A study of parabens and bisphenol A in surface water and fish brain tissue from the Greater Pittsburgh Area

Cyprus is currently the leading country in antibiotic consumption among all European Union member countries and is likely to have a high consumption of pharmaceuticals overall. This reconnaissance type of project sought to investigate the occurrence of 16 pharmaceuticals, six known or suspected endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), two flame retardants, one insect repellant, and one fragrance for the first time in water supplies of Cyprus. Groundwater samples from sites that were located beneath farms scattered around Cyprus, wastewater influent and tertiary-treated effluent, raw and finished surface water, and household potable water samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Most of the tested compounds were < minimum reporting limit, except for ibuprofen (mean of 1.4 ng L−1) and bisphenol A (mean of 50 ng L−1), which were detected in more than one out of the five groundwater sampling sites. Certain compounds were found in large concentrations in the wastewater influent (caffeine 82,000 ng L−1, sulfamethoxazole 240 ng L−1, ibuprofen 4,300 ng L−1, and triclosan 480 ng L−1). However, several pharmaceuticals and EDCs were detected in the tertiary-treated effluent (recycled water). For the raw and finished surface water, and potable water samples, ibuprofen was detected, whereas, bisphenol-A was measured in only potable water. Overall, with a few notable exceptions, source, finished and potable water had rare detection or low concentration of target compounds, but further research is needed to elucidate the temporal and spatial distribution of the detected emerging contaminants along with the characterization of the related public health risk.

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Surveillance of plasticizers, bisphenol A, steroids and caffeine in surface water of River Ganga and Sundarban wetland along the Bay of Bengal: occurrence, sources, estrogenicity screening and ecotoxicological risk assessment

Water Research ◽

10.1016/j.watres.2020.116668 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 190 ◽

pp. 116668

Author(s):

Paromita Chakraborty ◽

Nancy W. Shappell ◽

Moitraiyee Mukhopadhyay ◽

Sathaporn Onanong ◽

K Ronnie Rex ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Surface Water ◽

Bisphenol A ◽

Bay Of Bengal ◽

Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment ◽

Ecotoxicological Risk ◽

River Ganga ◽

Sundarban Wetland

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Occurrence of chemicals with known or suspected endocrine disrupting activity in drinking water, groundwater and surface water, Austria 2017/2018

Die Bodenkultur Journal of Land Management Food and Environment ◽

10.2478/boku-2018-0014 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 155-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Werner Brueller ◽

Norbert Inreiter ◽

Thomas Boegl ◽

Martin Rubasch ◽

Samim Saner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Surface Water ◽

Bisphenol A ◽

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽

Limit Of Quantification ◽

Limit Value ◽

Bathing Water ◽

Drinking Water Resources ◽

Endocrine Disrupting ◽

Polybrominated Diphenylethers

Summary Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can cause adverse effects in individuals and their offspring. In 2017 and 2018, we performed a survey on representative samples of Austrian drinking water (n = 20), groundwater (n = 22), and surface water (n = 12), the latter including bathing water (n = 5) and rivers (n = 7). We analyzed 54 samples for 28 parameters, including estrogens, polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs), phthalates, perfluoroalkyl substances, alkylphenols, bisphenol A and triclosan, correlating to 1512 measurements. In 39 of the 54 samples (72.2%), at least one endocrine disrupting or potentially disrupting chemical was found at or above the limit of quantification. None of the samples yielded estrogens or triclosan in detectable levels. Bisphenol A (BPA) was detected in 4 (20.0%) samples of drinking water, in 1 (4.5%) groundwater sample, and in 1 (20%) bathing water sample, with a maximum concentration of 0.021 μg/l found in one drinking water. Two drinking water samples yielded BPA in concentrations above the limit value of 0.01 μg/l, recently proposed by the European Commission for drinking water. Therefore, the ultimate public health goal must be to further reduce and restrict the production of EDCs and therewith decrease and eventually eliminate the contamination of drinking water resources.

