The impact of the US legislation on company measures of control and prevention

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 349-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-D. Bussmann ◽  
Sebastian Matschke
Keyword(s):  
The Us ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals State-level tracking of COVID-19 in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Juliette T. Unwin ◽  
Swapnil Mishra ◽  
Valerie C. Bradley ◽  
Axel Gandy ◽  
Thomas A. Mellan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
The Us ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Credible Intervals ◽  
Behaviour Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Number Of Individuals

AbstractAs of 1st June 2020, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported 104,232 confirmed or probable COVID-19-related deaths in the US. This was more than twice the number of deaths reported in the next most severely impacted country. We jointly modelled the US epidemic at the state-level, using publicly available death data within a Bayesian hierarchical semi-mechanistic framework. For each state, we estimate the number of individuals that have been infected, the number of individuals that are currently infectious and the time-varying reproduction number (the average number of secondary infections caused by an infected person). We used changes in mobility to capture the impact that non-pharmaceutical interventions and other behaviour changes have on the rate of transmission of SARS-CoV-2. On 1st June, we estimated that Rt was only below one in 23 states. We also estimated that 3.7% [3.4%-4.0%] of the total population of the US had been infected, with wide variation between states, and approximately 0.01% of the population was infectious. We demonstrate good 3 week model forecasts of deaths with low error and good coverage of our credible intervals.

scholarly journals State-level tracking of COVID-19 in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Juliette T. Unwin ◽  
Swapnil Mishra ◽  
Valerie C. Bradley ◽  
Axel Gandy ◽  
Thomas A. Mellan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
The Us ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Credible Intervals ◽  
Behaviour Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Number Of Individuals

AbstractAs of 1st June 2020, the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention reported 104,232 confirmed or probable COVID-19-related deaths in the US. This was more than twice the number of deaths reported in the next most severely impacted country. We jointly model the US epidemic at the state-level, using publicly available death data within a Bayesian hierarchical semi-mechanistic framework. For each state, we estimate the number of individuals that have been infected, the number of individuals that are currently infectious and the time-varying reproduction number (the average number of secondary infections caused by an infected person). We use changes in mobility to capture the impact that non-pharmaceutical interventions and other behaviour changes have on the rate of transmission of SARS-CoV-2. We estimate that Rt was only below one in 23 states on 1st June. We also estimate that 3.7% [3.4%–4.0%] of the total population of the US had been infected, with wide variation between states, and approximately 0.01% of the population was infectious. We demonstrate good 3 week model forecasts of deaths with low error and good coverage of our credible intervals.

HIV-testing in a cancer center emergency department.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 225-225
Author(s):  
Bruno Palma Granwehr ◽  
Kelly W. Merriman ◽  
Zeena Shelal ◽  
Hadil Bazerbashi ◽  
Patricia A Brock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Comprehensive Cancer Center ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
The Us ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Routine Hiv Testing ◽  
The Impact

225 Background: HIV is a cancer-associated virus classically associated with KS, NHL, and cervical cancer, but more recently with anal cancer, lung, and head and neck cancers. HIV testing and treatment are important for cancer patients for three reasons: 1) HIV treatment is associated with reduced transmission of a cancer-associated virus. 2) HIV treatment is associated with improved outcomes of cancer therapy in many cancers. 3) HIV testing optimizes quality of care, since testing is recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)(A level recommendation) for patients between the ages of 15 and 65 years of age. Since emergency centers (EC’s) commonly provide immunizations and other preventive care, we implemented HIV testing at our cancer center EC. Methods: In our 44 bed cancer center EC with approximately 25,000 annual visits, routine implementation by physician order was implemented in July 2014. EC information technology (IT) assisted in modification of the order sets and facilitated documentation of specific consent for HIV. Educational materials were disseminated to patients and EC providers. A new consent form with integration of HIV consent, including a check box to refuse HIV testing, was implemented on June 19, 2015. Testing results are described through August 2015. Results: HIV testing increased significantly from July 2014 and August 2015. The impact on institutional testing was considerable, increasing from 1.2% of all HIV testing in 2013 to 15.1% to date in 2015. Between July 2014 and August 2015, 1.4% (0.4% incident) of 852 patients screened positive for HIV. Notably, 83% of patients agreed to HIV testing, but less than 20% of patients were actually tested. The highest refusal rate (18.8%) was in patients over age 70 and lowest (9.9%) in those 21-29 years of age. Conclusions: Routine HIV testing is feasible in a comprehensive cancer center ED, but increased awareness is necessary to optimize testing, given the high acceptance rate. Seroprevalence of HIV is comparable to non-cancer center EC’s (0.5-1.2%). These results demonstrate the acceptance by patients of testing for HIV, with implications in reduction of transmission of this cancer-associated virus.

