Biochar reduces cadmium accumulation in rice grains in a tungsten mining area-field experiment: effects of biochar type and dosage, rice variety, and pollution level

Crops and stored grains are susceptible to pathogens that represent a threat to our health. The study presented herein compares the normal surface and endophytic fungal communities present on white and brown rice grains. One hundred grains of each rice variety was analyzed to determine their fungal contaminants and endophytes. Fungi were inoculated on SDA media, and purified in PDA media; morphological characterization was performed followed by amplification of the ITS region using PCR for all fungal isolates. Statistical analysis indicated significant differences between medium brown rice compared to white rice for surface and endophytic communities (p-value £ 0.05). In addition, a higher fungal diversity was found on brown rice grains compared to white rice. This variation may be due to differences in the processing methods used for each rice grain type. BLAST analysis revealed the presence of toxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus, A.oryzae, Penicillium verrucosum, and P. viridicatum. The study of fungal growth in rice grains can contribute to the minimization of mycotoxin production by its prevention and control; therefore, decreasing crop contamination and human exposure to their metabolites. KEYWORDS: Fungi; Rice; Fungal contaminants; Fungal endophytes

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Effects of aqueous Moringa oleifera leaf extract on growth performance and accumulation of cadmium in a Thai jasmine rice-Khao Dawk Mali 105 variety

10.21203/rs.3.rs-604626/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Choowong Auesukaree ◽

Jutamas Bussarakum ◽

Sirin Sirirakphaisarn ◽

Patompong Saengwilai

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Cd Accumulation ◽

Hydroponic System ◽

Rice Grains ◽

System A ◽

Petri Dishes ◽

Jasmine Rice

Abstract The contamination of paddy fields and rice grains by cadmium (Cd) adversely affects human health. Thus, many approaches have been proposed to reduce the accumulation of Cd in rice. Here, we investigate the potential of aqueous Moringa oleifera leaf extract (AMOLE) in decreasing uptake and toxicity of Cd in a popular Thai jasmine rice variety, Khao Dawk Mali 105 (KDML105). Plants were grown in Petri dishes, a hydroponic system, and a pot system under different concentrations of Cd, in the presence and absence of AMOLE. In Petri dishes, Cd reduced the percentage of germination by 79%, but the treatment with 0.5 mg mL -1 AMOLE significantly increased the germination percentage. Moreover, AMOLE significantly decreased Cd accumulation in rice seedlings by 97%. In the hydroponics system, 0.5 mg mL -1 AMOLE decreased Cd content in shoots by 48%. Although no significant physiological changes in response to Cd treatments were observed in the pot system, a large amount of Cd was accumulated in rice roots. The AMOLE treatments significantly reduced Cd accumulation in rice shoots and decreased Cd content in milled grain by half compared to those without AMOLE treatment. We conclude that AMOLE reduced Cd toxicity, enhanced seedling growth, and reduced Cd accumulation in rice grains.

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Erratum to “Water Management Practices Affect Arsenic and Cadmium Accumulation in Rice Grains”

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/379654 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-2

Author(s):

Liming Sun ◽

Manman Zheng ◽

Hongyan Liu ◽

Shaobing Peng ◽

Jianliang Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Cadmium Accumulation ◽

Rice Grains

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Performance of rice varieties with types of seedling under late planted lowland situation

Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal ◽

10.18805/ag.d-4664 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (04) ◽

Author(s):

K. Thakuria ◽

R. K. Saud ◽

C. Thakuria

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Straw Yield ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

Benefit Cost

A field experiment was conducted under late planted lowland situations during wet seasons of 2012 and 2013 at Jorhat to evaluate the performance of 3 late planted sali (kharif) rice varieties (Prafulla, Gitesh and Monoharsali) under 3 planting dates (10, 20 and 30 September) with 2 types of seedling (Nursery seedling and double planted seedling). Results revealed that delaying planting dates from 10 September to 30 September significantly and consistently reduced both grain and straw yields along with all the yield attributing characters during both the years. On an average, the grain and straw yield reduction being 58.3 and 19.3 per cent, respectively. Among the varieties tested, rice variety ‘Monoharsali’ outyielded the variety, ‘Prafulla’ and ‘Gitesh’. Double planted seedlings of 60 days (30 + 30 days) old recorded significantly higher yields and all the yield attributes over the use of 60 days nursery seedling. The highest net return and benefit-cost ratio was recorded when rice variety, ‘Monoharsali’ was transplanted on 10 September using 60 days (30 + 30 days) double planted seedling.

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Response of rice varieties to different sowing windows under Konkan conditions

Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal ◽

10.18805/asd.v0iof.7333 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

D. N. Jagtap ◽

U. V. Mahadkar ◽

S. A. Chavan

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Rice Crop ◽

Economic Returns ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Straw Yield ◽

Long Duration ◽

Main Plot ◽

Plot Design

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season 2015-16 to study the response of rice varieties to different sowing windows under Konkan conditions. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The main plot treatments were three sowing windows, viz., 23rd Met Week, 24th Met Week, 25thMet Week. The sub plot treatments comprised five rice varietiesviz., Karjat-5, Palghar-1, Jaya, Swarna and Karjat-2. Thus there were 45 treatment combinations. Results revealed that rice crop sown on 23rd Met. Week recorded significantly higher grain yield (5782 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6462 kg ha-1). Long duration rice variety Swarna recorded the maximum grain yield (5782 kg ha-1) as well as straw yield (6462 kg ha-1), which was significantly higher over all other varieties under study except variety Jaya which was at par. From the present investigation it can be concluded that kharif rice in Konkan be sown during 23rd meteorological week with rice variety Swarna followed by conventional variety Jaya, so as to obtain higher yield and economic returns