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Bisphenol A in the Surface Water and Freshwater Snail Collected from Rivers Around a Secure Landfill

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ◽

10.1007/s00128-005-0896-4 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

pp. 113-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

J. H. Kang ◽

F. Kondo

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Bisphenol A ◽

Freshwater Snail ◽

Secure Landfill

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Contamination level of Bisphenol A in surface waterfrom urban rivers and lakes of Hanoi city

Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam ◽

10.31276/vjst.63(11db).24-28 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 63 (11) ◽

pp. 24-28

Author(s):

Thuy Ngoc Nguyen ◽

◽

Thi Kim Truong ◽

Thi Lan Anh Phan ◽

Thi Vi Phung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Bisphenol A ◽

Water Samples ◽

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Average Concentration ◽

Consumer Products ◽

Contamination Level ◽

The European Union ◽

Rivers And Lakes

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a precursor chemical to produce polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins that have been widely used in the world with many essential daily applications. BPA is considered one of the endocrine-disrupting chemicals in animals, which causes harmful effects on health. Besides, BPA originates from resins and consumer products after use has been released into the environment. To assess the contamination level of BPA in surface water, this study collected and analysed water samples from rivers and lakes in the centre of Hanoi. The average concentration of BPA in 45 surface water samples was 76.8 ng/l (6.6-284 ng/l). The highest concentration of BPA was found at the surrounding area of the wastewater treatment plant in Yen So (177 ng/l), followed by the Yen So lake (86.9 ng/l), To Lich and Nhue rivers (~80 ng/l), Lu, Set, Kim Nguu rivers (~60 ng/l) and the lowest level in West Lake (20.1 ng/l). The BPA levels in surface water were much lower than the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) which is used to assess the environmental risk to protect the aquatic organism from the European Union.

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Enhanced degradation of micropollutants by zero-valent aluminum activated persulfate: assessment of toxicity and genotoxic activity

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2017.489 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 76 (12) ◽

pp. 3195-3204 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

T. Olmez-Hanci ◽

I. Arslan-Alaton ◽

M. Doğan ◽

S. Khoei ◽

H. Fakhri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Bisphenol A ◽

Vibrio Fischeri ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Genotoxic Effects ◽

Removal Efficiencies ◽

Relative Inhibition ◽

Activated Persulfate ◽

Enhanced Degradation

Abstract Advanced oxidation of the aqueous Triton™ X-45 (TX-45), iopamidol (IOPA), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and bisphenol A (BPA) solutions via activation of persulfate (PS) with zero-valent aluminum (ZVA) was investigated. The study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the PS/ZVA process in terms of target micropollutants (MPs) and toxicity abatements in raw surface water (RSW) and distilled water (DW). TX-45, CIP and BPA were completely degraded after 90-minute, 120-minute and 40-minute treatment, respectively, with PS/ZVA in DW, whereas 95% IOPA removal was achieved after 120-minute (MPs = 2 mg/L; ZVA = 1 g/L; PS = 0.25 mM for CIP and BPA; PS = 0.50 mM for TX-45 and IOPA; pH = 3). TX-45 (59%), IOPA (29%), CIP (73%) and BPA (46%) removal efficiencies decreased after 120-minute PS/ZVA treatment in RSW. In DW, Vibrio fischeri toxicities of original (untreated) MPs were found as: CIP (51%) > BPA (40%) > TX-45 (15%) > IOPA (1%), and as BPA (100%) > CIP (66%) > IOPA (62%) > TX-45 (35%) in RSW. Acute toxicities of MPs and their degradation products fluctuated during PS/ZVA treatment both in DW and RSW samples and resulted in different relative inhibition values after 120-minute. The original and PS/ZVA-treated TX-45, IOPA and BPA in DW exhibited neither cytotoxic nor genotoxic effects, whereas CIP oxidation ended up in degradation products with genotoxic effects.

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STUDIES ON ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS PRODUCED EXPERIMENTALLY IN RHESUS MONKEYS. III

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.88.4.417 ◽

1948 ◽

Vol 88 (4) ◽

pp. 417-426 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Elvin A. Kabat ◽

Abner Wolf ◽

Ada E. Bezer

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Brain Tissue ◽

Rhesus Monkeys ◽

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽

Fish Brain ◽

Chicken Brain ◽

The Brain

The factor in brain tissue which induces acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, when injected into rhesus monkeys as an emulsion with adjuvants, has been found in human, monkey, rabbit, and chicken brain but is absent from frog and fish brain. It is unaffected by fixation of the brain in formalin, by boiling, and by treatment with ultrasound. It is present in the spinal cord of 3 day old rabbits but does not appear in the rabbit cerebrum until about the 12th day of life; in this respect it parallels the laying down of myelin. Attempts to produce the encephalomyelitis passively with large quantities of serum or of cell exudates, and suspensions of cells from spleen and lymph node from monkeys with encephalomyelitis, were unsuccessful.

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