes in the demography of some homeless populations, such as younger homeless veterans seeking healthcare services.

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