The Changing Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the United States During the Years 2010 to 2018

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e7
Author(s):  
Deborah Holtzman ◽  
Alice K. Asher ◽  
Sarah Schillie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
The Us ◽  
Acute Hcv ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
The Impact

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, leading to serious health problems among those who are chronically infected. Since 1992, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has been collecting data on the incidence of HCV infection in the United States. In 2018, more than 50 000 individuals were estimated to have acute HCV infection. The most recently reported data on the prevalence of infection indicate that approximately 2.4 million people are living with hepatitis C in the United States. Transmission of HCV occurs predominantly through sharing contaminated equipment for injecting drugs. Two major events have had a significant impact on the incidence and prevalence of hepatitis C in the past few decades: the US opioid crisis and the discovery of curative treatments for HCV infection. To better understand the impact of these events, we examine reported trends in the incidence and prevalence of infection. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print March 18, 2021: e1–e7. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.306149 )

scholarly journals Integrating Online Georeferenced Epidemiological Analysis and Visualization into a Telemedicine Infrastructure – First Results

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo von Wangenheim ◽  
Alexandre Savaris ◽  
Adriano Ferretti Borgatto ◽  
Andrei de Souza Inácio
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Epidemiology ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Online Module ◽  
Free Text Search ◽  
The Us ◽  
First Results ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Visualization Of Data ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTWith the objective to perform a first evaluation of the impact of the integration of a graphic spatial epidemiology tool that allows quasi-realtime georeferenced data visualization into a telemedicine infrastructure, this work presents GISTelemed, an online module specialized on indexing structured and semi-structured data, as well as querying the indexed content using structured and free-text search.We evaluated GISTelemed accordingly to the guidelines published by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and input provided by a questionnaire customized according to AdEQUATE (questionnAire for Evaluation of QUAlity in TElemedicine systems).39 healthcare professionals from 13 municipalities participated in the evaluation. We analyzed data from questionnaires using descriptive statistics, being Lernability and Comfort the characteristics that received the best evaluation. Quantitative evaluation based upon leprosis cases detected through tele-dermatology showed a sensitivity and PPV of respectively 77.2% and 95.3%. 22.8% of the cases detected were un-notified cases.Results from our case study show a good evaluation regarding the perceived software quality”. We conclude that the integration of spatial epidemiology tools to the STT/SC system, besides enabling visualization of data in maps, allowed users to analyze the evolution of morbidities and their co-occurrences.

Systematic review methodology for development: An example from microfinance

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Van Rooyen ◽  
Ruth Stewart ◽  
Thea De Wet
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
International Development ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Systematic Review Methodology ◽  
Development Interventions ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Evidence Based Decision Making

Big international development donors such as the UK’s Department for International Development and USAID have recently started using systematic review as a methodology to assess the effectiveness of various development interventions to help them decide what is the ‘best’ intervention to spend money on. Such an approach to evidence-based decision-making has long been practiced in the health sector in the US, UK, and elsewhere but it is relatively new in the development field. In this article we use the case of a systematic review of the impact of microfinance on the poor in sub-Saharan African to indicate how systematic review as a methodology can be used to assess the impact of specific development interventions.

The Impact of Monetary and Fiscal Policies on the Stock Market in the United States (U.S); Evidence from Linear ARDL Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-132
Author(s):  
Aref Emamian
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Real Effective Exchange Rate ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Us ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of monetary and fiscal policies on the stock market in the United States (US), were used. By employing the method of Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) developed by Pesaran et al. (2001). Annual data from the Federal Reserve, World Bank, and International Monetary Fund, from 1986 to 2017 pertaining to the American economy, the results show that both policies play a significant role in the stock market. We find a significant positive effect of real Gross Domestic Product and the interest rate on the US stock market in the long run and significant negative relationship effect of Consumer Price Index (CPI) and broad money on the US stock market both in the short run and long run. On the other hand, this study only could support the significant positive impact of tax revenue and significant negative impact of real effective exchange rate on the US stock market in the short run while in the long run are insignificant. Keywords: ARDL, monetary policy, fiscal policy, stock market, United States

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