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Reduction of Heavy Metal Cadmium Accumulation in Rice Grains

Journal of Bionanoscience ◽

10.1166/jbns.2015.1321 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 383-388

Author(s):

Ding Li ◽

Bailin Dai ◽

Xiaoxi Zeng ◽

Lijian Xu ◽

Jianxin Tang

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Cadmium Accumulation ◽

Rice Grains

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Overexpression of OsLCT2, a Low-Affinity Cation Transporter Gene, Reduces Cadmium Accumulation in Shoots and Grains of Rice

Rice ◽

10.1186/s12284-021-00530-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Li Tang ◽

Jiayu Dong ◽

Longtao Tan ◽

Zhongying Ji ◽

Yaokui Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resource ◽

Xylem Sap ◽

Cadmium Accumulation ◽

Cd Accumulation ◽

Rice Grains ◽

Hydroponic Experiment ◽

Zn Uptake ◽

Transporter Family ◽

Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms ◽

Cd Translocation

AbstractCadmium (Cd)-contaminated rice is a serious issue affecting food safety. Understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of Cd accumulation in rice grains is crucial to minimizing Cd concentrations in grains. We identified a member of the low-affinity cation transporter family, OsLCT2 in rice. It was a membrane protein. OsLCT2 was expressed in all tissues of the elongation and maturation zones in roots, with the strongest expression in pericycle and stele cells adjacent to the xylem. When grown in Cd-contaminated paddy soils, rice plants overexpressing OsLCT2 significantly reduced Cd concentrations in the straw and grains. Hydroponic experiment demonstrated its overexpression decreased the rate of Cd translocation from roots to shoots, and reduced Cd concentrations in xylem sap and in shoots of rice. Moreover, its overexpression increased Zn concentrations in roots by up-regulating the expression of OsZIP9, a gene responsible for Zn uptake. Overexpression of OsLCT2 reduces Cd accumulation in rice shoots and grains by limiting the amounts of Cd loaded into the xylem and restricting Cd translocation from roots to shoots of rice. Thus, OsLCT2 is a promising genetic resource to be engineered to reduce Cd accumulation in rice grains.

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Pesticidal effect of different botanicals and wood ash against Angoumois grain moth Sitotroga cerealella Olivier.

Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research ◽

10.3329/bjsir.v52i1.32085 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 67-72

Author(s):

Tahmina Akter ◽

Ruhul Amin

Keyword(s):

Rice Variety ◽

Wood Ash ◽

Terminalia Arjuna ◽

Adult Longevity ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Sitotroga Cerealella ◽

Tobacco Leaf ◽

Angoumois Grain Moth ◽

Rice Grains ◽

Leaf Powder

Pesticidal effects of different botanicals (like neem, Azadirachta indica; Biskataly, Polygonum hydropiper Linn. karanja, Pongamia pinnata, arjun (Terminalia arjuna ) and tobacco, Nicotina tabacum ) and wood ash were studied for the management of Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) in stored rice grain at the Department of Entomology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. For the studies, de-infested rice variety BR-11 was collected from farm store house. The treatments of the studies were: Neem leaf powder @ 10gm / kg of rice grains were mixed with seeds (T1); Biskatali leaf powder @ 10gm/kg of rice grains were mixed with seeds (T2); Karanja leaf powder @ 10gm / kg of rice grains were mixed with seeds (T3); Arjun leaf powder t @ 10gm / kg of rice grains were mixed with seeds (T4); Tobacco leaf powder @ 10gm / kg of rice grains were mixed with seeds (T5); Wood ash @ 10gm / kg of rice grains were mixed with seeds (T6) and Control (T7) and experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications. In all generation (1st, 2nd and 3rd generation), the results showed that different botanicals and wood ash had pesticidal effect against angoumois grain moth. Among them tobacco leaf powder showed the highest toxic effect in case of the percent of mortality (100%), percent of adult emerged (0.00%), adult longevity (0.00) and repellency effect (75%) which closely followed by neem leaf powder (T1), whereas biskataly and karanja leaves powder showed lowest and the no repellency rate (0.00) was recorded in T3 and T6 treatment.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52(1), 67-72, 2017

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ADAPTASI DAN KERAGAAN HASIL PADI VARIETAS INPARA DI LAHAN RAWA

BERITA BIOLOGI ◽

10.14203/beritabiologi.v17i3.2933 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Koesrini Koesrini

Keyword(s):

Research And Development ◽

Field Experiment ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Dry Season ◽

Tidal Swamp ◽

Agricultural Research And Development

Inpara is a rice variety rice released by the Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD) which is adaptive to swamp land. The research objective was to evaluate the adaptability and yield performanceof Inpara varieties in swamp lands. The field experiment was conducted in tidal swamp lands, in Barito Kuala District and in swampy lands, Hulu Sungai Selatan District of South Kalimantan, during dry season of 2014. The research was arranged in a randomized complete design with three replications. The treatment was 7 Inpara varieties, i.e. Inpara 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and comparison varieties, i.e Margasari in tidal swamp lands and Ciherang in swampy lands. The result showed that there was a variation adaptation between Inpara varieties in tidal swamp land and swampy lands. Inpara 2 and Inpara 3 varieties showed a good adaptation in tidal swamp lands, had the yield of 4.04 t/ha which an increasing yield was 35.9% higher than Margasari variety. Inpara 1 and Inpara 6 varieties presented a good adaptation in swampy lands that produced 2.118 t/ha and 2.275 t/ha and 1.9% and 9.5%, respectively higher than Ciherang variety. Variety of Inpara is not adaptive in swamp lands.

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